Annals of Innovation in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Haemoglobin Variants, ABO/Rh Blood Groups and their Associa-tions with Levels of Malaria Parasitaemia amongst Infected Subjects at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"S. Christian, Precious Nwaeri Okwu, Baridomamene Banaanyone Barivole, Dodoru Tuemi Robinson","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i2.217","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to associate haemoglobin variants, ABO/Rh blood groups with levels of malaria parasitaemia amongst infected subjects at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. ABO/Rh D blood groups were analyzed using monoclonal antisera, and haemoglobin electrophoresis was analyzed using the alkaline cellulose acetate electrophoresis method, while malaria parasites were identified by microscopic examination of stained blood films. Graph Pad Prism version 8.0 was used to statistically analyze odd ratios, confidence intervals, likelihood ratios and relative risks. All 147 subjects (87 females, 60 males) were positive for malaria (Plasmodium falciparum). For 3+ falciparum malaria, the order of infection for haemoglobin genotype was AA > AS/SS; ABO blood group was B > A > O > AB; Rh blood group was Rh D+ > Rh D-; gender was females > males at p > 0.05. At p > 0.05, for 2+ falciparum malaria: haemoglobin genotype was SS >AA > AS; ABO blood group was B > A > O > AB; Rh blood group was Rh D- > Rh D+; and gender was females > Males. At p > 0.05, for 1+ falciparum malaria infection: haemoglobin genotype was AS >AA > SS; ABO blood group was AB > O > A > B; Rh blood group was Rh D+ > Rh D-; and gender was males > females. Conclusively, 3+ Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection is common amongst individuals with: AA haemoglobin genotype, blood group B, Rh D+, and females; 2+ P. falciparum infection is common amongst individuals with: haemoglobin genotype AA, blood group B, Rh D-, and females; while 1+ P. falciparum malaria infection is common amongst individuals with: AS haemogobin genotype, blood group AB, Rh D+, and amongst males than females.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Fornix Rupture Due To Acute Ureteral Obstruction","authors":"João Marco Braz Scarpa Mariano Pereira, Luiz Carlos Maciel, José Vitor Santos Gomes, Leonardo de Oliveira Antunes, Guilherme Diego de Oliveira Barbosa, Lucas De Souza Gomes","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i2.209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal fornix rupture with fluid extravasation is a rare complication in cases of ureteral obstruction, which is usually caused by obstructive ureterolithiasis. The symptoms of renal fornix rupture are not very specific and can easily go unnoticed due to their underlying cause. \u0000Case representation: The present article reports a case of a patient of a 70-year-old, male, who was diagnosed with a ruptured renal fornix due to acute ureteral obstruction, following clinical assessment and a non-contrast CT scan. The proposed course of action was the endoscopic placement of a double J ureteral catheter. \u0000Conclusion: In the case described, the conservative treatment that was chosen by passing a double J catheter through the left ureter, for the patient proved to be an alternative to surgical treatment in the acute event, reducing the risk of possible complications from the operation. It was possible to conclude that although renal fornix rupture is a rare emergency with multiple etiologies, conservative treatment with urinary diversion using a double J ureteral stent was effective in solving the patient's acute condition.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Anti-seizure Drugs and Associated Factors among Children with Epilepsy in central Sudan","authors":"Salma Hassan Mohammed Eltahir, H. E. Babikir, Ibrahim Osman M. Omer Omer, ImadEldeen Mohammed Taj El Deen Taj El Deen","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i1.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i1.154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epilepsies are the most common neurological disorder in children worldwide. They result in disability or even death. Adherence to anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) is challenging for children with epilepsies.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 67 children with epilepsies age between (2-16 years of age) on follow up visits at neurology refer clinic at Wad Medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital; Central Sudan from February to July. 2022. Adherence to ASDs was measured using Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale eight – items (MMAS-8) translated to the local language. Descriptive analysis was conducted to calculate frequencies and percentages for categorical data, chi-square test for associated factors with adherence. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: Gender analysis showed that 36 (53.7%) of patients were males. Forty-eight (71.6%) had good adherence to their medications. Thirty-three (49.3%) had 1-12 seizures/year. Thirty-nine (58.2%) of participants had generalized seizures while 22 (32.8%) had focal seizures. Sixty-six (95.5%) of study patients on poly therapy had good adherences. Adherence was not found to be associated with sex, age, parental education, employment status, ASDs, duration of epilepsy, type of epilepsy, seizures frequency or monotherapy versus poly therapy (p value > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Levofloxacin Versus Amoxycillin/Clavulanic Acid Combined with Azithromycin in Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia","authors":"Vincent Musungu, Daniel Onguru, Patrick Onyango","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early initiation of antibiotics is highly recommended. In most CAP cases, multiple drug options are increasingly becoming available, but there is often a lack of evidence that allows for a direct comparison of the efficacy of one drug versus another. \u0000Aim: The main objective was to compare treatment outcomes using oral levofloxacin alone and combined azithromycin and amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid in outpatient treatment of Community-acquired pneumonia.\u0000Methods: This study was a prospective longitudinal design. Patients diagnosed with CAP were randomly assigned to first and second treatment groups. Community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed according to America Thoracic Society criteria. The sample size of 78 was arrived at by Yamane Taro (1967) formula. Every patient diagnosed and treated in the outpatient department who gave written consent to participate was enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups. Minors below 18 years were excluded from the study. