Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Structure and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus in Liver Cirrhosis & Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review","authors":"Nazia Hasan Khan","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68061","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection include liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acute infection is usually asymptomatic, and chronic hepatitis is common. Hepatic involvement is crucial leading to liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. Pathogenesis of HCC is not yet completely understood. We tried here to discuss the structure of HCV, immune-pathogenesis, development of cirrhosis and carcinoma in diminutive and unpretentious arrangement.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):1-2","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xpert MTB/RIF assay among the extra-pulmonary and non-sputum respiratory samples: One year experience at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Bangladesh","authors":"Adeeba Khanduker, Sadia Sharmin, Shamim Hossain, Tanvir Huda, Farzana Mahzabin Monika, Elma Mostofa, S M Mostofa Kamal, Afroza Begum, Md Roknuzzaman Khan, S M Abdur Razzaque, Pronab Kumar Modak, Md Shirajul Islam","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68139","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the paucity of suitable rapid diagnostic tools. Objectives: The aim was to assess the frequency of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Xpert MTB /RIF assay among the extra-pulmonary and non-sputum respiratory samples (NSRS) along with demographic profile, life style variables and proportion of Rifampicin resistant TB among those specimens. Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) from January 2018 to December 2018 for period of 1 year. Total 3918 extra-pulmonary and non-sputum respiratory samples from suspected TB patients were enrolled. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance was performed by Xpert MTB /RIF assay and culture in both liquid and solid media. Results: Among 3918 samples, 3152 were new cases and 766 were previously treated TB cases. A total of 853 (21.77%) MTB were detected by Xpert MTB /RIF assay. Among them, 713 (83.59%) were extra-pulmonary and 140 (16.41%) were non-sputum respiratory samples. Lymph node (LN) aspirates and tissues were the most frequent (37.9 and 9.9%) samples of EPTB. The proportion of RR cases among EPTB was 2.8% and 6.3% among new and previously treated cases. And 2.6% and 11.1% among NSRS new and previously treated cases respectively. Conclusion: This study will give an insight of EPTB and NSRS profile with a view to diagnostic and therapeutic approach in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):21-28","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Age Dependent Bacteriological Etiology of Community-Acquired Blood Stream Infection","authors":"Nafisa Rashid, Ritu Shaha, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Nasrin Akhter Maya, Asma Ul Hosna","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bloodstream infection constitutes one of the most serious situations in infectious disease. Objective: The purpose of the presents study was to determine the gender and age dependent etiology of community- acquired urinary blood stream infection. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of blood samples from clinically suspected cases of blood stream infection. Samples were collected at Ad-din Women’s Medical College Hospital, Dhaka & Rushmono Specialized Hospital, Dhaka from January 2018 to September 2018. All the samples were collected from inpatient’s and outpatient’s department of our hospital during the study period and processed in Microbiology laboratory. The BD BACTEC FX40 automated blood culture method was used to isolate bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 483 (16.1%) pathogens were isolated from 3018 bacteremia suspect patient blood specimens. Gram-negative cocci (58.4%) were predominant organisms recovered followed by Gram-positive bacilli (41.6%). Majority of BSI were caused by Gram negative bacteria predominantly Salmonella Typhi (31.1%). Salmonella species was found less prevalent in the children (55%) and more frequent in the age groups 16 to 30 years (85.0%) and more than 60 years (100.0%). Acinetobacter species was found less prevalent in age group 16 to 30 years (7.5%). Escherichia coli was found only few prevalent in the 1 to 15 (0.5%) and higher frequent in the age groups 16 to 30 years (2.5%). Salmonella species isolates appeared to be sensitive to ceftriaxone (91.3%), meropenem (90.7%) and cotrimoxazole (76%). Sensitivity rates of ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and levofloxacin were 87.3% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS). Conclusion: Both patients’ age and gender are significant factors in determining bloodstream infection. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):3-9","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Noor E Jannat Tania, S M Shamsuzzaman, Aminul Islam, Md Maminur Rahman, Khadijatul Kubra","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus, mainly a hospital acquired infection is responsible for many suppurative lesions and has demonstrated the ability of developing resistance to many antimicrobial agents leading to life threatening infections and long hospital stay. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus in different clinical specimens isolated from hospital admitted patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 in the Microbiology Department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pus, wound swab and blood samples were included in this study. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus was based on culture, microscopy and different biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method using Kirby-Bauer technique. Results: Among 275 clinical specimens 21.63% Staphylococcus aureus were isolated among which 21.93% were isolated from pus and wound swabs and 19.05% from blood samples. Most of the Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin (68.89%) followed by clindamycin (66.67%), ampicillin (40%), linezolid (31.11%), amikacin (26.67%) and teicoplanin (24.44%). Conclusion: In conclusion there is a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples of hospitalized patients and it has shown alarmingly resistance to many of common antimicrobials. