Physiotherapy Research International最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a screening tool for low physical activity in independently ambulating adults with knee osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Tetsuya Amano","doi":"10.1002/pri.2041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) can benefit from resistance training exercises, range of motion and flexibility maintenance, and low-load aerobic exercises, as per the relevant clinical guidelines. However, certain patients might be unable to progress to higher physical levels despite such physical therapy programs. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a screening tool for determining physical activity levels in individuals with OA undergoing standard physical therapy regularly, using likelihood ratios and predictive values.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This prospective observational study included 135 patients undergoing standard physical therapy for OA from six medical facilities. The primary outcome was low physical activity or moderate to high physical activity levels based on 1-month Self-Rating Frenchay activities index scores. Backward elimination was used to perform binomial logistic regression analysis after identifying the independent variables in a univariate logistic regression analysis. Among the independent variables adopted in the logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic analysis using Youden's index was performed for quantitative variables, which were converted to binary values at the cut-off points. Subsequently, the clinical prediction rule (CPR) was derived.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the binomial logistic regression analysis, age, knee flexion muscle strength, and visual analog scale (VAS) were risk factors for low physical activity, and the CPR was derived from these variables. The pre-test probability of the low physical activity group was 37.0% (50 out of 135 participants). For a total CPR score of three points (one point for each item: age ≤69 years, knee flexion muscle strength ≤0.36 Nm/kg, and VAS ≥33 mm), the positive likelihood ratio was 13.60 and the post-test probability increased to 88.9%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The CPR identified patients who might not benefit from the standard physical therapy program. This screening tool could improve patient management, allowing for more tailored approaches in physical therapy programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9776499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability after breast cancer surgery: Proposal of linkage between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the Grocery Shelving Task Test.","authors":"Conceição Aparecida Vitoriano Souza Silva, Grasiani Breggue Pires, Gabriela Santos Pereira, Soraia Micaela Silva, Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio","doi":"10.1002/pri.2057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To link the concepts measured by the Grocery Shelving Task Test (GST) to the codes and qualifiers of the activity and participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The linkage was performed by two professionals who applied the 10 standardized binding rules. The linking process was performed through the model of extraction and identification of the concepts that were found in each item of the GST Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GST test includes 1 domain of the activity and participation component (d4 mobility). The link with the qualifiers allowed quantifying the impairment of the limitations of activities in the postoperative period, being observed that 21.27% of the sample did not present any problem, 61.70% presented the qualifier \"0.1\" (mild problem), 8.50% had a moderate problem (qualifier '0.2') and 8.50% had a severe problem (qualifier '0.3'). No complete impairment was observed in any study participant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The linking of the GST to the ICF codes and qualifiers allowed quantifying the functional impairment in the postoperative period of breast cancer, allowing a comprehensive and standardized view, and being a guiding tool for treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and cranio-cervical flexor training on pain and function in chronic mechanical neck pain: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Vaishnavi Suresh, Prem Venkatesan, Karthik Babu","doi":"10.1002/pri.2058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic neck pain is known to be caused by the weakness of the deep neck flexors and disturbances in the mechanoreceptors and the proprioceptors of the cervical spine. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is hypothesized to balance the relative stiffness and weakness of the muscles and activate the mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate PNF techniques and the craniocervical flexor training (CCFT) techniques for pain and function in chronic neck pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 66 chronic mechanical neck pain patients randomly assigned to either the PNF or CCFT groups using block randomization for a duration of 4 weeks. Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck disability Index (NDI) and Active cervical range of motion (ACROM) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. Data were analysed using independent t test and MANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean difference scores for NPRS and NDI were 2.18 and 15.72 in PNF group and 2.26 and 15.76 in the CCFT groups, respectively. Both the groups showed a change that was statistically significant. Also, the mean differences for the ACROM in all the planes in both the groups were statistically significant. However, the between group changes did not reveal any statistical significance in this study except for the right rotation in the CCFT group (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study concluded that the PNF treatment is also beneficial to pain and function in treating chronic mechanical neck pain patients as its results stand similar to the CCFT treatment, which is already established to be a reliable tool to treat this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and usability of the MAK exoskeleton in patients with stroke.","authors":"C Cumplido-Trasmonte, E Barquín-Santos, E Garcés-Castellote, M D Gor-García-Fogeda, A Plaza-Flores, M Hernández-Melero, A Gutiérrez-Ayala, R Cano-de-la-Cuerda, A L López-Morón, E García-Armada","doi":"10.1002/pri.2038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in adults worldwide, and one of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of these patients is to recover the gait. New technologies have emerged to cope with this issue, complementing conventional therapy with the use of devices such as exoskeletons. The Marsi Active Knee (MAK) exoskeleton (Marsi Bionics SL, Madrid, Spain) has already been tested, but an updated version was improved to allow the patients to perform functional exercises. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and usability of the MAK in the stroke population as well as its potential clinical effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-group open label intervention trial was conducted. The device was used twice a week for 5 weeks during 1 h per visit. During the visits, sit-to-stand transitions, walking, stair climbing, trunk rotations, and weight-transfer exercises were performed using the device. Adverse events were collected from participants and therapists to assess safety. The Quebec User Evaluation of the Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) was used by both therapists and participants to assess usability. To evaluate its clinical effects, active range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength were assessed in the lower limb.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six participants with stroke were recruited. The device was shown to be safe since no serious adverse events were reported neither by patients nor by therapists. Every proposed exercise was performed. Regarding clinical effects, overall muscle strength showed an increase after the treatment, although ROM measurements did not show any difference.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that the MAK device is safe for stroke patients. Nevertheless, further changes to enhance usability are recommended, such as an improvement of the attachment system and an adaptation for the drop foot. Beneficial effects regarding increases in muscle strength were obtained. Further trials with a larger sample size, longer intervention periods, and a control group are needed to verify these results. Also, future research should focus on the usability of the MAK as an assistive technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different types of aerobic training on peak VO2 and ejection fraction for diastolic heart failure patients; a comparative randomized control trial.","authors":"Hany Ezzat Obaya, Ahmed Abd El-Moneim Abd El-Hakim, Hany Mahmoud Fares, Moustafa Kamal Eldin Saad, Tamer I Abo Elyazed","doi":"10.1002/pri.2044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure is described by a lack of confirmed efficient therapies and exercise intolerance. Engagement in physical activity decreases the possibility of adverse cardiovascular consequences involving heart failure.</p><p><strong>The purpose of the study: </strong>Determine the effect of different types of aerobic training on peak VO2 and ejection fraction in diastolic heart failure patients.</p><p><strong>Subject and methods: </strong>The study was designed as a randomized control trail. Forty-eight eligible male patients with diastolic heart failure, aged between 50 and 65 years old, enrolled in this study. They were picked up from Police hospital outpatient clinic and were assigned to 2 equal groups in numbers. The first group (A) received aerobic exercise for the upper limb in the form of arm ergometer exercises, while the second group (B) received aerobic exercise for the lower limb in the form of cycling. Training duration for both groups was 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Peak VO2, and ejection fraction of both groups were measured and compared pre- and post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the ejection fraction between groups post-treatment. However, a significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in the peak VO2 of group B when compared to group A post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is no effect of different types of aerobic training on ejection fraction in diastolic heart failure patients, but lower limb exercise is more effective than upper limb exercise in improving peak VO2 in diastolic heart failure patients. Therefore, the current study recommended the use of lower limb exercise over upper limb exercise in training diastolic heart failure patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The study was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov as a clinical trial ID (NCT05637125).