International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analytical solution for laterally loaded non-uniform circular piles in multi-layered inhomogeneous soil","authors":"Maria A. Meza-Abalo, Carlos A. Vega Posada, David G. Zapata-Medina","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2251263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2251263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTNon-prismatic piles are typically used in cases where large lateral loads must be resisted. In many applications, piles are partially or fully embedded in multi-layered non-homogeneous soil, with each layer having its own set of properties. Analytical, simple solutions to study this problem are more limited and complex than that of prismatic ones. The analysis becomes even more complicated when both the variation of the cross-sectional area of the element and the soil inhomogeneity are included in the formulation. This work presents the derivation of the stiffness matrix and load vector of a non-uniform section of pile partially or fully embedded in non-homogeneous soil. The analysis of non-uniform piles in multi-layered soil is carried out by dividing the pile into multiple sub-elements and then assembling them using conventional matrix methods. Four examples, encompassing partially and fully embedded piles, are presented to validate the simplicity and accuracy of the proposed solution.KEYWORDS: Non-prismatic pilemulti-layered soilnon-homogeneous soilpartially embedded piledifferential transformation method Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).List of Symbols A(x)=Area of the element at a depth xB(x)=Diameter of the element at a depth xE=Young’s modulus of the elementGp=Shear modulus of the pileI(x)=Second moment of inertia of the element at a depth xKL=First-parameter of the Pasternak foundationKo=Modulus of subgrade reactionLe=Embedded length of the pileLp=Total length of the pileLu=Unembedded length of the pileM=Bending momentm=Taper ratiomh=Variation of the modulus of subgrade reaction with depthPo=Axial loadq(x)=Applied transverse loadrb=Radius at the bottom of the elementreq=Equivalent radius at half of the length of the elementrt=Radius at the top of the elementSa, Sb=Shear stiffness of the linear transverse springs at ends A and B, respectively.V=Shear forcex=Coordinate along the longitudinal axisy=Transverse deflectionY=Non-dimensional term for the transverse deflectionkg=Second-parameter of elastic foundationκa, κb=Flexural stiffness of the flexural springs at ends A and B, respectively.ξ=Non-dimensional term for the length","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135518875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical analysis of settlement and interaction - floating granular piled rafts, single and group of two units with the effect of partial stiffening","authors":"Ashish Solanki, J. Sharma","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2246272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2246272","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analysis of granular piled raft (GPR) foundations that involves interactions between the pile, the soil, and raft is very challenging and an interesting area of research in geotechnical engineering. The present study pertains to the analysis of a single and group of two partially stiffened floating GPRs where the material in the top region of the granular pile (GP) is stiffened by using geosynthetics, which has better engineering properties. Analysis has been conducted by assuming the soil to be linearly elastic continuum and using the solutions due to Mindlin and Boussinesq for a point load acting in the interior and on the surface of the soil medium for estimating the stresses and displacements at any point in the soil medium. Computations were performed to assess and report the normalized shear stresses (NSS) at the granular pile – soil interface, fractional load shared by the raft and the same shared by the granular pile along its shaft and base (FLSR, FLSP, and FLSB), the distribution of normalized contact pressure (NCP) beneath the raft. The results have been reported in a non-dimensional form suitable to be used for design.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"363 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48319773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helical piles with cement injection in medium dense sand","authors":"J. M. S. M. Dos Santos Filho, Thaise DA Silva Oliveira Morais, Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2250200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2250200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Helical piles are frequently used as foundations of transmission line towers and other structures subjected to both compressive and tensile loads. However, the service performance of these structures can be affected by the uplift response of this type of pile due to the soil disturbance caused by the installation procedure. Two different procedures of cement injection were successfully used to repair this soil disturbance and improve the uplift response of helical piles in soils with some cohesion in a previous study, however these techniques have not been evaluated in cohesionless soils. Therefore, the current study examined the use of two cement injection procedures to improve the tensile and compressive responses of helical piles in medium dense fine sand. For this evaluation, pile loading tests were performed on six identical three-helix piles. The results show that the improvement caused by the cement injection is more significant for the pile uplift performance, although it slightly improves the pile compressive behaviour. The gain in allowable tensile load varied from 40% to 57% according to the injection technique. These preliminary results also indicate that the use of cement injection can provide similar load–displacement response for helical piles under tension and compression.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"352 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations, 1st Edition","authors":"Zhuoyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2238471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2238471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"448 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fitting to hyperbolic functions of load transfer curves for piles in granular soil profiles","authors":"D. Silva, A. Moura","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2246254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2246254","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Load–transfer methods are important tools to analyse and predict pile settlements. Several studies on single piles and pile groups used experimental data from instrumentation, in order to evaluate the load–transfer mechanism to the foundation soil, by obtaining skin friction and toe resistance. For single piles, the load–transfer curves can be approximated by hyperbolic models, and for pile groups, by models in which the interaction between nearby piles is added to the hyperbolic curve of each individual pile through analytical formulations. By collecting experimental data from 68 piles executed in granular soils that were instrumented and subjected to static load tests, this study evaluated the fitting of load–transfer curves to hyperbolic functions for single piles and pile groups. Remarkable fitting to hyperbolic functions was found for single piles, and very good agreement was also obtained for pile groups (adjusted R 2 around 0.96). The deformation parameters (M s and M b) by Bohn et al. for single piles were reassessed, and new reference values that led to more convergent predictions were proposed. Lastly, the use of the parameters M s and M b was also extended to pile groups and new preliminary reference values were suggested.