AL Rafdain Engineering Journal最新文献_第2页

FPGA-SoC Based Object Tracking Algorithms: A Literature Review 基于FPGA-SoC的目标跟踪算法:文献综述

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138936.1243

Marwan Al-yoonus, Saad Al-Kazzaz

{"title":"FPGA-SoC Based Object Tracking Algorithms: A Literature Review","authors":"Marwan Al-yoonus, Saad Al-Kazzaz","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.138936.1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.138936.1243","url":null,"abstract":"Systems for object detection and tracking are becoming increasingly important in practical applications today. Many research and development groups are interested in improving the performance of such systems, and numerous methods have been developed and proposed. Additionally, computer vision is constantly developing and implemented on reconfigurable and embedded systems. The purpose of this study is to present past and recent research works in the field of visual tracking systems that used FPGA and FPGA-SoC platforms. The study includes a brief description of several popular algorithms related to the main characteristics and in which field is preferred. Resource utilization was also considered in this study to present the most and the least resources used to implement different algorithms. The study found that flip-flops (FF) and lookup tables (LUT) are usually used, while BRAM, DSP, and multipliers had the lowest percentage utilization. Due to the recent development in the production of advanced processing systems, there is an increase focusing on employing FPGA-SoC platforms in visual surveillance systems. The reason behind that is their ability to implement complex processing using both hardware and software co-design to gain high performance in less design time compared with using only FPGA-based platforms.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Physiotherapy Exercise by Motion Capturing Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Review 基于人工智能的运动捕捉评价物理治疗运动的研究进展

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138562.1235

Nawal Abdullah, Sa’ad Al-Kazzaz

{"title":"Evaluation of Physiotherapy Exercise by Motion Capturing Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Review","authors":"Nawal Abdullah, Sa’ad Al-Kazzaz","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.138562.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.138562.1235","url":null,"abstract":"Physical therapy is an important form of rehabilitation for patients suffering from a variety of disorders. Since professional physiotherapists are not always available, there is a need to introduce an intelligent system that assets the patients to perform the exercise by themselves. Any evaluation system consists of hardware interfacing, computers, processing, and evaluation tools. These tools made it easier to build methods for automating the evaluation of patient performance and advancement in functional rehabilitation. In this research, about one hundred research papers are classified according to the above-mentioned system parts. The review of current tools for capturing rehabilitative motions shows that the Kinect camera has been used in about 35% of the studies. This review concentrates on using machine learning techniques to evaluate motion in rehabilitation. The most relevant research for physiotherapy evaluation using deep learning have shown that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used by 44% of the researcher. A useful overview the collection of the reference datasets illuminates that the KIMORE dataset is popular and used by 38% as compared with other types of datasets. The advanced literature in the present peer-reviewed paper (2016–2022), includes primary studies and organized reviews.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Microplastic Particles in Tap Water on The Right Side of Mosul City, Iraq 对伊拉克摩苏尔市右侧自来水中塑料微粒的评估

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.140745.1257

Rasha Sabri, Mhmood Sultan, Kossay Al-Ahmady

{"title":"Assessment of Microplastic Particles in Tap Water on The Right Side of Mosul City, Iraq","authors":"Rasha Sabri, Mhmood Sultan, Kossay Al-Ahmady","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.140745.1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.140745.1257","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, microplastics (MPs) contamination has become a serious concern in water distribution systems. Few studies on microplastics' numbers and their characteristics have been described. The current study focused on the abundance, characteristics, and polymer type of plastic particles in the tap water within 16 sites on the right side of Al-Mosul city, including eight areas equipped by the Alayman aljadid drinking water treatment plant (AYJ-DWTP) and eight others that supplied by water from the Alayman alqadim plant (AYQ-DWTP). A stereomicroscope (SM) is used to detect MPs abundance and morphology by capturing images of plastic particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to distinguish polymer types. In this study, results elucidated that the presence of microplastics in the tap water of both the AYJ-water distribution network (WDN) and AYG-WDN ranged from 28 to 69 MPs/L, with an average of 45 ± 10 MPs/L. Fibres and fragments were the dominant form of microplastics, estimated for (89-91%) of total particles. The transparent colour of particles was the most abundant. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Nylon Polyamide (PA) were the most common polymers of MPs around (39%) and (21%), respectively. Statistical analysis was applied by ANOVA test. The PVC risk index was very high.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Investigation of a Ground-Coupled Warehouse Cooling System with an Underground Thermal Energy Storage Tank. 地下储热罐地面耦合仓库冷却系统性能研究。

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.140170.1253

Hatem Ismaeel, Hawraz M.

