Policy and Society最新文献_第7页

When bargaining is and is not possible: the politics of bureaucratic expertise in the context of democratic backsliding 当讨价还价是可能的和不可能的时候:民主倒退背景下的官僚专家政治

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad023

Natália Massaco Koga, Ana Paula Karruz, Pedro Lucas de Moura Palotti, Marcos Luiz Vieira Soares Filho, Bruno Gontyjo do Couto

{"title":"When bargaining is and is not possible: the politics of bureaucratic expertise in the context of democratic backsliding","authors":"Natália Massaco Koga, Ana Paula Karruz, Pedro Lucas de Moura Palotti, Marcos Luiz Vieira Soares Filho, Bruno Gontyjo do Couto","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad023","url":null,"abstract":"In looking at the complex relationship between expertise and power in policymaking, what is amiss are studies on how the expertise exchange bargain between politicians and bureaucracy works in practice, especially in antidemocratic contexts. To deal with this limitation, we use Christensen’s (Christensen, J. (2022). When bureaucratic expertise comes under attack. Public Administration) expertise bargain change model for examining the authority transaction between politicians and bureaucrats. Upon external shocks, such as democratic backsliding with the sidelining of policy advice, the extant expertise bargain is challenged. We explore how the bureaucracy acted toward the government’s adversarial (and even antagonistic) stance and how that relationship toward the expertise bargain changed in two policy areas in Brazil (health and environment) during Bolsonaro’s administration (2019–2022). Notably, this article relies mainly on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with bureaucrats who provided expertise to the government on these policy areas during the Bolsonaro administration’s transition. Ancillary documentary sources were examined to detail the strategies of attack from government toward bureaucratic expertise and ancillary documentary sources of quantitative data from a survey with bureaucrats fielded during the Bolsonaro administration’s first year. Results show three factors that condition bureaucratic expertise’s resilience: the nature of the attack (local or extensive), the knowledge base’s and epistemic community’s level of cohesion, and the advice system’s degree of institutionalization. This case study sheds light on how different policy advice arrangements respond and function under antidemocratic contexts, allowing the application and enrichment of policy expertise literature outside regular democratic politics.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"110 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Citizensourcing policy advisory systems in a turbulent era 动荡时代的公民采购政策咨询系统

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad017

M. Jae Moon, Seulgi Lee, Seunggyu Park

{"title":"Citizensourcing policy advisory systems in a turbulent era","authors":"M. Jae Moon, Seulgi Lee, Seunggyu Park","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad017","url":null,"abstract":"Extending previous works on major changes in policy advisory systems (PASs), such as externalization (locus) and politicization (government control), this study examines whether and how democratization (citizensourcing) of PASs works based on the case of the Kwanghwamun Citizensourcing Policy Platform, which operated for 4 years under the Moon Jae-in administration in South Korea. Analyzing more than 11,000 policy suggestions proposed by ordinary citizens on the digital policy platform, this study investigates how citizensourced policy ideas are discussed, incubated, and finally adopted through interactions among ordinary citizens, policy experts, and government agencies. Based on the belief that the operation of PASs becomes increasingly complicated and often dysfunctional as societies face more “wicked”, cross-cutting, and volatile policy problems than ever, this study argues that citizensourcing policymaking is critical to ensuring policy legitimacy and receptivity. This study suggests that both the quality and features of citizensourced policy ideas are important for advancing policymaking processes. This study also finds that political cycle and active citizen policy entrepreneurs are also critical factors, while it shows noteworthy limits on the quality and features of citizensourced policy ideas, which, in fact, lead to a frustratingly low policy adoption rate. This study suggests that governments need to actively capitalize on the power of ordinary citizens as citizen experts, while the shortcomings and risks of citizensourcing PASs also need to be carefully addressed.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"110 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“I do not consent”: political legitimacy, misinformation, and the compliance challenge in Australia’s Covid-19 policy response “我不同意”:澳大利亚应对新冠肺炎政策中的政治合法性、错误信息和合规挑战