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"339 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43165758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting driving transferred energy: case studies of steel piles","authors":"André Querelli, Tiago de Jesus Souza","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2251239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2251239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper application of a method developed in Brazil for predicting driving transferred energy. The method was recently developed in Brazil and was used in short piles in 2019. In this more recent paper, it was sought to extend the application of the method to long piles (Pile length > 30 m) in soils of different characteristics. It is based on the pile measurements of permanent and elastic displacements during driving and calibration of the site-specific λ coefficient. The article validates the methodology in a case study of two sites with 159 dynamic tests of steel-driven piles in the cities of Santos (SP) and Itaguaí (RJ). Through calibration of λ, the energy predictions showed a good correlation to those obtained from the dynamic tests. There is an additional contribution to the original author’s analysis – increasing the previous testing database – about the correlation between λ and the pile length, as the study includes piles from 36 to 60 m in length – a range that was not included during the author’s first method evaluation. Its major advantage is allowing effective energy estimations in non‑instrumented piles as it is not practical to monitor every single pile of a construction driving site to assess the transferred energy. The presented method is useful in the practice of driven foundation and its quality control.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"331 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modeling of ultimate load capacity of closed- and open-ended piles using machine learning","authors":"M.B.C. Ülker, E. Altınok, G. Taşkın","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2251795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2251795","url":null,"abstract":"Field pile load tests are fairly expensive experiments that can be applied to certain pile types required to be installed in full scale. Hence, it is neither practical nor efficient to perform a load test for every installed pile. While there exist many empirical relations for predicting pile capacities, such methods typically suffer from accuracy and generality. Therefore, current geotechnical practice still looks for methods to accommodate full-scale pile load testing to serve as accurate and practical tools. In this study, load bearing capacities of closed- and open-ended piles in cohesive and cohesionless soils are predicted using machine learning. Nine such methods are utilized in the analyses where Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and pile data are considered as the learning features necessary to teach those methods the database gathered via a comprehensive search. Then, machine learning models are developed, and the databases are separated into five-folds according to the cross-validation-principle, which are used for both training and testing of the machine learning methods. Model predictions are validated with classical CPT-based equations. Results indicate that Relevance Vector Regression and the Random Forest methods typically generate considerably better predictions than the other methods and empirical equations. Thus, machine learning methods are found as reliable tools to predict the pile load capacities of both open-ended and closed-ended pile provided that there is a large enough database and that an appropriate method is used.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135518184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of aperture size on the performance of square footing resting on rattan reinforced sand","authors":"Apurva Ak, S. Chandrakaran, N. Sankar","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2241285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2241285","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rattan fibre as a reinforcement material can be a promising candidate for fabricating mattresses that improves the bearing capacity and settlement reduction of sand. Apart from observing the potential of rattan mats in reinforcing the sand beds, an attempt is made to understand the role of apertures with varying dimensions in enhancing the load bearing performance of sand. A series of plate load tests were performed to study the effect of the depth of top layer reinforcement, width, aperture size of rattan mats and number of reinforcement layers. After comparing the test results of various aperture sized mats, openly woven rattan mats performed superior to closely woven mats. The incorporation of rattan mats under the most effective reinforcement configuration has enhanced the bearing strength improvement factor and settlement reduction factor to 7.1 and 0.85, respectively, for closely woven rattan mats and about 8.16 and 0.94 for openly woven rattan mats with optimum aperture sizes.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"423 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46300519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of soil-structure interaction for statically indeterminate beams on spatially random soils","authors":"Zhe Luo","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2251809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2251809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop an integrated approach to analyse the interaction between soils and beams. The research methods involved placing a statically indeterminate beam on spatially random soils, where soil springs acted as supports for the beam. The soil spring stiffness values were simulated using random field theory. This integrated approach was embedded in the Monte Carlo simulation framework to facilitate probabilistic assessment. This study concluded that the force method solution accurately determined the bending moment and shear diagrams for a beam supported by soil springs. Additionally, soil spatial variability had a significant impact on the beam responses, including the variations in footing settlements, support reactions, bending moment, and shear force. This study also identified a critical scale of soil fluctuation that coincides with the beam span, which resulted in the highest probability of structural bending failure. Overall, this study highlights the importance of accounting for soil spatial variability in an integrated geotechnical and structural design approach.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"434 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ensemble learning in predicting shallow foundation settlement in cohesionless soil","authors":"Ningthoujam Jibanchand, K. Devi","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2023.2212996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2023.2212996","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to significant uncertainties associated with soil, it is challenging to anticipate settlement accurately for shallow footings on cohesionless soil. To produce more precise predictive settlement models, four ensemble learning models have been created in this study: Bagging, Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The models are created utilizing a sizable database based on standard penetration tests (SPT). A variety of evaluation criteria, including R 2, RMSE, and MAE, were employed to rate the performance of the models. The analysis results showed that Bagging and XGBoost models demonstrate excellent performance with R 2 values of 0.901 and 0.915, respectively, surpassing other models studied here as well as other models from the literature. Consequently, Bagging and XGBoost can be effective methods for predicting settlement in shallow foundations on cohesionless soil.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"234 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45033612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}