International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy最新文献

{"title":"Does public debt moderate government spending – informal economy nexus? Evidence from the Asian countries","authors":"Toan Khanh Tran Pham, Quyen Hoang Thuy To Nguyen Le","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between government spending, public debt and the informal economy. In addition, this paper investigates the moderating role of public debt in government spending and the informal economy nexus.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>By utilizing a data set spanning from 2000 to 2017 of 32 Asian economies, the study has employed the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). The study is also extended to consider the marginal effects of government spending on the informal economy at different degrees of public debt.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results indicate that an increase in government spending and public debt leads to an expansion of the informal economy in the region. Interestingly, the positive effect of government spending on the informal economy will increase with a rise in public debt.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study stresses the role of government spending and public debt on the informal economy in Asian nations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study pioneers to explore the moderating effect of public debt in the public spending-informal economy nexus.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140297872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study on women single parents’ experiences in coping with socioeconomic insecurity","authors":"Misbahul Munir, Tauchid Komara Yuda, E. P. Kusumah, Maygsi Aldian Suwandi","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-10-2023-0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2023-0247","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeSocial welfare scholarship has not paid adequate attention to the phenomenon of single-parent women in Asia, especially in terms of their economic and social vulnerabilities. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by women who are single parents to secure their families from socioeconomic issues. It also delves into the experiences and viewpoints of families regarding the social institutions they turn to for assistance during times of hardship – whether it be the state, market, or informal networks.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through 33 semi-structured interviews, with informants selected using the purposive sampling technique in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from February 2023 to July 2023. This number was obtained based on informants who were included in the criteria the researchers determined, which included “being a female single parent” and “being over the age of 17,” which is the minimum age for Indonesians to marry. Others included “having dependents to support, be they children and/or the respondent’s family” and occupying the main role as “household head” – all of which defined whether someone belongs to the “vulnerable group.”FindingsThe study highlights the significance of informal support for single mothers facing economic hardship. Still, overreliance on it can lead to concerns about the sustainability of the everyday social safety net they receive. Social exclusion is also problematic due to societal assumptions about divorce and widowhood. The last highlight is how 'deskilling' among single parents has complicated the challenges women face to re-enter the workforce.Originality/valueThis study’s outcomes provide crucial insights into analyzing the patterns of single-parent families in Indonesia and serve as a framework for further research on the resilience of single parents in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the media and corruption: perspectives of Ghanaian justice and anti-corruption officials","authors":"Moses Agaawena Amagnya","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-02-2024-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2024-0082","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The media is described as a fourth estate of the realm due to its ability to frame and shape discussions on governance and provide a stimulus for fighting corruption. But is the media really an effective tool for fighting corruption? This question arises due to the possibility of the media being used for propaganda, biased reporting and media owners’ and journalists’ engagement in corruption. The current study addresses the question by exploring the relationship between the media and corruption from the perspectives of Ghanaian justice and anti-corruption officials.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The study adopts a qualitative approach by interviewing justice and anti-corruption officials across three administrative regions in Ghana.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show that while justice officials describe the media as a medium for accusing officials unjustifiably and exaggerating the scale of corruption, anti-corruption officials believe the media helps to fight corruption. In addition to uncovering and exposing public officials’ corruption, the media is also a double-edged sword characterised by intra-vigilance: the media hold “their own” (i.e. journalists fighting corruption) accountable through criticism and exposure of wrongdoings.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The double-edged nature of the media can strengthen and enhance the fight against corruption because anti-corruption actors and journalists will be cautious as misjudgements or errors committed will not be overlooked or concealed by the media. Therefore, anti-corruption agencies in Ghana can collaborate with the media to uncover and expose corruption committed by public officials and even journalists or media owners.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study is the first in Ghana to explore the relationship between the media and corruption from the perspectives of justice and anti-corruption officials. The approach, frameworks and methodology adopted in this study can be applied in similar studies in other countries on the African continent and beyond.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of tax compliance behavior of family businesses: combining social and psychology norms and legitimacy determinants","authors":"Rida Belahouaoui, El Houssain Attak","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-12-2023-0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2023-0314","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to analyze the tax compliance behavior of family firms by integrating social and psychological norms with legitimacy determinants, focusing specifically on the Moroccan context.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 chief executive officers (CEOs) of Moroccan family firms. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to unravel the interplay between individual beliefs and societal norms.