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad018

M. Dowling, Tim Legrand

{"title":"“I do not consent”: political legitimacy, misinformation, and the compliance challenge in Australia’s Covid-19 policy response","authors":"M. Dowling, Tim Legrand","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the relationship between policy compliance, the emergence of alternate epistemes and authorities in online spaces, and the decline of trust and legitimacy in democratic institutions. Drawing on insights from public policy, regulation theory, and political theory, the paper critically engages with scholarship on “policy-takers” to illuminate the tensions of compliance and legitimacy in liberal states. It proposes a compliance–legitimacy matrix that identifies the features of policy compliance—including consent, legitimacy, expertise, and trust—and their relationship to the disaggregation of policy knowledge. The article applies this framework to a case study of social media posts that respond to policy information during the management of the Covid-19 pandemic in Australia. Through analysis of these posts, the study reveals the distrust in “the science” and experts advocated by government and the calls from skeptic groups for noncompliance with public health measures. The paper argues that public policy faces an epistemic crisis of public confidence, with significant downstream consequences for compliance with public policy initiatives that has been brought on both by the failures of states to cultivate trust in science and the government. The compliance–legitimacy matrix offers a useful tool for policymakers to anticipate and address objections from policy-takers and to preempt and diffuse their fears.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76339727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the crisis management of the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of inquiry commission reports in Norway and Sweden 评估COVID-19大流行的危机管理:对挪威和瑞典调查委员会报告的研究

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad020

Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid

引用次数: 1

Pragmatism, partnerships, and persuasion: theorizing philanthropic foundations in the global policy agora 实用主义、伙伴关系和说服:全球政策舞台上的慈善基金会理论化

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad016

Janis Petzinger, T. Jung, K. Orr

引用次数: 0

Exclusion by design: a case study of an Indian urban housing subsidy scheme 设计排斥:印度城市住房补贴计划的案例研究

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad015

Manav Khaire

{"title":"Exclusion by design: a case study of an Indian urban housing subsidy scheme","authors":"Manav Khaire","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad015","url":null,"abstract":"The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban)—Housing for All mission (PMAY-U), a flagship mission of the Government of India, aims to address the need for affordable housing in urban areas through five different schemes. One of these schemes is a housing subsidy scheme, the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), which has significantly contributed to the success of PMAY-U. However, the design of the CLSS scheme favors households considered creditworthy, with stable and secure income streams. This article examines the gap between the policy design and practice of the CLSS scheme to explore how biases get embedded into the policy, resulting in the exclusion of economically vulnerable households. Schneider and Ingram’s Social Construction of Target Population (SCTP) framework is used to identify the target groups involved in the CLSS policy chain. These target groups and policymakers were interviewed to understand their interpretations of the concept of affordable housing. Using a relational lens, these interpretations are compared to know how the meanings of affordable housing get represented within CLSS policy documents. The analysis presents two key insights. First, the power and interests of the target groups predict their representation in policy design and policymaking. Second, privatized implementation design of the subsidy scheme embeds negative selectivism creating exclusionary tendencies in the CLSS design. Lastly, given the shrinking of the welfare state across the globe, this study raises the critical question of “who benefits and who loses?” while challenging the normative aspects of the policy goal of affordable housing.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accountability enablers? The role of transnational activism in the use of the multilateral development bank grievance mechanisms 问责推动者?跨国行动主义在使用多边开发银行申诉机制中的作用

