Baltic Carbon Forum最新文献

{"title":"Status on CCS in Denmark","authors":"Mads Kjær Poulsen, Gjermund Blauenfeldt Næss","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23633","url":null,"abstract":"The presentation “Status on CCS in Denmark” will focus on the recent progress made in Denmark on CCS and provide insight into new initiatives underway. The CCS technology enjoys ample political support in Denmark. Since 2020 a number of political agreements has been reached, introducing three subsidy funds for CCS as well as a range of legislative and regulatory changes that has enabled Denmark to work towards establishing a full-scale CCS value chain with the aim of reaching its climate targets. It follows from the Danish CCS strategy that Denmark also strives to become a future European hub for CO 2 storage. In that context, Denmark has entered into collaboration agreements with Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Germany to promote CCS as a climate mitigation tool. Additionally, in 2022, Denmark signed an agreement with Belgium for the cross-border transportation of CO 2 with the purpose of geological storage beneath the seabed. This agreement was the first of its kind in an international context. This year has been a particularly important year for CCS in Denmark. Recent developments include the awarding of the first full-scale offshore exploration licenses for CO 2 storage, the first injection of CO 2 in the Danish part of the North Sea has been completed in a pilot project, and the energy company, Ørsted, has secured a state-sponsored contract to establish the country's first full-scale CCS project. This initiative, valued at approximately 1.1 billion EUR, plans to commence CO 2 capture in 2025. Moreover, a new tender for the NECCS (“Negative Emissions CCS”) subsidy fund was published in late August. The aim of the NECCS-fund is to achieve 0.5 million tons of negative CO 2 emissions per year, through BECCS and/or DACCS by granting financial support to one or more projects at any scale. Also in late August, a new political proposal was introduced, containing new CCS-initiatives. Finally, new tenders for exploration and storage licenses are planned in the future.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic, regulatory, policy and carbon-accounting considerations for implementation of CCUS in the Baltic Sea Region","authors":"Matthias Honegger","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23573","url":null,"abstract":"Successful development of CCU and CCS hubs and clusters is as much a technological challenge as it is a non-technical challenge. Non-technical challenges across social and political aspects, economics, monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), as well as legal, regulatory and contractual aspects all can become showstoppers if they are not given the due careful attention. Non-technical challenges tend not to predetermine success. Instead, they represent malleable and dynamic factors that evolve over time in response to broader changes in narratives, politics, evolving planning processes, and other regulatory requirements. Attending to non-technical challenges – particularly through proactive measures (e.g. engaging with regulators) requires time, which unless planned for carefully – alongside engineering and business development efforts – may add to the time required for achieving operation through the stages of scoping, planning, and implementation. The proposed talk will outline some of the most prominently discussed challenges across the various non-technical areas – as identified in the first part of the project CCUS ZEN toward identification of promising CCUS hubs and clusters in selected European regions especially regarding potential challenges in the Baltic Sea region.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 geological storage prospects of Lithuania – update","authors":"Jonas Liugas, Rasa Šliaupienė, Milda Grendaitė, Dainius Michelevičius, Saulius Šliaupa","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23588","url":null,"abstract":"The CO 2 geological storage assessment in the Cambrian saline aquifers in west Lithuania is considerably improved by 3D seismic survey of the Gargždai Elevation and Syderiai Uplift. The CO 2 storage capacity of the Syderiai site is assessed as large as 56.7 Mt (area 62 km 2 ) owing to the high reservoir properties (average porosity 17 % and permeability 400 mD) of the Middle Cambrian saline aquifer of 50 m thick and 1458-1508 m deep. The tectonic uplift is controlled by the large-scale Telšiai strike-slip fault. The Syderiai site was initially considered as the potential UGS site. The acreage of the Gargždai Elevation, comprising six depleting oil fields, is assessed 133 km 2 and the storage volume is evaluated 31.3 Mt. The main challenging parameter is a poor average porosity (7 %) and fractured type of reservoir (permeability about 10 mD) about 70 m thick and 2200 m deep. A residual oil zone (ROZ) assessment suggests are very high protentional for CO 2 combination in west Lithuania which is the only prospective site known in the Baltic region of this kind.