Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Social Research Workers' Attitudes to the Inclusion of Children With Autism and Developmental Disabilities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Sayyed Ali Samadi,&nbsp;Camal A. Bicak,&nbsp;Roy McConkey","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the attitudes and experiences of Social Research Workers (SRWs), a specific group of special educators in the KRI, who are located in mainstream schools, and are pivotal in facilitating the enrollment of children with disabilities, including intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other developmental disabilities, in public and private schools. Through qualitative interviews with 20 SRWs (self-selected from 160 participants attending a workshop on special educational needs) and thematic content analysis, key barriers to inclusion were identified. Overall, there was no consensus among SRWs regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools. Participants highlighted five major challenges: (1) insufficient leadership and administrative support, (2) inadequate infrastructure and financial resources for environmental modifications, (3) limited access to support services and professional development, (4) weak engagement of stakeholders such as parents, teachers, and caregivers, and (5) ineffective communication and problem-solving systems. Nonetheless, a majority of SRWs expressed conditional support for inclusion, emphasizing the need for greater investment in teacher training, parent education, and systemic reforms. They also suggested that media campaigns showcasing success stories and the benefits of inclusion could foster broader societal acceptance. The study underscores the importance of addressing these barriers to develop a more inclusive educational system in the KRI, starting from preschool onwards. By highlighting the perspectives of SRWs, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and educators aiming to align the KRI's educational practices with international standards of inclusion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Interactions for a Young Child With Severe and Multiple Disabilities Through a Peer-Mediated Intervention in Taiwan","authors":"Chen-Ya Juan","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored how a peer-mediated intervention (PMI) conducted at an inclusive preschool in Taiwan encouraged social interactions and eliminated problem behaviors in a child with severe and multiple disabilities (SMDs). The author used a single-subject experimental reversal design to analyze the case of a 6-year-old girl named Penny. Changes in Penny's social interactions and problem behaviors during the PMI were examined. When the PMI was introduced, Penny exhibited significant improvements in her social interactions and reductions in her problem behaviors, especially in the B² phase. Furthermore, positive feedback and support from Penny's parents and classmates bolstered the efficacy and acceptance of the intervention strategies. These findings demonstrate that a PMI can promote social engagement and eliminate problem behaviors in children with severe disabilities, thereby underscoring the importance of adopting such interventions more widely in inclusive educational settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146216177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Practice Contributes to Social Workers' Professional Identity in Services for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Hong Kong","authors":"Kangwei Xun,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Hong Kong, services for adults with intellectual disabilities operate within a hierarchical staffing structure, where professional social workers serve as mid-level staff working alongside frontline support workers and other allied health professionals to deliver services to clients. A strong professional identity among social workers contributes to lower job turnover and is essential for providing sustainable and effective support for frontline workers and maintaining high-quality services. However, limited studies have explored their professional identity in services for adults with intellectual disabilities. To fill this gap, this study adopted a qualitative approach and conducted in-depth interviews with 13 social workers in this service field to explore how social workers understand their professional practice and role. Findings suggest that social workers strongly recognised case management as a core practice in services for adults with intellectual disabilities as well as a core practice in social work. However, their identity was challenged by difficulties in coordination work and concerns about the potential loss of specificity in clinical practice. It is recommended that the government consider setting up bachelor-degree social work positions and support relevant research to further develop knowledge for case management practice within this service context. This knowledge should be translated into training materials to better support social workers and strengthen their professional identity in services for adults with intellectual disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jppi.