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Psychological and Sociological Profile of Women Who Have Completed Elite Military Combat Training 完成精锐军事战斗训练的妇女的心理和社会学概况
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221076555
W. Tharion, K. Friedl, E. Lavoie, L. Walker, S. McGraw, H. McClung
{"title":"Psychological and Sociological Profile of Women Who Have Completed Elite Military Combat Training","authors":"W. Tharion, K. Friedl, E. Lavoie, L. Walker, S. McGraw, H. McClung","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221076555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221076555","url":null,"abstract":"More than 75 women have successfully graduated from the U.S. Army Ranger Course since the integration of women into elite military combat training. This study sought to identify the psychological characteristics and sociological variables that contributed to their motivation and success. A guided interview and demographic and psychological questionnaires were used to assess characteristics of 13 women who successfully completed elite military combat training. Collectively, these women were college graduates and had well educated fathers, possessed high levels of grit and resiliency, and described themselves as self-competitive challenge seekers. These women all had a strong male influence in their lives. The characteristics of these pioneer women may be unique from subsequent cohorts as female participation in elite military combat training becomes the norm and as attitudes and experiences change for graduates of female combat training over time.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"612 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89955757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Examination of the Relationship between Self and Choice of Coping Strategies among U.S. Active Duty Military Wives 美国现役军人妻子自我与应对策略选择关系的研究
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221081222
Amy P. Page, A. Ross, P. Solomon
{"title":"Examination of the Relationship between Self and Choice of Coping Strategies among U.S. Active Duty Military Wives","authors":"Amy P. Page, A. Ross, P. Solomon","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221081222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221081222","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research indicates that one’s identity relates to one’s use of specific coping strategies. Exploring the relationship between self and coping in military wives is crucial to understanding how they manage military lifestyle-related stressors. The researchers hypothesized that identity status, self-concept clarity, self-monitoring, mastery, and role conflict will be related to choice of emotion-focused coping or problem-focused coping strategies. Two hundred two participants completed an anonymous online survey containing standardized scales. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses revealed that emotion-focused coping had positive relationships with achieved identity status and role conflict. Problem-focused coping had positive relationships with moratorium status, self-concept clarity, self-monitoring, and mastery. Findings provide preliminary support that sense of self is important in understanding how military wives choose to cope with particular challenges.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"687 - 712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79093453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training for Heat-of-the-Moment Thinking: Ethics Training to Prepare for Operations 即时性思维训练:为行动做准备的道德训练
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221088325
Deanna L. Messervey, Jennifer M. Peach, Waylon H. Dean, Elizabeth A. Nelson
{"title":"Training for Heat-of-the-Moment Thinking: Ethics Training to Prepare for Operations","authors":"Deanna L. Messervey, Jennifer M. Peach, Waylon H. Dean, Elizabeth A. Nelson","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221088325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221088325","url":null,"abstract":"Military ethics training has tended to focus on imparting ethical attitudes and on improving deliberative moral decision-making through classroom instruction. However, military personnel can be exposed to extreme conditions on operations, which can lead to heat-of-the-moment thinking. Under stress, individuals are more likely to engage in automatic processing than deliberative processing, and visceral states such as anger and disgust can increase a person’s risk of behaving unethically. We propose that military ethics training could be improved by reinforcing classroom ethics training with interventions to counteract these risk factors. As training interventions, we recommend incorporating affect-labeling, goal-setting, and perspective-taking into realistic, pre-deployment training to make moral decision-making more robust against stress and other emotional experiences typical in combat. We outline steps researchers and trainers can take to test whether these interventions have the desired impact on ethical behavior.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"53 1","pages":"593 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engagement of Military Peacekeepers in Brazilian Politics (2011–2021) 军事维和人员参与巴西政治(2011-2021)
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221087254
R. Villa, A. Passos
{"title":"Engagement of Military Peacekeepers in Brazilian Politics (2011–2021)","authors":"R. Villa, A. Passos","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221087254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221087254","url":null,"abstract":"Peacekeepers are seen as a UN tool for promoting domestic changes in host countries, but little is known about the political consequences when officers return home. During the last 10 years, Brazilian presidents appointed a significant number of former peacekeepers to key political functions. How and why do former peacekeepers end up so involved in government affairs? To answer this question, this paper focuses on the array of skills acquired by peacekeepers in domestic missions and reinforced abroad. Drawing on a set of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to military, former political decision-makers, and researchers, as well as other primary and secondary sources, this paper details how political articulation, experience in conflict management, and prestige empowered Brazilian military officers to resume their tradition of intervention in politics. This paper also shows that peace operations can produce deleterious outcomes for troop-contributing countries in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"752 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80097982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
“Leaning In” or “Taking a Knee”: Career Trajectories of Senior Leaders in the Canadian Armed Forces “向前一步”还是“屈膝”:加拿大军队高级领导人的职业轨迹
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221078331
J. Coulthard, Justin Wright
{"title":"“Leaning In” or “Taking a Knee”: Career Trajectories of Senior Leaders in the Canadian Armed Forces","authors":"J. Coulthard, Justin Wright","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221078331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221078331","url":null,"abstract":"Less research has examined the extent to which external contexts and factors that influence an organizational member’s life choices also influence their career trajectories within the military, and particularly among those who advance to leadership positions at the General Officer/Flag Officer level. Interviews were conducted with 20 select General Officer/Flag Officers in the Canadian Armed Forces. As part of a secondary analysis of an exploratory qualitative study, we applied a Life Course Theory lens to better understand the intersections between the sociohistorical and cultural context of senior leader development, and the individual choices that the participants made that led to their ascent to their rank. This study provides insight into how the historical time and place, the timing in their lives, the linked lives they share with family, and the degree of agency they maintained over their life choices led participants to “lean in” rather than “take a knee.”","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"138 1","pages":"642 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73749521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“We Don’t Negotiate with Terrorists”—Afghanistan, Bargaining, and American Civil–Military Relations 《我们不与恐怖分子谈判》——阿富汗、讨价还价和美国军民关系