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):29-33","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge on Oral Hygiene Maintenance of Children Aged 6 to 9 Years Attending at the OPD of a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Dhaka City","authors":"Md Shafiul Alam, Abu Mohammad Shahed, Fahmida Binte Mesbah, Mohammad Ahtashamul Haque, Md Shafiul Azam, Md Anower Hussain Mian","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68088","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge from pre-primary school about the prevention of dental caries is better before the disease process has starte. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the knowledge of oral health maintenance among the children of 6 to 9 years old such as regular tooth brushing, uses of oral hygiene aids and dental attendance to maintain their good oral health for a life time. Methodology: This cross-sectional study conducted in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh study was carried out from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 175 participants children aged 6-9 years attending at the OPD with dental Caries in Dhaka Dental College Hospital were the study population. The study population were Included Children aged 6 to 9 years in Dhaka dental college and hospital who were available and wished to participate. The questionnaire was used in this study pre-tested before the data collection, data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Results: A total of 175 participants children aged 6 to 9 years attending at the OPD with dental Caries in Dhaka Dental College Hospital were the study population. The knowledge according to the correct method of tooth brushing to keep healthy teeth which were significant with their age and education. The study revealed the knowledge according to the correct method of tooth brushing to keep healthy teeth which were not significant among both gender (P=0.000038) and level of education (P=0.00001). The knowledge according to cleaning teeth and mouth after each meal to keep healthy teeth which were significant only with their age (P=0.00027) and same as knowledge according the to relation of food or drinks with healthy teeth which were significant with their age(P=0 .00729) and education significant level (P=0.001185), the knowledge according to poor oral health causes of dental problem which were significant with their education level (P=0.002524) and knowledge to the necessity of dental check-up at least once in year which were significant with their age(P=0.04237) and education level (P=0.002524). Conclusion: In conclusion, it is found that a significant association between the education level and age of children have good knowledge of oral health hygiene to prevent dental caries among the young children who are more prone to develop the diseases. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17 (1):15-20","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Validity of Flagellin Gene (fliC) in Urine for the Detection of Typhoid Fever","authors":"Nasreen Jahan, Naila Huq, Md Abdullah Yusuf, Md Shahed Morshed, Farida Khatun Chhobi, S M Shamsuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accurate diagnosis of typhoid fever is important issue for the treatment of the patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nested PCR for the diagnosis of suspected cases of typhoid fever targeting the flagellin gene (fliC) of Salmonella Typhi from urine. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka. Specimens were collected from OPD of DMCH, Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH), Dhaka and National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINSH), Dhaka from July 2013 to June 2014 for a period of one year. All suspected patients of typhoid fever irrespective of age, sex and history of antibiotic intake who attended the OPD of DMCH, DSH and NINSH were selected for this study. Diagnosed cases of febrile illness other than typhoid fever were excluded from the study. Blood and urine were collected and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer modified disc-diffusion technique. Widal test and CRP were performed. Nested PCR was performed in the urine and blood to detect the DNA of Salmonella Typhi. Results: Among 72 typhoid fever patients, 33(45.8%) were Widal test positive and 42(55.5%) were blood culture positive. Out of 30 blood culture negative patients nested PCR in urine was positive in 5(16.7%) cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of nested PCR in urine were 97.6%, 83.3%, 89.1%, 96.1% and 91.7% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion the nested PCR for the diagnosis of typhoid fever targeting the flagellin gene (fliC) of Salmonella Typhi from urine may be very useful diagnostic tool. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):34-39","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scope of Development of Vaccine against Antibiotic Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Current Perspective","authors":"Md Zaforullah Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68266","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Not Available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):1-2","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Infective and Non-Infective Etiology of Exudative Pleural Fluid Effusion: Experience of 50 Cases in Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Tanvir Mohith, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Tajin Zannat, Abdullah Md Abu Ayub Ansary, Mahnaz Syed, Mostofa Kamal","doi":"10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i1.68188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several diseases are responsible for the causation of exudative pleural fluid effusion among patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the etiologies of exudative pleural fluid effusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at medicine indoor department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet over a period of six month from October 2009 to March 2010. Patients who were admitted with pleural effusion were selected as the study population. Pleural fluid was collected by a physician. The laboratory tests were performed in the Department of Laboratory medicine of the Hospital. The different etiologies were determined by the different diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 50 cases were selected consecutively in the study. Out of 50 patients, 28.0% was in the range of 41 to 50 years followed by 26.0% between 31 to 40 years. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion and among 50 cases of effusion 30 were due to tuberculosis (60%). Malignancy was found as the 2nd common cause of exudative pleural effusion (24.0%). Pneumonia was found as the 3rd common cause of exudative pleural effusion (10.0%). Conclusion: In conclusion tuberculosis is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion followed by malignancy. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17(1):10-14","PeriodicalId":472568,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}