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploration of the Characteristics of Adults Being Screened Using an Online Intellectual Disability Screening Tool","authors":"Karen McKenzie,&nbsp;Kara R. Murray,&nbsp;Judith Thompson,&nbsp;Karen Horridge,&nbsp;Kirsty Greenwell,&nbsp;Aja L. Murray","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research suggests that many adults with an intellectual disability continue to be unidentified. Screening tools can help increase identification. A digital version of the Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ) was developed to help improve access to it. This study explored some of the characteristics of those using the digital LDSQ in the UK and those being screened by it. Routinely collected, anonymous data relating to 2016 adults was analysed to address the above aims. We found that 66.5% of users were members of the general public, of whom 77.6% were completing the LDSQ about themselves, while 29.3% were professionals. Professionals were significantly more likely than general public users to screen people with lower levels of adaptive skills, who were older, who had received support at school and were indicated by the LDSQ as likely to have an intellectual disability. In conclusion, the digital LDSQ is being accessed by both the general public and professionals. The latter appear to screen those with greater support needs. Implications for practice are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Dynamic Support Register Identify the Risk of Early Placement Breakdown in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities? Perceptions of Service Users, Carers and Professionals","authors":"Navakanth Rajulapati,&nbsp;Kathryn Berzins","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Placement breakdown is a common cause of avoidable admissions to intellectual disability inpatient services among people with intellectual disability. The Dynamic Support Register with intensive support function was introduced to help minimise these admissions. This study explored the perceptions of service users, carers and professionals of the extent to which the Dynamic Support Register identifies early risk of placement breakdown and reduces admissions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four service users, five community learning disability team professionals and five carers (paid and unpaid). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using the constructs of Normalisation Process Theory. Key factors influencing the placement breakdown were identified. There was consensus that increasing understanding and awareness of the Dynamic Support Register with intensive support among health and social care professionals, service users and families would improve the provision of timely and appropriate support. The intensive support function provided by the community learning disability team for people on the Dynamic Support Register was viewed to have reduced avoidable inpatient admissions. The Dynamic Support Register identifies early risk of placement breakdown and, with intensive support from the community learning disability team, could minimise avoidable inpatient admissions. However, limited awareness among primary care, health and social care professionals highlights the need for increased training to optimise its impact.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring for Children With Developmental and Behavioral Disorders: Impact of a Developmental Outreach Clinic Within a Primary Care Setting","authors":"Elizabeth Young,&nbsp;Laurie Green,&nbsp;Rachel Goldfarb,&nbsp;Thivia Jegathesan,&nbsp;Shanthiya Devarajah,&nbsp;Karen Weyman,&nbsp;Karen Milligan","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To evaluate the impact of implementing a Developmental Outreach Clinic within a primary care practice, we implemented a Developmental Outreach Clinic that involved relocating 2 developmental pediatricians to a primary care practice for one half day per week to conduct developmental assessments and consultations on-site. This care model included co-location, sharing of: administrative booking process, electronic medical record messaging, and a charting system between the developmental pediatricians and the family physicians. To evaluate this clinic, a retrospective chart review cohort study was conducted. We compared patients who participated in the Developmental Outreach clinic with those who received standard care (i.e., pre-implementation, family physician referred to the hospital-affiliated developmental pediatrics clinic serving the same catchment). Health charts of all patients who were booked for a consultation with Developmental Pediatrics 23 months prior to the implementation of the Developmental Outreach Clinic and 23 months following were reviewed. Main outcome measures included changes in service usage (i.e., number of completed assessments/consultations, time from referral to consult) from pre- to post-clinic implementation. A greater number of non-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) assessments/consultations were completed after implementation of the Developmental Outreach Clinic, with no change in the number of ASD assessments/consultations conducted pre- to post-implementation. The wait time from referral to first appointment was significantly lower for the post-compared to the pre-implementation cohort. A Developmental Outreach Clinic within a primary care practice may help improve access to developmental pediatricians through co-location, including sharing of administrative processes and an Electronic Medical Record. This represents a relatively low-cost way to reduce administrative inefficiencies while enabling specialists to support a greater number of families alongside family physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jppi.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Quality of Life in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Analysis of Research Studies Using National Core Indicators In-Person Survey (NCI-IPS) Data","authors":"James Houseworth,&nbsp;Renáta Tichá,&nbsp;Roger J. Stancliffe,&nbsp;Sandra L. Pettingell,&nbsp;Julie Bershadsky","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed research from 2014 to 2023, focusing on the use of the National Core Indicators In-Person Survey (NCI-IPS) to explore outcomes and predictors for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. The study demonstrated that health and employment outcomes are explored the most, with predictors mostly at the person-referenced level. The most common significant predictors of quality of life (QoL) outcomes include behavior/mental health, mobility, guardianship, and residence type. The study highlights the need for more exploration of family/community-related and systems-referenced predictors as well as for a targeted investigation of malleable predictors. These findings underscore the importance of NCI-IPS data for person-centered research on QoL outcomes