Agrarnyj vestnik Urala最新文献

{"title":"Development of technology elements for the cultivation of rare species of perennial onions in the Central Urals","authors":"Mihail Karpuhin, Lyudmila Tymchenko","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-11-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-11-28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In experiments conducted in 2021–2022. on the basis of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University, studies were carried out on the influence of the feeding area and planting dates on the productivity and biochemical composition of perennial onions. The territory of the Middle Urals is located in a difficult climatic zone, with severe winters and warm summers. The weather in this area can change very quickly, and therefore, for cultivation in the Middle Urals, plants should be selected that will easily endure the vagaries of the weather, including green crops. These characteristics correspond to perennial onions, which are able to produce high yields of green leaves even in risky farming. Good resistance to pathogens, less susceptibility to pests compared to onions, as well as a wide variety of species that differ in external characteristics and taste make perennial onions excellent plants for obtaining valuable vitamin greens. The purpose of the study: to study the biological characteristics of perennial onions, as well as to find out the effect of the feeding area on their yield and biochemical composition. Methods. In the experiments, the following factors affecting the yield of perennial onions were investigated: leaf length, number of leaves per plant, the appearance of flower stalks, individual plant productivity. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the highest yield is observed in all types of onions when grown with a distance in a row of 5 cm, the highest individual productivity was shown by batun onion plants when grown in a row with a distance between plants of 15 cm and slime onion with a distance between plants in a row of 25. In addition, there was a deterioration in the biochemical composition of the leaves of all the studied types of onions when planting in 2022 compared to 2021 and an increase in the concentration, electrical conductivity and acidity of cell sap in 2022 compared to 2021. Scientific novelty. Ledebur onion is the least studied of the onion species presented in the study, but it has good commercial and nutritional properties. Previously, this type of onion was not studied in the Middle Urals as a vegetable plant.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index approach to comparative assessment of agricultural sustainability of the subject of the federal district","authors":"Elena Kriulina, Lusine Oganyan, Konstantin Katkov","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-119-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-119-129","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The development of agriculture and food security are becoming global today. The domestic agro-industrial complex actually ensures stability, balance of economies and well-being of people on all continents. Therefore, in the conditions of increasing crisis phenomena in the economy, the importance of a comprehensive analysis of the sustainability of the industry's development increases, which should be based on an assessment of the state and trends of changes in natural resource potential, on the study of effective indicators of economic activity and on the development of the main directions and measures to increase its level in the future. The solution of this problem is also relevant for the North Caucasus Federal District, which is a large agricultural region. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to give a comparative assessment of the sustainability of agriculture and to establish the significance of the main factors determining its level in the context of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District. The research methodology included the use of various methods of economic-mathematical, statistical, index and other methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time, in relation to regional peculiarities, priority factors providing an increase in the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production for the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District are justified on the basis of the index system. The results of the research have shown that the indicators included in the industry efficiency index have the greatest negative impact on the sustainability of agricultural production in most subjects of the district. At the same time, in the Stavropol Krai, these are the values that form the index of natural and climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the integrated indicator of agricultural sustainability of the region (2,216) significantly exceeds the corresponding indicators of all subjects of the district. The analysis of the level of the final comprehensive indicator of agricultural sustainability on average for 2018–2021 made it possible to eventually group the subjects of the NCFD into three blocks according to the degree of sustainability, identify systemic problems of the industry in each and suggest some ways to solve them.