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows version 26. An independent t-test compared the effectiveness of the two treatment groups. Changes in white blood cell count during the follow-up visits were done using a chi-square test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results. The majority, 33(50%) of the patients, were aged between 21 and 29 years, and over sixty percent, 42(63.6%) of participants were females. Of all the participants, 66(100%) had a cough and chest pain, 57(86.4%) had crackles, and about ten percent, 6(9.1%) had difficulty breathing at the time of admission into the study. About 29(43.9%) of patients had a fever at baseline, and 14(21.2%) had a respiratory rate between 16 and 29 breaths per minute at baseline. A combination of azithromycin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid was associated with statistically significant faster resolution of chest pains and cough (mean 1.7 and 3.14 days, respectively) compared to levofloxacin group (mean 2.21 and 3.71 days, respectively) in patients who had community-acquired pneumonia (p=0.009. There was no difference in fever resolution, time to crackles subsidence, resolution of difficulty in breathing, and change in white blood cell count in participants in the two treatment groups.\u0000Conclusions: Azithromycin combined with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid reduced chest pain in 1.70 days (SD=0.618) compared to levofloxacin alone (2.21 days, SD=1.204) (p=0.009). Azithromycin combined with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid reduced cough in 3.14 days (SD=0.789) versus levofloxacin alone (3.70 days, SD=0.588) (p=0.014). Hence, the azithromycin plus amoxycillin/clavulanic acid combination was found to be superior for managing CAP.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140397372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Administration of Bouillon Cubes on Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Renal Function Parameters in Female Albino Rats","authors":"Blessing B. Oodee, O. N. Briggs, Adline E. Ben-Chioma, E. O. Nwachuku","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i1.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i1.126","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the effects of administration of bouillon cubes on insulin resistance, lipid profile and renal function parameters in female albino rats.\u0000Methodology: A total of thirty-five (35) female albino rats, weighing between 120 and 150 grams, were used for the study. The bouillon cubes, Star Maggi and Knorr were administered daily to the rats, using an oral gavage tube for 90days. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the Glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and Cystatin C levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. The electrolytes, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and were determined using ion selective electrode method. Urea was determined using Urease-bertholet method. Creatinine was determined using the Jaffe-Slot method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by enzymatic methods. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from the Friedewald’s equation. Kidney sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique. Quantitative analysis of monosodium glutamate (MSG) content of the bouillon cubes was analyzed using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy while the sodium content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry according to the method of the American Public Health Association.\u0000Results: There were no significant differences (P>.05) in FPG, FPI and HOMA-IR in all the treatment groups. The mean cystatin C value in group E (High Dose Knorr) was significantly higher (P <.05) than the negative control and all other treatment groups. The results also show the mean sodium values in groups D (High Dose Maggi) and E (High Dose Knorr) were significantly lower (P <.05) when compared to the negative control. There were no significant differences (P >.05) in TC and HDL-C levels in the negative control, compared to the treatment groups. There were no significant differences (P >.05) in TG levels, except for group B (Low Dose Maggi) which significantly lower (P <.05) than the negative control. Also, there were no significant differences (P >.05) in LDL-C levels, except for group B (Low Dose Maggi) which significantly higher (P <.05) than the negative control. Histologic analysis of the kidneys of the treated groups showed histological changes in the architecture of the tissues indicating tissue distortion, acute tissue damage, glomerular nephritis and distorted capillaries and degeneration compared to the negative control group which showed no tissue distortion.\u0000Conclusion: Chronic exposure to bouillon cubes did not impact fasting plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in the treated rats. Chronic administration of Knorr cubes impacted the integrity of the kidney as levels of cystatin C and sodium were altered in the","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil/Lymphocytes Ratio and Haemoglobin Electrophoretic Pattern in an Undergraduate Student’s Population Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Chioma Favour Ndamati, S. Christian, E. Eze, T. C. Adias","doi":"10.59652/aim.v2i1.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i1.127","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a very cheap and accurate method of accessing inflammation and is fast emerging as a prognostic biomarker in many diseases. This study determines the Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and haemoglobin electrophoretic patterns in an undergraduate student’s population at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) undergraduate students aged between 17 and 30 years old were recruited for the study. Five millimeters (5ml) of venous blood was collected from each participants into ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer bottle for the determination of haemoglobin genotype using cellulose acetate electrophoresis method while the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was calculated from neutrophil and lymphocyte values obtained from BC 5000 Mindray Hematology Auto-Analyzer. The results obtained showed that the mean±SD value of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio was 1.21 ± 0.07 for male and 1.14 ± 0.06 for female participants with both within normal reference ranges and with no significant difference (p=0.4692). 