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings reveal a complex interplay between the personal norms of CEOs and chief financial officers (CFOs) and wider societal and cultural expectations, significantly influencing tax compliance behavior. The study identifies the multifaceted nature of tax compliance, which is shaped by personal ethics, family values and the dominant societal tax culture.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The research is limited by its qualitative approach and focus on Moroccan family businesses, which may not be generalizable to other contexts. Future studies could use a quantitative approach and expand to other geographical settings for a more comprehensive understanding.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Insights from the study can assist policymakers and tax authorities in developing culturally sensitive tax compliance strategies that resonate with family business values.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Social implications</h3>\u0000<p>The research underscores the importance of considering sociocultural dimensions in tax compliance, fostering a more cooperative relationship between family businesses and tax authorities.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The study contributes a novel perspective by synthesizing social, psychological and legitimacy factors in understanding tax compliance in the unique context of family businesses.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring resistance in family policy transfer: a comparative analysis of the Czech Republic and South Korea","authors":"Martin Gurín","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Family policy is an area where policy transfer has garnered a lot of attention lately. A growing body of research demonstrates policymakers' interest in and willingness to adopt foreign family policies. However, previous studies have tended to neglect the second mechanism of policy transfer: resistance. This manuscript aims to address this research gap by exploring both the willingness and resistance to policy transfer in Czech and Korean childcare and leave policies.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This study employs a qualitative research design, incorporating structured expert interviews instrumental in in-depth thematic analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The analysis shows that policymakers in both countries demonstrated interest and willingness to transfer family policies, albeit employing different strategies and to varying extents. Moreover, the two countries exhibited significant differences in resistance to family policy transfer, with resistance in the Czech Republic being more frequent and effective. Resistance is directed towards both forced and voluntary transfers, although it isn't always against transfers that require a paradigm change. Policy transfer and non-transfer can concurrently be perceived as threats.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The study concludes that integrating both policy transfer and resistance in the analyses helps to shed light on cross-national differences in family policy change and contributes to a more nuanced portrayal of the world of policy transfer in this policy field.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of intention to engage in informal economy activities during maternity leave","authors":"Mangirdas Morkūnas, Elze Rudiene, Jinzhao Wei","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2024-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The present paper seeks to reveal the factors underlying the intentions of women on maternity leave to engage in informal economy activities.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A representative cross sectional survey of 417 women on maternity leave was selected as a main research approach. A structural equation modelling – partial equation modelling served as a research tool.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The study revealed that the most important determinants of intentions to become involved in informal economy activities during maternity leave are unsatisfactory financial situation, complicated legal regulation and fear of becoming uncompetitive in the labour market.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>To the best of authors’ knowledge, it is the first scientific attempt to investigate the informal work/economy during maternal leave.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do social investment policies promote employment among the vulnerable? A case of single mothers","authors":"Takayuki Sakamoto","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-08-2023-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-08-2023-0194","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to investigate whether social investment (SI) policies improve employment among single mothers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper analyzes the potential effects of SI policies on vulnerable individuals and workers at the macro level by using the employment position of single mothers as a dependent variable. Time-series cross-national data from 18 OECD countries between 1998 and 2017 are analyzed. Multilevel model analysis is also used for robustness check.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>I find that public spending on education and family support is positively associated with the employment rates of single mothers. In contrast, active labor market policy (ALMP) spending is negatively associated. ALMP’s negative effects stand out particularly with public spending on job training. Of all family support policies, family allowances are positively associated with single mothers’ employment, which runs counter to the conventional argument that family allowances are a disincentive for women’s or mothers’ employment. Paid leave (length and generosity) is also associated with higher employment for single mothers. There is also some tentative evidence that public spending on maternity leave benefits (spending level) may raise the odds of single mothers being employed, when individual-level factors are controlled for in multilevel analysis we implement for robustness check.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>This paper does not analyze the effects of the qualitative properties of SI policies. Future research is necessary in this respect.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The effects of SI policies on employment among single mothers have not yet been examined in the literature. This paper seeks to be a first cut at measuring the effects.