</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9931447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with video game training on the postural balance of older women in the community: A blind, randomized, clinical trial.","authors":"Fernanda Ishida Corrêa, Andre Issao Kunitake, Wellington Segheto, Max Duarte de Oliveira, Felipe Fregni, João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa","doi":"10.1002/pri.2046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls are frequent in older adults and can cause trauma, injury, and death. Fall prevention with virtual reality presents good results in improving postural control. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been used with the same aim; however, the combination of the two techniques has still been little studied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess whether tDCS can enhance the effect of video game training (VGT) on improving the postural balance of healthy older women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 57 older women who were randomized to three balance training groups: Control Group (VGT), Anodal Group (VGT combined with anodic tDCS-atDCS), and Sham Group (VGT combined with sham tDCS-stDCS). Balance training was performed twice a week for four weeks, totalizing eight 20-min sessions using VGT associated with tDCS. Postural balance was assessed pre-and post-training and 30 days after the end of the eight sessions using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to pre-intervention the Mini BEST test increased similarly in the three groups in post-intervention (control: pre 23.7 ± 2.8 to post 27.0 ± 2.2; anodal: pre 24.4 ± 1 to post 27.7 ± 0.8 and sham: pre 24.2 ± 1.9 to post 26.5 ± 1.6; p < 0.001) and follow-up (control: pre 23.7 ± 2.8 to follow-up 26.8 ± 2.3; anodal: pre 24.4 ± 1 to follow-up 27.3 ± 1.4 and sham: pre 24.2 ± 1.9 to follow-up 26.8 ± 1.5; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was an improvement in the postural balance of the three training groups that were independent of tDCS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Some studies have shown the positive tDCS effects associated with other tasks to improve balance. However, these results convey the effects of only anodic-tDCS compared to sham-tDCS. Possibly, the effect of VGT surpassed the tDCS effects, promoting a ceiling effect from the combination of these two therapies. However, studies with other therapies combined with tDCS for older adults deserve to be investigated, as well as in frail older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of using the NewGait assistive device for correcting gait deviations in individuals with various neurological disorders: Case study.","authors":"Ksenia I Ustinova, Joseph E Langenderfer","doi":"10.1002/pri.2055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Impaired gait is one of the earliest, most devastating, and long-lasting symptoms associated with neurological disorders. This study tested the feasibility of wearing the NewGait rehabilitative device in individuals with gait impairments due to the most common neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven participants with gait impairments due to strokes, Multiple Sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) were included in the study. Their walking with and without wearing the NewGait was analyzed and compared using the Vicon T160 system for motion analysis. Gait velocity, step length, foot clearance, lateral displacement of the Center of Mass, gait deviation and symmetry indexes were compared using two standard deviation band method for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants subjectively assessed the NewGait as a comfortable device to wear and showed immediate gait improvements to varying degrees. Most improvements were observed in participants with muscle weakness due to peripheral neuropathies, stroke, MS, and CP. These participants improved their foot clearance, gait velocity, and step length. Participants with cerebellar stroke and PD increased their gait stability. All participants demonstrated a reduction in composite gait deviation indexes. Not all gait parameters, though, showed immediate changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that the NewGait rehabilitative device is feasible and useful for correcting gait impairments caused by neurological deficits. Participants may need to wear this device for longer periods of time in order to achieve long lasting changes in the gait pattern, rather than an immediate correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of physiotherapist managers in Ireland and their views on the role of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists","authors":"M. Ó Mír, M. Casey, Keith M. Smart","doi":"10.1002/pri.2064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.2064","url":null,"abstract":"Within the current context of implementation of an Advanced Practice Grade, the Irish Society of Chartered Physiotherapists commissioned a survey of physiotherapy manager opinions regarding the role of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists.The aim of this survey was to explore the views of physiotherapist managers in relation to the characteristics, role, competencies and management of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists (APPs) in Ireland.Physiotherapist managers based in primary and secondary