100 (66.7%) subjects had haemoglobin genotype AA (HbAA) out of which 48 (32%) male, 52 (34.7%) female while 50 (33.3%) participants had haemoglobin genotype AS (HbAS) of which 24 (16%) male, 26 (17.3%) female. No haemoglobin genotype SS/SC (HbSS/HbSC) traits were seen in the study population. Furthermore, results also showed that haemoglobin genotype and sex had no effects on the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p=0.05). This study shows a 66.7%, 33.3%, and 0% expression for HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS/HbSC, respectively, and that the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio is within the normal reference range. Further studies to include other haemoglobin variants such as haemoglobin SS (HbSS) and haemoglobin SC (HbSC) is recommended.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lion’s Mane Mushroom- From Culinary to Medicine","authors":"Gilbert David, Jessica Williams","doi":"10.59652/aim.v1i2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Lion's Mane, a distinctive mushroom found across the Northern Hemisphere, has captivated the world with its unique appearance and potential health benefits. This article explores the diverse facets of Lion's Mane, from its taxonomy and habitat to its rich nutritional composition, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and an array of biologically active compounds, notably polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. Lion's Mane is emerging as a potent dietary supplement, with research highlighting its positive impact on brain health, nerve recovery, mood stabilization, gastric health, heart health, blood sugar regulation, cancer prevention, and immunity enhancement. While Lion's Mane offers promising health benefits, it is essential to recognize its role as a complementary dietary addition rather than a substitute for medical treatments. Fortunately, Lion's Mane is generally considered safe for prolonged consumption, with minimal reported side effects. As research continues to unveil the multifaceted potential of the Lion's Mane, it stands as a fascinating and versatile natural resource with the promise of contributing to improved well-being and longevity.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":"Fatima Khurshid, Zaib Farooq, Ume Anum Ayesha, Shahzeb Chaudhry, Khadija Malik","doi":"10.59652/aim.v1i2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"A significant sign of coronary artery disease is the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Angina pectoris, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are just a few of the conditions that are grouped together under the general term “ACS.” The main cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease, which puts ACS under a heavy financial strain. Reduced blood flow to the heart, primarily as a result of plaque rupture and thrombus development, is a pathogenesis of ACS. Numerous risk factors, both modifiable (such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and inactivity) and non-modifiable (like age, gender, and inheritance), can lead to the development of ACS. Electrocardiography (ECG), clinical evaluation, history-taking, and cardiac biomarkers are all used in the diagnosis process. For the best management, prompt diagnosis and risk classification are essential. Reperfusion therapy, anti-anginal therapy, and renin-angiotensin blocking are a few of the suggested procedures in treatment techniques that aim to minimise myocardial ischemia and restore coronary blood flow. Long-term management also strongly depends on modifying one’s lifestyle, including giving up smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and obtaining rehabilitation. Acute cardiac failure, ventricular septum or papillary muscle rupture, arrhythmias, recurrent angina, and other consequences of ACS are also highlighted in the paper. The prognosis varies depending on variables, including persistent myocardial injury and the existence of ventricular arrhythmias; an unfavourable prognosis is frequently related to arrhythmias and is associated with poor left ventricular function. . This article offers a thorough review of ACS and gives readers important information about its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Valentina Ivanovna","doi":"10.59652/aim.v1i2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.53","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the profound significance of the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide. With no current cure for AD, early detection stands as a cornerstone in managing the disease. Early diagnosis not only enables symptomatic treatment to enhance the quality of life but also facilitates proactive planning, addressing health care and living arrangements for the future. Additionally, early diagnosis can promote participation in clinical trials, granting patients access to emerging treatments. An essential component to this early detection is a robust understanding of the disease's causes. The paper examines the pathological indicators, such as beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, while highlighting the multifaceted origins of AD encompassing genetics, environmental factors, inflammation, and potential links with other diseases. An in-depth discussion on the influence of the environment further illustrates the complex interplay between genetics and external factors. Toxic chemicals, lifestyle choices in western societies, and other environmental determinants are scrutinized for their potential role in AD onset. In summary, the piece underscores the importance of a holistic understanding of Alzheimer's etiology, emphasizing that only through comprehensive knowledge can we aspire to identify, manage, and ultimately find a cure for this debilitating condition.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical decision-making theories","authors":"Kanat Yakubovich","doi":"10.59652/aim.v1i2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical decision-making is a cornerstone of healthcare, influencing patient diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care. This article explores the multifaceted nature of clinical decision-making, emphasizing its significance, challenges, and implications for modern healthcare. It delves into three primary decision-making theories: the rationalist approach, which prioritizes evidence-based decision-making; the phenomenological approach, focusing on intuition and experience; and the hypothetic-deductive approach, which seeks a balance between the previous two. These theories, while offering valuable perspectives, must be applied with consideration of the complex factors that influence decision-making, including competence, confidence, organizational support, and the clinical environment. Ultimately, clinical decision-making is both an art and a science, demanding a nuanced understanding to ensure patient-centered care and improved healthcare outcomes.","PeriodicalId":472536,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Innovation in Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135303543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}