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental tests and modeling of H2S-CO2-brine systems – a case study","authors":"Krzysztof Labus","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23591","url":null,"abstract":"A geochemical study aimed to determine the impact of CO 2 and H 2 S, mixtures on the representative formation rocks from the Dębowiec Fm. and Paralic series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, and the adjacent Małopolska Block (Poland) was performed. In the way of experiments and hydrochemical modeling the following goals were achieved: determination of the impact of acid gases on the mineralogical composition and porosity, and the assessment of mineral trapping capacity of cap rocks. Dissolution of skeletal grains, as the dominant process (the most distinct in carbonates and chlorite) was determined by means of SEM analysis in all of the samples. The increase in porosity at the injection stage, depending on the mineralogy of samples was caused by the decomposition of calcite and siderite or ankerite (Dębowiec Fm.), daphnite, clinochlore, and siderite (Paralic series) and hematite, ankerite, dolomite (Małopolska Block). After 10 000 years of simulated storage, the total porosity decreased in the cap rocks by several percent points, mainly due to precipitation of saponite, muscovite, gibbsite, phlogopite and dawsonite, in favor of the rock insulating properties. Among the secondary minerals enabling the trapping of CO2 and S in simulated storage there were observed: dolomite and pyrite (Dębowiec Fm.), dolomite, calcite and pyrite (Paralic series) and siderite, anhydrite, pyrite (Małopolska Block). Maximum calculated mineral-trapping capacity, calculated based on the results of kinetic modeling, reached 43.4 kgCO2/m3 and 44.9 kgS/m3 for CO2+ H2S co-injection into the Dębowiec Fm. Miocene rock.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the Swedish cement industry – logistics collaboration potentials in the Baltic area","authors":"Vendela Santén, Anna Hedén, Gry Møl Mortensen, Per Wide, Åsa Kärnebro, Sara Kilicaslan, Johan Algell","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23683","url":null,"abstract":"The cement industry in Sweden is facing a major climate change. A central part of the transition is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which is to be implemented in the Swedish largest cement production site on Gotland by 2030. For CCS to be realized, a reliable cost- and environmentally efficient logistics system for CO 2 is required, which for the Swedish cement production on Gotland means CO 2 -transport by ship. A research project has been initiated during 2023 with the aim of increasing the cement industry’s knowledge and understanding of possible CO 2 logistics systems for CCS. The project takes a larger innovation system approach of CCS by mapping current knowledge about CO 2 -logistics for CCS and emerging industrial and logistics actors in the Baltic area and North Sea. Further, logistics scenarios from the perspective of the cement industry will be investigated as well as opportunities for fossil-free CO 2 -shipping and business models for the cement industry’s CO 2 -logistics. The Baltic area includes heavy CO 2 emitting industries both from cement production as well as steel, pulp & paper, power & heat with locations nearby a port, in which there are several initiatives to apply CCS. Further research will investigate how different types of cross-border collaborations could influence the efficiency of the CO 2 -logistics system. The project supports the cement industry's decisions regarding processes for the design of CO 2 -logistics arrangements for CCS.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perceptions of CCUS in Central and Eastern Europe – implications for community engagement","authors":"Luciana Miu","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23580","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is emerging as a subject of major interest for EU climate policy due to their potential role in avoiding hard-to-abate CO2 emissions, as well as to lead to “negative emissions” through direct air capture or bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Despite CCUS technologies being deployed since the 1970s, their widespread implementation is still challenged by a range of factors, including policy inertia, high costs, and relative novelty in the public discourse. In particular, as CCUS emerges slowly into the realm of public and political debate, opinions on these technologies and associated projects are easily changeable and affected by a range of factors, which make concerted public and community engagement extremely important for deploying them where they matter most.The Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region is characterized by a higher-than-average economic dependence on heavy industry, old assets and infrastructure, and a high occurrence of regions where the