AL Rafdain Engineering Journal最新文献

Solid State Devices Used in Combining Coding and Phase Modulation 用于组合编码和相位调制的固态器件

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137495.1221

Ziad Mohammed

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Drivers’ Attention By A Smart Binary Matching Machine to Avoid Accidents 智能二元匹配机提高驾驶员注意力，避免事故发生

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138781.1240

Orjuwan Abduljawad

{"title":"Enhancing Drivers’ Attention By A Smart Binary Matching Machine to Avoid Accidents","authors":"Orjuwan Abduljawad","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.138781.1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.138781.1240","url":null,"abstract":"Stress and sudden difficult situations have raised the risks of accidents down the roads. The drivers’ attention might be distracted out in seconds under unexpected circumstances, which could take place due to bad weather, vision problems, fatigue for long driving hours, damaged or broken Traffic light , and even children's noise inside the car. In this paper, I proposed to develop a special colourful Deep Back Propagation Neural Network to enhance drivers’ attention by observing different traffic light cases using a suggested smart binary matching machine system in Python. The smart machine system will analyse and identify the real Traffic light from art signs, broken or damaged ones; in addition to pedestrian signs based on a Database symbols for each case, which have taken the basic Traffic light and signs, and developed them to damaged cases or unreal one, before making the right decision by the learned network, then send an enhanced feedback signal to the driver. The algorithm consisted of accurate image processing steps, with two long stages of full contents features extraction vectors to be handled by Red-Yellow-Green Shallow and Deep Back Propagation Neural Networks (SBPNN) and (DBPNN) for each complex case. As a result, the algorithm rated a high accuracy of 100%, which is the most important factor to maintain safety, recoding the true label output as 1-value, with a predicated tested ouput 1.0-value. The suggested system does not replace the driver's one decision, yet it is an enhancing backup classification and recognition system before things move out of control. The feedback signal calculated based on reducing costs for 2500 iterations with The leas minimum value 000012,and can be developed as a voice signal warning Message, to increase the awareness of the drivers, besides the warning text on the screen.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution Power System Protected by Petersen Coil: Detection of Single Line to Ground Fault Using Deep Learning 彼得森线圈保护配电系统:基于深度学习的单线接地故障检测

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137579.1223

Qusay Mohammed, Abdulghani Al-Taei

{"title":"Distribution Power System Protected by Petersen Coil: Detection of Single Line to Ground Fault Using Deep Learning","authors":"Qusay Mohammed, Abdulghani Al-Taei","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137579.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137579.1223","url":null,"abstract":"In all fault detection techniques, fault signal feature extraction is crucial and challenging. Convolutional neural network and continuous wavelet transform (CNN)-the based technique of SLGF detection in distribution power system protected by Petersen coil proposed in this paper. By using the CWT on the zero-sequence current signals of the faulty feeder and healthy feeders, time-frequency RGB scale images acquired. A few RGB scale pictures under different types of faults circumstances, which will extract characteristics of RGB scale image adaptively, trained that which is CNN. A trained CNN could extract features and detect faulty feeder simultaneously. The distribution power system protected by Petersen coil simulated in MATLAB simulated and record the Zero Sequence Current ZSC and analyzed it by Orange big mining tool. The efficacy and the performance the suggested method for detecting faulty feeders are compared and confirmed under various faults scenarios, two methods for identifying faulty feeders on conventional machine learning and artificial feature extraction for comparison, concluded that The CNN best to detected the fault in different condition, for Test 1and Test 2 were classification accuracy 100%, and Test 3 was 99.5%, and Test 4 was 70.9%.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying the Global Climate Changes using Artificial Intelligence: An Overview 利用人工智能研究全球气候变化:综述

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137503.1222

Bashar Yahya

引用次数: 0

Mathematical Modelling and PID Controller Implementation to Control Linear and Nonlinear Quarter Car Active Suspension 线性与非线性四分之一汽车主动悬架控制的数学建模与PID控制器实现