{"title":"Performance Investigation of a Ground-Coupled Warehouse Cooling System with an Underground Thermal Energy Storage Tank.","authors":"Hatem Ismaeel, Hawraz M.","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.140170.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.140170.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal performance parameters for a ground-coupled warehouse cooling system with an underground Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank are investigated in this study. The system comprises a warehouse, a cooling unit, and an underground TES tank. A MATLAB program was created to evaluate the system's performance on an hourly basis, considering various design parameters and operational conditions. To solve the hourly heat transfer to the surrounding TES tank, the similarity transformation and Duhamel's superposition principle are employed. The results indicate that the volume of the TES tank and the type of earth surrounding it are critical factors affecting the system's performance. Among the tested surrounding materials (granite, limestone, and clay earth types), granite exhibits the highest system performance. The results also reveal that the water temperature in the TES tank reaches a maximum of 25.33 °C in July, significantly below the maximum ambient air temperature of 45.67 °C, resulting in a higher COP of 3.42. This performance is achieved with a TES tank volume of 600 m3, a Carnot efficiency of 40%, and using granite as the earth type. Moreover, the system demonstrates periodic operation starting from the 9th year onwards, continuing for 15 years of operation. These improvements lead to significant energy savings and reduced environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An In-depth Comparative Study of Different ABET Accredited Computer Engineering Programs Using Self Assessment Reports 利用自我评估报告对不同ABET认证计算机工程专业进行深入比较研究

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137672.1224

Qutaiba Ali

{"title":"An In-depth Comparative Study of Different ABET Accredited Computer Engineering Programs Using Self Assessment Reports","authors":"Qutaiba Ali","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137672.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137672.1224","url":null,"abstract":"Universities all across the world give academic accreditation for degree programs significant attention. This makes sense given that accreditation not only improves the programs' content and delivery but also enables these institutions to recruit teachers and staff of the highest caliber. The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is one reputable organization with the authority to accredit Engineering programs. A rising number of academic institutions are requesting ABET accreditation for their computing programs in an effort to raise the standard of their academic programs and student enrollment. This paper's additional value is that it serves as a road map for institutions and their management as they prepare to begin the process of accrediting their computing (or other) programs. The lack of information on the mechanics of implementation presents a problem because it leads to confusion and resource waste, especially in the early stages. Additionally, there is a dearth of literature accessible describing methodology and the use of effective accreditation strategies for computer programs. In light of this, it is necessary to record the methodology, instructional practices, and tactics used by various institutes as they work towards accreditation.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of FFT Based Frequency Estimation Using Different Interpolation Techniques 基于FFT的不同插值技术频率估计的比较研究

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.139624.1250

Gamze Cabadağ, Ömer Karal

{"title":"A Comparative Study of FFT Based Frequency Estimation Using Different Interpolation Techniques","authors":"Gamze Cabadağ, Ömer Karal","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.139624.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.139624.1250","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a commonly used method in electronic support systems for frequency parameter estimation. If the frequency of the radar signal is not an exact multiple of the frequency resolution, the frequency of this signal will usually appear in an inter-line position when FFT is applied. To improve the accuracy of the estimated frequency, interpolation techniques are used to find the peak between two spectral lines. In this study, the frequency of the radar signal is estimated by employing three different interpolation techniques (Ding, Voglewede and Hanning window based interpolation) to the output obtained by applying N-point FFT to the intermediate frequency (IF) signal. In addition, unlike the literature, the behavior of signals contaminated with Laplace noise as well as Gaussian noise were analyzed with these three techniques and their performances were compared. From the analysis results, Ding and Voglewede techniques reduced error rate at all frequency. However, the Hanning window-based interpolation method improved the frequency accuracy values at 500MHz and 750MHz, but it increased the error at 250MHz and 1000MHz frequencies. The error rates of the estimated frequencies can be sorted from the lowest to the highest as follows: Ding, Voglewede and Hanning window based interpolation.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Daily Flow to the Great Zab River Using Artificial Neural Network Models 基于人工神经网络模型的大扎布河日流量预测