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad014

Eda Gunaydin, Susan Park

{"title":"Accountability enablers? The role of transnational activism in the use of the multilateral development bank grievance mechanisms","authors":"Eda Gunaydin, Susan Park","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The proliferation of concerns over the transparency, accountability, and democracy of international organizations has contributed to an increase in accountability mechanisms to hold global governors to account, by both state and non-state actors. Much of the scholarly focus on this subject has been on how levers of accountability can improve global governance for Member States and actors seeking to improve decision-making, and thus outputs. This article instead examines how individuals and communities, or neglected publics, are using accountability mechanisms designed to provide them with recourse for environmental and social harm. It probes the use of the grievance mechanisms for the multilateral development banks to examine what kinds of actors use them (e.g., international nongovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or project-affected people [PAP]) and to what effect. To explore these questions, we analyze 500 complaints submitted to the grievance mechanisms of the World Bank Group; the Asian, African, and Inter-American Development Banks; and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The results demonstrate that claims for recourse come from a range of primarily local actors, but that PAP in developing countries will more often achieve positive outcomes from the grievance mechanism process if they receive assistance from international and national nongovernmental organizations. These findings therefore demonstrate that transnational activists can fulfill a facilitating role as “accountability enablers” and that domestic representatives are especially effective in problem-solving processes, while international representatives are especially effective in compliance processes.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73595606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The vicious circle of policy advisory systems and knowledge regimes in consolidated authoritarian regimes 巩固的专制政权中政策咨询体系和知识体系的恶性循环

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad013

Caner Bakir

{"title":"The vicious circle of policy advisory systems and knowledge regimes in consolidated authoritarian regimes","authors":"Caner Bakir","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad013","url":null,"abstract":"So far, interest in policy and political sciences has mostly centered around the varieties of policy advisory systems (PASs) and knowledge regimes in consolidated democracies rather than in consolidated autocracies, which largely remain as black boxes. Drawing on a hybrid literature review, this article aims to fill this gap. It reviews selected articles published between 1992 and February 2023 in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Social Science Citation Index database to not only to reveal the current state of empirical and theoretical knowledge and persistent knowledge gaps but also to offer an integration of the literature that leads to a preliminary conceptual framework in this emerging topic. In doing so, it contributes to the body of knowledge on this topic in three main ways. First, it provides a comprehensive review of PASs in consolidated autocracies to identify the central features of policy knowledge production within and across autocracies. Second, it proposes “the vicious circle of authoritarian PAS and knowledge regime” as a conceptual approach. In doing so, it takes a modest step toward a holistic conceptualization and synthesis of this literature to date. Third, it establishes connections between fragmented literature studies; identifies theoretical, conceptual, empirical, and methodological gaps; and proposes suggestions concerning promising paths for future research.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Speaking good to power: repositioning global policy advice through normative framing 对权力说好话:通过规范框架重新定位全球政策建议

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad012

Leslie A Pal

引用次数: 1

The politics of COVID-19 experts: comparing winners and losers in Italy and the UK COVID-19专家的政治:比较意大利和英国的赢家和输家

IF 9.3 1区社会学

Policy and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puad011

Paul Cairney, Federico Toth

{"title":"The politics of COVID-19 experts: comparing winners and losers in Italy and the UK","authors":"Paul Cairney, Federico Toth","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad011","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the “politics of experts”—or the struggle between scientific advisers to gain visibility and influence—in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the UK. Modifying classic studies of policy communities of interest groups and civil servants, we classify relevant policy experts in the two countries into the following categories: “core insiders,” “specialist insiders,” “peripheral insiders,” and “outsiders.” Within these categories, we distinguish between “high-profile” and “low-profile” experts, depending on media exposure. The comparison between the UK and Italian cases helps to identify how actors interpret and follow formal and informal “rules of the game.” We identify a contest between experts to influence policy with reference to two competing “rules of the game.” The first set of rules comes from government, while the second comes from science advice principles. These rules collide, such as when governments require secrecy and nonconfrontation and scientists expect transparency and independent criticism. Therefore, experts face dilemmas regarding which rules to favor: some accept the limits to their behavior to ensure insider access; others are free to criticize the policies that they struggle to influence.","PeriodicalId":47383,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Society","volume":"54 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1