care settings in Ireland were invited to participate in a survey on Advanced Practice. Quantitative data from a custom designed online survey was analysed with descriptive statistics and qualitative data from open‐ended survey questions were analysed using thematic analysis.The response rate to the survey was 32% (24/75). On average, respondents thought that 54% (range: 15%–80%) of an APPs time should be spent in clinical practice and between 17% and 20% variously on managerial and leadership, teaching and education and research and development duties. Four themes were identified from the surveys' open‐ended questions related to the description of APP: ‘Extended scope ‘Advanced clinical training, knowledge, and decision‐making’, ‘Autonomy, independence and responsibility’, and ‘Wider roles’.Irish physiotherapist managers recognised the extended scope of practice, expertise and multiple roles characteristic of APPs. They indicated the need for legislative changes and clarity around governance.","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":"42 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taekwondo Poomsae practise in slow motion and the balance of healthy older adults: A Pre-Experimental Study.","authors":"Derong Eric Li,&nbsp;Ji Long Chiang,&nbsp;Zhi Hao Melvin Loh,&nbsp;Rahizan Zainuldin","doi":"10.1002/pri.2027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Poor balance confidence and functional balance can lead to falls in community-dwelling older adults. Exercises utilising slow movements have been shown to improve balance in this population. It is hypothesised that by superimposing the use of slow movements onto Taekwondo Poomsae, there could be similar benefits in improving balance confidence and functional balance in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a pre - experimental study. Fifteen community-dwelling older adults received 11 weeks of Slow Poomsae (SP) training using a proposed 50-min protocol. Pre- and post-intervention scores of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Simplified Scale (ABC-S), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and 'Timed Up and Go' test (TUG) assessments were recorded and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen eligible participants with mean and standard deviation (SD) of age 73.8 (6.05) years completed the study. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were seen in the pre-post differences between ABC-S, BBS, DGI, and TUG, with median score changes of 15 points (Z = -3.408), 3 points (Z = -3.306), 3 points (Z = -2.852), and 3.5 s (Z = -3.296) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preliminary findings support the efficacy of SP as a potential balance training programme that is safe for healthy older adults to improve their balance confidence and functional balance. More research is required on this topic that leans towards a large population blinded randomised controlled trial with a longer intervention period and inclusion of a follow-up to further elucidate the effects of long-term practice and novelty of SP.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory integration versus Masgutova neuro-sensorimotor reflex integration program on controlling primitive reflexes and gross motor abilities in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.","authors":"Mustafa A Mohamed,&nbsp;Manal Salah El-Dein,&nbsp;Sahar M Nour El-Deen,&nbsp;Mahmoud S El Fakharany","doi":"10.1002/pri.2030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pri.2030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>An abnormality in muscular tone, lack of postural control, and a lack of coordination are all linked to the retention of primitive and immature postural reflexes. The Purpose of this study aimed of detecting which therapeutic approach is more effective in integrating retained primitive reflexes, either Masgutova neuro-sensorimotor reflex integration or Sensory integration (SI) program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) (11 girls and 29 boys), involved in the current study and their ages ranged from 3 to 6 years old. They were divided at random into two groups (A and B), patients in the study group (A) (n = 20) were treated by Masgutova neuro-sensorimotor reflex integration program (MNRI) while those of study group (B) (n = 20), were subjected to Sensory integration program (SIP), A standardized physical treatment regimen was provided to both groups (Stretching exercise, Strengthening exercise, and facilitation of developing motor milestones) All children were evaluated by using GMFM-88 and (PDMS-2) reflexes subtest before and after treatment that lasted for three successive months at a frequency of three sessions per week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically substantial increase in GMFM scores and control of primitive reflexes post treatment in each group compared to those of the pretreatment mean values (p > 0.05). There was also a statistically non-significance difference between group A and group B regarding post treatment results (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Implications on physiotherapy practice: </strong>SI and MNRI programs can equally be used in the treatment of children with spastic CP who suffer from retained primitive reflexes and delayed gross motor function.</p>","PeriodicalId":47243,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Research International","volume":" ","pages":"e2030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}