transition to climate neutrality will have a significant impact on local economies, employment, and social welfare [1]. CCUS could play an important role in decarbonizing the heavy industry sectors of the region, particularly given the potentially significant storage capabilities of countries such as Romania and Poland, as well as emerging storage potential in the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Sea. However, climate policy in these jurisdictions is sluggish, and there is a general failure to approach CCUS in a systematic way, with targeted application to sectors where it can have the highest impact, such as cement and oil refining. As a result, the public debate around CCUS is practically non-existent, and where public opinions do emerge, they may be significantly influenced by the context of a particular project and generate significant resistance based on the relationship with project developers, the amplification of perceived risks, and the lack of appropriate explanations of costs, benefits and risks. This in turn can lead to a reticence of political stakeholders to commit to deploying CCUS, causing the public debate to further stagnate and creating a vicious circle whereby opportunities to familiarize the public with these technologies (well in advance of their deployment) are missed.In order to deploy CCUS at pace and scale, as part of the catching-up climate policies of CEE countries, public perception of CCUS must be thoroughly researched and developed into appropriate guidelines for community engagement by project developers. There is experience in the region – the feasibility study for Romania’s planned Getica CCS demonstrator (subsequently abandoned) included comprehensive research into the perceptions of local communities, and a toolkit for communications around CCUS by project developers. Similarly, learnings from Poland’s failed Belchatow CCS project can serve to re-assess the state of public opinion on CCS, and how the ","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy scenario for renewable energy production, CO2 and H2 storage in the Baltic offshore structure","authors":"Kazbulat Shogenov, Alla Shogenova","doi":"10.21595/bcf.2023.23644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23644","url":null,"abstract":"CO 2 Capture, Transport, Use and Storage (CCUS) is one of the core technologies to mitigate climate change. New techno-economic and techno-ecological concept of a synergy of CO 2 geological storage (CGS), CO 2 use, hydrogen (H 2 ) production from different eco-friendly renewable energy recovery technologies and underground H 2 storage (UHS), which we call here Geological Power Bank (Geo-PB), in Cambrian Deimena Formation sandstones in different compartments of the E6 structure offshore Latvia is presented for the first time. A five-phase circular economy concept of E6 geological structure energy and CO 2 storage hub was developed in this study. The workflow is techno-ecological, eco-friendly, self-supporting, cost-competitive, and economically feasible. It consists of (1) CO 2 transport by ships to the rig , (2) CO 2 injection for CGS and CO 2 Plume Geothermal technology (CPG), (3) H 2 production, (4) Geo-PB, and (5) H 2 transport by the same ships to the customers. The concept is supporting a win 8 situation - innovative elements of techno-ecological synergy in one site: (1) CGS, (2) CPG, (3) solar energy, (4) wind energy, (5) sea currents energy, (6) H 2 production (7) Geo-PB and (8) H 2 transport to consumers. The proposed cycle is closed, demonstrating the principles of circular economy, which will increase the total efficiency of the concept. CGS and CPG are planned in the E6-A compartment of the E6 geological structure with an average CO 2 storage capacity of 365 Mt in an optimistic approach and Geo-PB is planned in E6-B with an H 2 storage capacity of 119 kt. The Baltic offshore scenario is ambitious and innovative, proposed new technologies, synergy with renewable energy (geothermal, solar, wind and sea current), large storage capacity, including CO 2 storage and use captured by a CCUS clusters of emission sources from energy production, cement industry and bio-emissions from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The concept aimed to decrease the artificial impact of climate change by avoiding CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere and implementing circular economy principles. It will increase public and policymakers’ acceptance of new underground CO 2 and energy storage technologies. The proposed synergy solution for CGS and energy storage projects will make such a business economically feasible and attractive for investors. Our study demonstrates a new era, the next generation of cost-competitive, self-supporting conceptual techno-ecological examples of a possible synergy of storage concepts with renewable energies combined using circular economy approaches.","PeriodicalId":472427,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Carbon Forum","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}