and provide insights for future research directions. We suggest that other countries should consider the benefits of establishing a similar national IDD data system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Caregiver Experiences: Enhancing Services for Caregivers of Individuals With Intellectual Disability Using Personas","authors":"Jacob J. Maxson,&nbsp;Kimberly J. Cheah","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research addresses the existing gap in literature concerning the utilization of caregiver personas as a pivotal mediator in tailoring caregiver services and fostering a profound understanding of caregiver experiences. Through their personas, caregivers' struggles attain ontological subjectivity, thereby shaping the services they actively seek. Consequently, comprehending caregiver personas becomes indispensable in directing services towards the root causes of their challenges, rather than merely addressing symptoms resulting from their subjective assessments. The caregiver experience is intrinsically linked to their environmental context, where socioeconomic determinants influence the prioritisation and relevance of the services they require. This study investigates the intricate relationship between caregiver personas, the challenges encountered by caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities, and the services they actively pursue. Adopting the WeCare toolkit, we engaged 15 participants, representing three primary caregiver personas (Balanced, Conscious, and Self-Reliant), who took part in caregiver workshops. Subsequent individual interviews were conducted, with the resulting transcripts undergoing thematic analysis and categorisation based on shared themes. The analysis reveals that certain challenges weigh more heavily on specific caregiver personas, exemplified by self-reliant caregivers grappling with an overwhelming sense of involvement in their caregiving roles. Additionally, it was identified that certain challenges remain ubiquitous across all caregivers, irrespective of their personas, such as the shared desire for the independence of their child or ward with intellectual disabilities. Considering these findings, we advocate for further research to delve deeper into the distinctive impacts of caregiver personas on their caregiving experiences. Such exploration will serve to enhance the precision and effectiveness of caregiver support services, ensuring that they are aptly tailored to individual caregiver personas and their specific needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jppi.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective of the Increased Number of People With Intellectual Disabilities Subjected to Formal Coercion in Norway","authors":"Erik Søndenaa,&nbsp;Frode Dragsten,&nbsp;Silje Tessem,&nbsp;Anne Sivertsen,&nbsp;Tor Arne Veie,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Lenes,&nbsp;Bernt Barstad","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the perspective of an increased number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Norway subjected to formal coercion. Comparing survey data from direct care staff in 2013 (<i>n</i> = 189) and 2024 (<i>n</i> = 268) across 50 group homes, the research aimed to identify perspectives on this trend. Results indicate a significant rise in the staff's agreement that care has become more restrictive and that services are inadequate. Conversely, they are less likely to attribute the increase to better legal knowledge. A notable shift is the increased expectation among staff for a continued rise in the number of persons included in formal coercion. While initially, staff perceived positive consequences like better resources and professional commitment, by 2024, there was less support for improved working conditions and more concern about increased suspicion towards the care provided. The study reveals a growing gap between intentions and realities in care services.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145843011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Introduction of Cancer Screening Within an Enhanced Physical Health Clinic for People With Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health Difficulties","authors":"Indermeet Sawhney,&nbsp;Elizabeth Patteril,&nbsp;Verity Chester,&nbsp;Tim Gale,&nbsp;Mohamed Sathick,&nbsp;Asif Zia,&nbsp;Regi Alexander","doi":"10.1111/jppi.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People with intellectual disabilities (ID), particularly those with co-existing mental health difficulties, experience health inequalities and premature mortality. Cancer is a prominent cause of mortality, partially due to the difficulties this population faces in accessing screening. This paper explores the rates of colorectal, breast, cervical and prostate screening over a 28-month period within an Enhanced Physical Health Clinic (EPHC) set within a specialist ID psychiatry service in Essex, United Kingdom (UK). We examined completion of, and any barriers to screening among EPHC patients (<i>n</i> = 463), and compared this to population-wide screening data in the UK among people with an ID. The EPHC facilitated support with screening by providing reasonable adjustments, including providing easy-read leaflets or booking appointments. The number of patients eligible for screening was colorectal (<i>n</i> = 83), breast (<i>n</i> = 73), cervical (<i>n</i> = 120) and prostate (<i>n</i> = 50), respectively. In comparison to the population-wide data available for people with ID, successful screening by EPHC patients was significantly higher for colorectal (93% vs. 78%), breast (74% vs. 53%) and cervical screening (40% vs. 31%). While there is no national prostate screening programme to generate comparison figures, 98% of those eligible accessed screening through the EPHC. These results suggest that the EPHC, which operates within a specialist ID psychiatry service in secondary care, is an innovation that may help improve cancer screening rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jppi.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}