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221077299
Adam Barsuhn
{"title":"“We Don’t Negotiate with Terrorists”—Afghanistan, Bargaining, and American Civil–Military Relations","authors":"Adam Barsuhn","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221077299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221077299","url":null,"abstract":"The United States government’s inability to view the conflict with the Taliban through the lens of the bargaining model of war was a fundamental element of its failure in Afghanistan. This problem was reinforced by a dysfunctional civil–military relations shaped by Samuel Huntington’s theory of objective control, resulting in the military pursuing campaigns of attrition that fit its organizational preferences but did not advance civilian political goals. These issues are evident in three different moments during the War in Afghanistan where the U.S. failed to seize an opportunity that could have changed the result of the conflict.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"953 - 964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89962949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
U.S. Veterans and Civilians Describe Military News Coverage as Mediocre, Think Stories Affect Others More Than Themselves 美国退伍军人和平民认为军事新闻报道平庸，认为故事对他人的影响大于对自己的影响
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221080944
Scott Parrott, D. Albright, N. Eckhart, K. Laha-Walsh
{"title":"U.S. Veterans and Civilians Describe Military News Coverage as Mediocre, Think Stories Affect Others More Than Themselves","authors":"Scott Parrott, D. Albright, N. Eckhart, K. Laha-Walsh","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221080944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221080944","url":null,"abstract":"The news media often portray military veterans in stereotypical ways, providing audiences narrow representations in which veterans are traumatized heroes. What happens when a veteran sees these storylines and assumes they affect how the public thinks about veterans? This question informs this study, which used a two-prong approach (online, telephone) to survey 1,047 American adults about news media and veterans. Respondents, including veterans and civilians, were asked to recall news stories about veterans, assess the quality of news coverage of veterans, and offer opinions concerning whether news coverage affects themselves and other people. When respondents could recall a news story about veterans, they described stereotypical stories related to victimization/harm, heroism, charity/social support, mental illness, and violence. Respondents, both civilian and veteran, described news coverage as mediocre and felt the news affects other people more than themselves.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"713 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89397525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Handle Offending Troops Overseas: The U.S. Military’s Legal Strategy During the Cold War 如何处理海外冒犯军队:冷战期间美军的法律战略
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211061423
A. Efrat
{"title":"How to Handle Offending Troops Overseas: The U.S. Military’s Legal Strategy During the Cold War","authors":"A. Efrat","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211061423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211061423","url":null,"abstract":"The peacetime deployment of U.S. forces in foreign countries goes against traditional notions of sovereignty. How did such deployment become legitimate following World War II? This article examines the legal strategy that the U.S. military employed to make American troop presence more palatable to foreign publics and to critics at home: granting certain legal authority over offending troops to host countries, while seeking to shield troops from trials in host-country courts. The military also used local, informal ties with hosts to guarantee fair legal treatment for troops and worked to convince skeptics that U.S. troops faced no legal threat. The mitigating of legal tensions helped the military create conducive political conditions for its presence abroad and likely contributed to the durability of U.S. deployments. The Cold-War practice contrasts sharply with the contemporary desire of the United States to maintain complete jurisdiction over its troops.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"489 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88177949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Link Between Conscription Experience and Conscripts’ Attitude Toward National Military Service at the End of Training: An Example from Estonia 兵役经历与训末服兵役态度的关系——以爱沙尼亚为例
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X221078883
Merle Parmak, David A. Tyfa
{"title":"The Link Between Conscription Experience and Conscripts’ Attitude Toward National Military Service at the End of Training: An Example from Estonia","authors":"Merle Parmak, David A. Tyfa","doi":"10.1177/0095327X221078883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221078883","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between the experience of conscripts in their training period and their subsequent attitude toward national military service immediately after training. Self-report questionnaire is used to measure the experiences of Estonian conscripts (n = 518) in three categories: perceived stress, applied coping strategies, and evaluation of training as important. Attitude toward national military service is measured as a critical versus neutral/positive answer to an open-ended question. We found that a perceived reduction in general quality of life, concerns about what is happening at home, and experiencing/expressing negative emotions were associated with a critical attitude. In contrast, taking a proactive outlook toward training and finding military-specific aspects personally important were associated with a more neutral/positive attitude. Our findings emphasize the importance of improving the conscription training experience in order to foster less critical attitudes toward service and are discussed from a person-environment perspective.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"393 1","pages":"662 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80175527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which Gap? – What Bridge? 哪些差距?-什么桥?
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211035820
A. Okros, Rebecca J. Jensen
{"title":"Which Gap? – What Bridge?","authors":"A. Okros, Rebecca J. Jensen","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211035820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211035820","url":null,"abstract":"The discourse around the bridging the gap debate is seen to a unique sub-set of the social sciences in the United States as applied to a unique American approach to security. This article looks beyond US National Security and the practices of the discipline of political science at US universities to address, and expand on, some specific ideas in Michael Desch’s volume The Cult of the Irrelevant. We offer that an integrative assessment of how scholarly work can best inform security policies and practices requires more critical examination in four domains: consideration of how different disciplines frame key issues and speak to each other; understanding the dynamics of the policy marketplace; assessments to alternate ways to frame security and national security; and requirements to critical challenge the privilege academics have awarded themselves as the purveyors (and gatekeepers) of ‘knowledge’ and the ‘truth’.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"59 1","pages":"26 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86899693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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