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologically active substances in flowers and leaves of Siberian irises","authors":"Lyudmila Sedel'nikova","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-97-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-97-107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the last decade, garden varieties of Siberian iris (Iris sibirica L.) of the iris family (Iridaceae Juss.), which are valuable not only as ornamental plants, but also as a source of biologically active substances used in medicine and the perfume industry, have been very popular. Information on the presence of these substances in the generative and vegetative organs of the varieties of Siberian iris studied by us was not noted, which is the novelty and relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is a comparative study and assessment of the quantitative content of biologically active substances in the flowers and leaves of I sibirica and seven varieties from the Siberian irises (SIB) group cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Methods. The content of flavonols, catechins, carotenoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method, pectin substances by the carbazole-free spectrophotometric method and tannins by the titrimetric method. Results. The results of a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites in the aerial organs of irises showed that the content of tannins (1.3–3.2 times), flavonoids (1.5–4.6 times), catechins (5.0–6.3 times), carotenoids (2.6–9.5 times) higher in leaves than in flowers. The content of pectins is higher (3.5–9.5 times) and protopectins (1.2–1.9 times) in flowers. The varieties Fialcovy, Vals Katuni, Kassandra were distinguished by the highest indications for individual components. Variety and species specificity in the distribution of these components in the flowers and leaves of plants, as well as the influence of hydrometrological factors during the growing seasons of growth and development of 2020–2021, were noted. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region, a comparative quantitative analysis of the content of tannins, flavonols, pectins, protopectins, catechins, carotenoids in the aboveground organs of Iris sibirica and its varieties: Baltik Blue, Blue Cup, Cambridge, Fialcovy, Kassandra, Mandy Morse, Vals Katuni was carried out.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of the food supply of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context of new systemic challenges","authors":"Aleksandr Semin, Ol'ga Ruschickaya, Rasul Uzbekovich Gusmanov, Evgeniy Stovba","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-138-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-138-148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of the study is to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the food supply of the population of the federal subject (on the example of Bashkortostan) in the context of external and internal systemic challenges and restrictions. The article updates that the observed conditions for the development of the agro-food system at the national level and at the level of federal subjects are accompanied by unprecedented changes that are directly related to the emergence of new challenges, trends and threats, the active introduction of innovative and digital technologies in food of animal origin. The conceptual and theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the fundamental provisions of modern theories of the development of the agro-food market and food supply for the population, human capital, economic growth and sustainable functioning of rural territorial entities. Methods. As a means of instrumental and methodological apparatus of research, a systematic approach was used in combination with the following methods: monographic, abstraction, graphic visualization, generalization and systematization, comparative analysis. A comprehensive study of food supply for rural and urban residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan is based on the results of a content analysis of current trends, problems and strategic prospects for the development of agriculture and the agro-food market in the region. Results. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of the provision of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan with food of animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products) was carried out. The key problems hindering the development of the livestock and poultry complex of the republic are identified. The dynamics of indicators reflecting the number of livestock, the productivity of livestock and poultry in the agro-formations of the region is considered. An assessment of individual social indicators of the functioning of rural territorial entities at the regional level is given. A detailed analysis of the balance of resources (production, imports and exports) of meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, formed on a republican scale, was carried out. Practical proposals have been developed aimed at improving the criteria and parameters of self-sufficiency of the population of the federal subjects of our country with certain types of agro-food products. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of new provisions aimed at the effective assessment of the food supply of the population of the federal subject with food of animal origin in the face of modern challenges, threats and restrictions.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control of Phytophthora infestans in potatoes","authors":"Hetag Totrazovich Dzedaev, Irina Gazdanova, Batraz Bekmurzov","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and is a common disease in all potato growing regions of Russia. However, successful cultivation of potatoes requires a high level of knowledge and skills from the agronomist. To avoid losses in yield and quality, an average of seven to eight fungicide treatments against this disease are carried out annually. It costs time and money and pollutes the environment. In traditional cultivation, the disease is controlled with the costly application of chemical pesticides. Treatment of tubers with chemicals is effective in reducing tuber-borne infections, but the use of chemicals is dangerous, harmful to beneficial microorganisms, and expensive. In addition, infected tubers should not be stored as they will rot. If the infection is not dealt with, there is a risk of complete loss of the crop. A lot of money has been invested in research and breeding, however, late blight is still the most important disease in potato cultivation. If in some years or regions the disease manifests itself slowly and not very aggressively, in other regions it causes significant crop losses. On the other hand, in agriculture, it is controlled with a comprehensive control strategy, which also includes a wide range of cultural and preventive measures, such as the biological method. Among the various methods in the protection of plants from diseases, the biological method is currently an important share. The mentioned biological method among the means uses special microorganisms, which are characterized by a strong antagonistic reaction in relation to specific pathogens. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that biological preparations showed excellent field performance against late blight in the foothill zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The aim of the study was to test whether the biological defense method against Phytophthora infestans is suitable in the Piedmont zone of the Republic RNO-Alania. Researches were carried out according to the methods accepted in potato breeding according to the recommendations of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry, VIR and VIZR. According to the results obtained in field experiments show that in all years of research biopreparations significantly reduced infestation of tubers of phytophthora infestans. Biopreparation “BisolbiSan”, which was used for tubers dressing and spraying of plants four times during the growing season, showed the best protective effect against phytophthora infestans in comparison with other preparations.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium picolinate and its effect on metabolic processes, as well as the productivity of meat-type steers","authors":"Svyatoslav Lebedev, Oksana Shoshina, B. Nurzhanov, Nadezhda Shirnina, Elena Sheyda","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-76-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-76-86","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chromium-based additives have advantages for growing livestock, which are expressed in improving the indicators of cultivation and fattening. That is why the purpose of our study was to study the effect of chromium on the metabolism and productivity of bulls, the use of energy, calcium and phosphorus by the body. Methods. Calves of the Kazakh white-headed breed, divided by the method of pairs of analogues into 3 groups. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on 30 bulls (n = 10). The physiological experiment was carried out on 9 bulls (n = 3). Experimental scheme: control animals – standard diet; I – chromium picolinate at a dose of 1.625 mg/ kg of ration dry matter; II – at a dose of 1.765 mg/kg of ration dry matter. The scientific novelty consisted in the fact that for the first time studies were conducted to determine the effect of chromium picolinate in various dosages on the metabolic processes and productivity of Kazakh white-headed bulls. Results. It was found that chromium picolinate in dosages of 1.739–1.765 mg/kg of dry matter of the diet had a beneficial effect on the productive qualities of bulls. So, the experimental groups consumed gross energy more than the control by 2.9 and 7.19 %; digestible by 4.2 and 11.9 % and exchangeable by 4.34 and 12.3 %. The growth energy increased in the studied groups by 8.53 and 22.1 %. The coefficients of productive use of calcium increased in groups I and II by 8.4 and 16.1 %, and in phosphorus by 0.1 and 4.7 % respectively, which was expressed in superiority in 15 months in live weight by 9.3 and 13.7 kg. The intensity of protein metabolism was characterized by an increase in serum urea in group I by 68.5 %, and in group II by 36.8 %, creatinine by 68.5 % and 36.8 % compared with the control with a decrease in uric acid by 69.4 and 58.5 %.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of acidulants and butyrates in diets is a way to realize the bioresource potential of broiler chickens","authors":"Kristina Lavrinenko","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-09-65-75","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the conditions of the research and production laboratory of the ERC “Agrotechnopark” of the Belgorod State Agrarian University, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out to study the effect of feed additives acidifier “AsidLak” and “ButiPERL” calcium butyrate on slaughter indicators, morphology of broiler carcasses, chemical composition of pectoral and leg muscles, organoleptics of meat and broth. Methods. Chickens of the 1st experimental group were introduced into the main diet of the acidifier “AsidLak” in the amount of 5 kg/t, the 2nd experimental group was injected with 0.3 kg/t of calcium butyrate “ButiPERL”, the 3rd experimental group – a complex of feed additives in dosages 1 and 2 of the experimental groups without the introduction of antimicrobial drugs; broiler chickens of the control group received a complete mixed feed (OP). When growing chickens, a three-phase feeding system was used. During the experimental period, broiler chickens were grown outdoors, under the same conditions. According to the results of the study, it was found that broilers of the 3rd experimental group had the highest pre-slaughter live weight in comparison with the control by 104.67 g or 4.0% (P ≥ 0.95), which is also higher than analogues 1 and 2 experimental by 14 g (0.51%) and 48 g (1.76 %); broilers of the 3rd experimental group had a greater mass of gutted carcass – 1870.73 g, which is higher compared to the control group by 132.96 (7.65 %), and also 1 and 2 experimental by 43.93 g (2.35 %) and 77.96 g (4.17 %). 68.7 %. An increase in the content of dry matter, fat and protein in the pectoral and leg muscles, as well as an improvement in the taste and biological value of meat was noted. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time on the livestock of the Ross-308 cross, an acidifier and butyrate were used in combination as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of economic and biological signs of primocane raspberry in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals","authors":"Evgeniya Aminova, Ol'ga Merezhko","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-37-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-37-47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The agro-climatic conditions of the Orenburg Urals are considered sharply continental, but generally favorable for the cultivation of raspberries. However, periodically there is a risk of exposure to abiotic stresses on plants, as a result of which raspberry varieties cannot maximize their productive potential. The purpose of the work is to give a comprehensive assessment of varieties and forms of raspberries of the repair type of fruiting according to economic and biological characteristics and to identify varieties and forms with high productivity and fruit quality. Methods. The objects of research were 9 varieties and 3 forms of raspberries of repair domestic breeding: Gerakl, Rubinovoe Ozherel’e, Zhar-Ptitsa, Oranzhevoe Chudo, Kalashnik, Arisha, Karamel’ka, Malinovaya Gryada, Zevs, 2-73, 1-33, 1-43. In this work, the duration of the fruiting period, the regenerative ability, biological productivity and the main elements of its structure, as well as the biochemical qualities of fruits were evaluated. Results. The greatest number of fruits on the shoot was found in varieties Zhar-Ptitsa (C) (168–175 pcs.), Arisha (160–173 pcs.), Malinovaya Gryada (150–157 pcs.), in forms 1-33 (169 pcs.) and 2-73 (158 pcs.). The variety Gerakl during the three years studied had the highest average fruit weight of 6.5-6.9 g and exceeded the control (Zhar-Ptitsa) by 56.8–58.5%. Our studies show that in the selected varieties and forms of raspberry repair, the percentage of ripe berries varied from 80 to 100 %, the yield was: Gerakl – 17.2–20.1 t/ha, Arisha – 13.2–17.6 t/ha, Malinovaya Gryada – 11.3–17.2 t/ha and 1-33 – 11,6–17,8 t/ha. The maximum sugar content was found in the varieties Karamel’ka (8.1%), Arisha (7.9%), Malinovaya Gryada (7.7%), exceeding the control (Zhar-Ptitsa) by 5.5–12.5%. Scientific novelty. The obtained results on the evaluation of raspberry cultivars are of great practical importance and can be used both in production and in breeding work.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood parameters and productivity of chickens when using phytobiotic preparations in the diet","authors":"Elena Shackih, Ekaterina Latypova","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-78-88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Modern standards for feeding industrial poultry are detailed and aimed at maintaining a healthy long life and reproductive abilities, with obtaining quality products from animals. However, it is impossible to take into account the biotic factors that arise in practice, causing stressful conditions and hormonal changes, which have a complex detrimental effect on living systems, reduce immunity and limit the disclosure of the bird's genetic capabilities. Phytobiotics contribute to positive changes in morphological, biochemical and histological processes in the body. The aim of the work was to assess the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood, the safety and productivity of chickens when feeding new phytobiotic preparations Activo and Activo Liquid. Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the poultry farm “Borovskaya” on industrial young and laying hens of the High Line brown cross in cage conditions. The control and experimental birds were grown in accordance with the technological recommendations of the poultry farm, taking into account the standards for the above cross. Zootechnical, statistical, biochemical research methods were used. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effect of phytobiotics Activo and Activo Liquid on blood parameters, safety and productivity in rearing young and laying hens was studied. Results. An analysis of the morpho-biochemical parameters of chicken blood in their diagnostic value against the background of short-term and periodic use of the tested phytobiotic preparations Activo and Activo Liquid as part of the diet according to the proposed scheme indicated a general improvement in metabolic processes in the body of the bird, which together served as a physiological and biochemical basis for improving the safety of livestock and egg productivity of chickens.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of weather conditions, basic tillage, productive moisture and nutrients on the yield of grain crops","authors":"Dmitri Mitrofanov","doi":"10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-237-08-12-22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of work – to establish the impact of weather factors, the content of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil on increasing the yield of field crops in grain-pair crop rotations. Research methods: field, thermostatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin’s. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the impact of agrometeorological conditions (2014–2021), the content of productive moisture and nutrients on the yield of grain crops after zero and flat-cut processing (25-27 cm) of soil on parts of the slope was assessed. Results. It was found that, on average, during the growing season (May – August), the air temperature (18.8 °C) and dry days (74) negatively affect the yield of barley (1.10 and 0.86 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amount to 55.72 and 66.55 % for flat-cut tillage compared to zero (control) – 43.88 and 55.38 % (P ≤ 0.05). Atmospheric precipitation (92.0 mm) has a positive effect on the yield of durum wheat (0.99 and 0.83 t/ha) on the middle part of the slope and amounts to 47.39 % on the flat-cut and 52.03 % without tillage (P ≤ 0.05). Spring productive moisture (105.0 and 101.0 mm) in the meter layer of soil favorably affects the yield of soft wheat (1.05 and 0.78 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amounts to 64.15% for flat-cut processing compared to 76.80 % control (P < 0.05). The increase in the yield of soft wheat (1.42 t/ha) and barley (1.43 t/ha) depends on the influence of the content of mobile phosphorus (3.7 and 3.5 mg / 100 g) in the soil layer 0–30 cm on the lower part of the slope for flat-cut processing and amounts to 54.15 and 55.98 % (P < 0.05). Thus, dry weather conditions, the content of productive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium for the remaining sowing options do not affect the increase in yield.","PeriodicalId":472402,"journal":{"name":"Agrarnyj vestnik Urala","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}