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137478.1219

Ryam Ahmad, Abdel Wahab Younes

{"title":"Prediction of Daily Flow to the Great Zab River Using Artificial Neural Network Models","authors":"Ryam Ahmad, Abdel Wahab Younes","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137478.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137478.1219","url":null,"abstract":"The daily flow of rivers is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and plays an important role in the planning and management of various water resources projects, as the process of predicting such flow is very necessary in the operation of reservoirs, planning to prevent flooding and estimating water abundance or scarcity. This study aims to use two types of neural network models to predict the daily flow to the Great Zab river basin in the Northern Iraq region for the period (2012- 2021). Two types of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are investigated and evaluated for flow forecasting of river. The first one is the Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), and the second is the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP). Data has been analyzed by comparing the simulation outputs delivered by models with two performance indices named as (a) correlation coefficient and root mean square errors, which can be denoted by (R^2) and (RMSE) respectively. The results showed that the neural network MLP structured (3-14-7-1), able to predict the daily flows in Eski-kelek station on correlation coefficient and root mean squared-errors (0.91, 51.7), respectively.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends Analysis of Long-Term Meteorological Data 长期气象资料趋势分析

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137337.1217

Ayman Hamid

{"title":"Trends Analysis of Long-Term Meteorological Data","authors":"Ayman Hamid","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137337.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137337.1217","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the potential impacts of climate change on meteorological data is likely to be more reliable in the design of hydrological systems. One of the recognized methods for the assessment the influence of climate changes by analyzing the weather data. The study aims were inspecting the maximum, minimum temperature and rainfall data for any discernible trends in the city of Delhi between 1901 – 2010 periods. Mann-Kendall non-parametric test including correlation was adopted to analyze the available data for three periods: 1901-2010; 1901-1955 and 1956-2010. Annual, monsoonal and pre-monsoon rainfalls have been examined for trends analysis. Results show that the maximum and minimum annual temperatures exhibit an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. On the other hand, monsoonal and annual rainfall shows increasing trends. A strong negative correlation is noted between annual rainfall and annual maximum temperature for 1901-1955 and 1956-2010 periods as well as for the entire period of analysis. A strong negative correlation is also noted between the monsoonal rainfall and the annual maximum temperature. In addition to previous findings, a noticeable correlation is shown between minimum temperature and annual rainfall for 1956-2010 periods of records. However, a weak and negative correlation was reported between minimum temperature and annual rainfall for the periods between 1901-1955 and 1956-2010.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Solid Particle Erosion of Composite Materials: Review Paper 复合材料的固体颗粒侵蚀:综述

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.139286.1247

Abdul-jabbar Al-Baggoua, Abdulhaqq Hamid

{"title":"A Solid Particle Erosion of Composite Materials: Review Paper","authors":"Abdul-jabbar Al-Baggoua, Abdulhaqq Hamid","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.139286.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.139286.1247","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of erosion on the economy is widely acknowledged, with solid particle erosion (SPE) being recognized as one of the most significant forms of erosion resulting from the collision of solid particles with materials. While studying and comprehending erosion can be challenging, researchers have dedicated their efforts to this field and have devised models to anticipate the erosion rate of material elimination from the surface of an object, based on the material's response to solid particle impact. Most erosion models for composite materials take into account various physical and mechanical properties of the material, such as its density, porosity, modulus, strength, and fracture toughness. They also examine the characteristics of the particles that cause erosion, such as their size, shape, and hardness. Erosion models for composite materials are used to study the impact of different factors on erosion, such as the effect of particle size, velocity, and impingement angle. They are also used to optimize the design of composite materials and structures for specific applications and to evaluate the performance of protective coatings and erosion-resistant materials. Erosion models for composite materials can be either empirical or process-based. Empirical models use statistical relationships to predict erosion rates based on observed data, such as the size and shape of the particles, the velocity of the impacting particles, and the impingement angle. While the process-based models, on the other hand, use mathematical equations to simulate the physical processes that drive erosion, such as the deformation and fracture behaviour of the composite material under impact loading. Overall, erosion models for composite materials provide a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the complex processes that drive the erosion of composite materials, and for developing effective strategies to mitigate its impact on their performance and durability in various applications.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arabic/English Handwritten Digits Recognition using MLPs, CNN, RF, and CNN-RF 使用mlp, CNN, RF和CNN-RF的阿拉伯/英语手写数字识别

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138592.1236

M. Ghanim, Amena Mohammed, Aduwati Sali

引用次数: 0