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137327.1216

Mustafa Najm, Alaa Younis, Firas Majeed

{"title":"Mathematical Modelling and PID Controller Implementation to Control Linear and Nonlinear Quarter Car Active Suspension","authors":"Mustafa Najm, Alaa Younis, Firas Majeed","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137327.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137327.1216","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, linear and nonlinear designs of active suspension models are proposed to develop and improve quarter-car systems. To simplify stability assessment, a second-order system is proposed for both linear and nonlinear cases. The linear system consists of mass, spring, and damper components, while the nonlinear system includes the same components with additional nonlinear parts for stiffness and damper. Moreover, the state space of the linear and nonlinear is presented as a preparatory step before applying the analysis methods to validate the models. After that, the stability of linear and nonlinear systems is characterized using Matlab simulations to compare suspension performance parameters such as rise time (tr), settling time (ts), and peak overshoot (Mp). The simulation results of the linear system for each of tr, ts, Mp were0.097612sec, 2.3 sec, and 0.3839 cm, respectively, while the results of the nonlinear system were 0.52237 sec, 20.16 sec, and 0.3064 cm, respectively. In addition, the results for linear and nonlinear systems indicate the need to improve ride comfort and road handling using PID controller design. Consequently, it is possible to reach a better compromise than is possible using pure elements, without a controller). Finally, the active suspension system for both linear and nonlinear systems is improved through the application of a PID controller, resulting in the following values for the linear system: tr = 0.10721sec, ts = 1.693 sec, and Mp = 0.3682cm. Similarly, the nonlinear system showed improved performance with tr = 0.259775sec, ts = 1.325 sec, and Mp = 0.0734cm.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection and Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Short Circuit Faults of PMSM for Electric Vehicles Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning 基于深度强化学习的电动汽车永磁同步电机匝间短路故障检测与诊断

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138195.1229

Mohamad Mahfooth, Omar Mahmood

{"title":"Detection and Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Short Circuit Faults of PMSM for Electric Vehicles Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Mohamad Mahfooth, Omar Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.138195.1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.138195.1229","url":null,"abstract":"The fault diagnosis of electric vehicle motors is one of the exciting topics, and machine learning-based artificial intelligence proved its worth in this field. The primitive methods of machine learning, such as the support vector machine (SVM) and Artificial nural network (ANN) suffered from feature extraction problems, the efficiency of the system depended on the quality of these extracted features until deep learning and deep neural networks came to solve This problem, Although the efficient performance of the deep neural network, it needs excellent experience in selecting parameters and building the structure of the neural network. The emergence of deep reinforcement learning, capable of handling raw data directly and constructing end-to-end systems to link raw fault data with its corresponding mode, represents a significant advancement in the field of machine learning. Furthermore, deep reinforcement learning exhibits greater intelligence compared to previous methods. In this Research, Deep reinforcement learning will be applied in diagnosing inter-turn short circuit faults and finding the level of fault in the built-in wheel permanent magnet synchronous motor of electric vehicles. The proposed method proved highly effective for detecting faults, with an efficiency of 99.9 % and has a promising future in building a general system capable of predicting faults in the early stages.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Screen Walls’ Properties on Scour Downstream Sluice Gate 筛墙特性对下游水闸冲刷的影响

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.138602.1237

Ghufran Al-Rahhawi, Ghania A. Hayawi

{"title":"The Effect of Screen Walls’ Properties on Scour Downstream Sluice Gate","authors":"Ghufran Al-Rahhawi, Ghania A. Hayawi","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.138602.1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.138602.1237","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion is defined as the displacement of the bottom materials due to the flow energy and moving them to the farthest distance, which negatively affects the stability of the hydraulic structures. In this research, the effect of the properties of the screen walls on scour in open channels was studied. Therefore, the study included evaluating the effect of the diameters of the screen walls openings (φ), wall thickness (t), and the ratio of the distance of the screen walls from the gate to the height of the opening below the gate on the scour process. A total of 140 experiments were conducted in concrete channel including one size of gravel, two opening heights (4 and 5 cm) at the bottom of the gate, three diameters of the screen wall openings (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6) cm, two thicknesses of the screen wall (0.4 and 0.8) cm, one value of screen wall porosity (40%), using five discharges in the range of (50.06-27.98) l/sec when x=40d, 45d, and in the range of (44.8-23.68) l/sec when x=50d, 56.25d. The results showed that the screen walls with a diameter of (1.2) cm resulted in the lowest volume of the scour hole while experiments conducted without screen walls led to largest volume of scour hole. Moreover, the screen walls of (0.8) cm thickness leads to less volume of the scour hole as compared to those for the screen walls of (0.4) cm, especially for high discharge i.e. for high values of Fr number. Two empirical relations were proposed to compute the scour depth ratio and its length in term of dimensionless variables using dimension analysis.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil Reinforcement with Synthetic Fibers and Plastic Waste Materials: A Review 合成纤维与废旧塑料加固土壤的研究进展