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting vulnerability. An international comparison of social workers as street-level bureaucrats during the COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Lluis Francesc Peris Cancio, Maria Alexandra Monteiro Mustafá","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-12-2023-0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2023-0312","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The purpose of this article’s research was threefold. Firstly, it aimed to investigate how social services professionals coped during the pandemic period by comparing their involvement in five different national contexts. Secondly, it analysed how these professionals have performed their duties according to the street-level bureaucracy theory. Finally, the third question examines social workers' strategies to guide their professional role when they may have had more discretion in their actions. The research also examined whether discretion has increased during this phase and, if so, how it has been exercised.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This article is based on the findings of the project called “Theory and Practice of Social Work in the World in Times of Pandemic”, which was funded by the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW). The project involved 11 universities across five countries in Europe and Latin America, including Argentina, Brazil, Italy, Spain and Sweden. The research was conducted over 24 months to analyse the practices and measures taken to protect vulnerable people by adapting social services during the extraordinary period of the pandemic. In addition, the research explored how the awareness of emergency arose among social workers and how it influenced the services delivered from the perspective of the street-level bureaucracy theory. In different countries, the level of resourcefulness of services has varied based on their recognition of the severity of the pandemic and the impact of the government’s narratives. In some cases, these narratives have been conspiratorial or even anti-scientific. Additionally, there has been a reduction in the distance between professionals and clients, increased inequalities in access to services and a positive reassessment of the potential of new professional tools, such as digital social work, in establishing a trusting relationship.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>As revealed in the interviews, the elements shaping this high degree of discretion among social workers can be classified into three levels: macro- and micro- (Saruis, 2015) plus a meso-level. Each level has four significant aspects. At the macro-level, these are legislation, public information, large associationism and integration of the social services-health system. At the meso-level, these are interpretations of role performance by managers technical equipment, self-organization and community action. The micro-level pertains to personal and family situations, emotions, ethics and social workers' direct relationships with those in charge.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>This study investigated how social workers responded to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data gathered sheds light on their understanding of the situation, as well as the differences in experiences across the five countries studied.","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptions of time, socioeconomic development and cultural values","authors":"Hamid Yeganeh","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-11-2023-0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2023-0305","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This article analyzes the relationships between different conceptions of time, socioeconomic development and cultural values.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>We focus on three major aspects of time, namely, 1) duration, 2) orientation and 3) tempo. Furthermore, we draw on modernization theory to distinguish between agrarian/traditional and industrial/modern societies and their respective cultural values.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Analyses indicate that agrarian/traditional societies with cultural values such as collectivism, survival, religiosity and hierarchical structures are marked by subjective/cyclical/inaccurate, past-oriented and slow-paced conceptions of time. In contrast, industrial/modern societies with cultural values such as individualism, self-expression, secularism and egalitarianism are marked by objective/linear/accurate, future-oriented and accelerated conceptions of time.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper introduces an original conceptualization of the three dimensions of time – duration, orientation and tempo – previously overlooked in the literature. Additionally, it provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the relationships between time, culture and socioeconomic development.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139977709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender employment contradictions in Israeli nonprofit organizations providing social care","authors":"Inbar Livnat, Michal Almog-Bar","doi":"10.1108/ijssp-10-2023-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2023-0248","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This article asks how gender, ethnicity and other identities intersect and shape the employment experiences of social workers. During recent decades, governments have contracted social care to for-profit and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) globally as a part of the adaption of the neoliberal approach. Most employees in these organizations are women. However, there is a lack of knowledge about women working in social service NPOs and their unique working environments.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This article explores the experiences of women employed as social workers in social care NPOs in Israel regarding intersectionality. 27 in-depth interviews were conducted with women social workers working in social service NPOs. Participants reflected diversity in ethnicity, religion and full-time and part-time jobs. Thematic analysis was used.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings shed light on: (1) the contradiction social workers experienced between the stated values of the social care NPO and those values’ conduct, (2) intersectional discrimination among social workers from vulnerable populations and (3) the lack of gender-aware policies.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Social implications</h3>\u0000<p>The need to raise awareness of the social care sector and governments to those contradictions and to promote diversity through gender-aware policies and practices.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The article suggests a conceptualization describing gender employment contradictions in social care NPOs, discusses how the angle of intersectionality expands the understanding of the complexities and pressures exerted on social workers from minority groups and emphasizes the need for social care NPOs to acknowledge and deal with these contradictions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47193,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}