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.140784.1260

Abdulrahman Aldaood, Farah Mishaal

引用次数: 0

Durability and Rutting Resistance of SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing Blowdown as a Sustainable Filler 含排污剂的sbs改性沥青混合料的耐久性和抗车辙性

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.142194.1273

Mohammed Al-Mohammed, A. Al-Hadidy

{"title":"Durability and Rutting Resistance of SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing Blowdown as a Sustainable Filler","authors":"Mohammed Al-Mohammed, A. Al-Hadidy","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.142194.1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.142194.1273","url":null,"abstract":"In the pursuit of a sustainable environment, and facing the threat of the continuous growth of solid waste in Iraq, this study investigated the impact of using blowdown, a carbon-sulfur byproduct material of sulfur purification, as a mineral filler on durability and rutting resistance in dense-graded asphalt mixtures using Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt. Three different blowdown rates (4%, 5%, and 6% by weight of aggregate) were used as potential calcium carbonate (CaCO3) replacements. Laboratory tests and parameters, including Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio (durability), and deformation strength, were conducted, and the results were analyzed statistically using Minitab software. The results showed that using 5% blowdown in SBS-modified asphalt mixtures increases the deformation strength, indirect tensile strength at 25 °C, Marshall stability, and Marshall quotient by 51.23%, 0.21%, 14.27%, and 31.44%, respectively, compared to the control mixture that contains CaCO3 filler indicating that using of blowdown as a filler in asphalt mixtures may offer benefits such as enhancing the cracking and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures while meeting Marshall properties and moisture susceptibility standards and the potential to provide financial advantages and reduce landfill use.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study of the Homogeneity of Climatic Data for Rain, Temperature and Humidity for Nineveh Governorate 尼尼微省雨、温、湿气候资料的同质性研究

AL Rafdain Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.137763.1225

Hasan Al-Bazaz, Omar A.

{"title":"A Study of the Homogeneity of Climatic Data for Rain, Temperature and Humidity for Nineveh Governorate","authors":"Hasan Al-Bazaz, Omar A.","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.137763.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.137763.1225","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, climatic changes have had a greater impact on the hydrological cycle, leading to continuous changes in climate on both temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the credibility and homogeneity of the data, so when conducting any study in the field of climate and hydrological change, the homogeneity of the data used must be tested. In the current study, eight climatic stations distributed in Nineveh Governorate were selected, using climatic data represented by (rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, and maximum and minimum humidity) for the time period 1990-2020. Four statistical methods were used, namely, Von Neumann test (VONT), Standard Normal Homogeneity test (SNHT), Buishand test (BRT) and the Pettitt test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the monthly rainfall was homogeneous for all stations except for three months (2, 2, 11) for the stations of Tal-Abta, Ba’aj, and Al-Sheikhan. As for the temperature and humidity, they were heterogeneous for most of the stations, as the percentages for months that were heterogeneous in temperature reached 35% and 42% for the maximum and minimum, respectively. As for the humidity, the percentage of the heterogeneous months were 18% and 14% for the maximum and minimum, respectively. The study showed that the SNHT and VON tests are the most sensitive to the breakpoint and the Pettitt test is the least sensitive in most tests. The heterogeneous climatic data were also corrected by using the double mass curve method and converted into homogeneous climatic data.","PeriodicalId":474337,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0