Journal of Social History最新文献

{"title":"States of Liberation: Gay Men Between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany by Samuel Clowes Huneke (review)","authors":"Christopher Ewing","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac054","url":null,"abstract":"Despite gay liberation’s close associations with political leftism, historians have long debated whether or not political liberation is indebted to the proliferation of consumer choice in liberal capitalist democracies. Answering this question often involves making a simultaneous claim about the political merits of capitalism, and the apparent greyness of rainbow life under state socialism can put leftleaning historians in an uncomfortable position. Samuel Clowes Huneke’s comparative look at gay life in postwar Germany, divided between a liberal capitalist West and a state socialist East, offers a unique opportunity to think through this history in more complicated ways that will resonate in many national contexts. Huneke advances a set of three, interlinking arguments: 1) homophobia is a more malleable concept than previously understood, 2) gay liberation is historically contingent and not wedded to consumer capitalism, and 3) a focus on gay men unsettles the assumption of a West German, capitalist success story. In so doing, Huneke is elegantly able to “weave together and to compare the trajectories of male homosexuality in the two German states across the span of forty years”—an ambitious project which constitutes his primary intervention (5). Due to the scope of his project, Huneke marshals a diverse set of sources. Most notable are the many oral history interviews that Huneke conducted, with leading gay and lesbian activists, the only democratically elected prime minister of the GDR, and anonymized individuals who experienced gay life and attendant repression in both states. These testimonies fill in gaps left in the written record, which here includes documents from state and regional archives, the East German secret police, and gay activist organizations. This range allows Huneke to engage in both historical scholarship on Germany as well as in European and US queer historiography. Huneke’s project therefore follows recent works in queer German history, including those of Benno Gammerl, Craig Griffiths, and Laurie Marhoefer, among many others, in interrogating reductive narratives that still haunt the field and engaging in international scholarship to do so. The book is organized into nine, thematically-oriented chapters, which also progress chronologically, alternating in focus between East and West Germany. The first chapter offers an overview of queer life in the first half of the twentieth","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"910 - 912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48757229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Coolie’s Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict. By Radhika Singha","authors":"Hilary Buxton","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law as Performance: Theatricality, Spectatorship, and the Making of Law in Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Europe. By Julie Stone Peters","authors":"Marett Leiboff","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Riviera Exposed: An Ecohistory of Postwar Tourism and North African Labor. By Stephen L. Harp","authors":"Emily Marker","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asylum Ways of Seeing: Psychiatric Patients, American Thought and Culture. By Heather Murray","authors":"Kylie M Smith","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria. By Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine","authors":"G. Chuku","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Pulp: Genre Fiction in the Shadow of Jim Crow by Brooks Hefner (review)","authors":"Benoît Tadié","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac045","url":null,"abstract":"Brooks Hefner’s pioneering book deals with popular fiction written by, for, and about African American people between the 1920s and the 1950s. Seen from another angle, it is also about what the Black workingand middle class were reading during that period and how their reading may have offered “utopian solutions to the contradictions of the present” (140), particularly in the face of rampant Jim Crow racism. On these subjects, it delivers fascinating new insights, inviting readers to revise their assumptions about popular fiction and to rethink the fraught relationship between race and genre in American culture. Black Pulp grows out of Hefner’s acute consciousness of the exclusion of Black lives from the predominantly white pulp magazines, at a time when a variety of genres, from romance and hard-boiled detective fiction to fantasy, weird menace, SF, western and hero fiction, were elaborated in and by these periodicals. Although an unknown number of Black writers did write for the pulps, they were not identified as such by the magazines and had to deal with white characters in their stories. As a consequence, Black readers “who were reading the pulps were [. . .] trapped in a genre system that valorized whiteness above all else” (5-6) and was often underpinned by racist prejudice. But, as Hefner shows, a counter, African American, genre fiction developed in the “alternative pulp space” (46) of newspapers like the Pittsburgh Courier and Baltimore Afro-American, which had the largest circulation of all Black newspapers in the country. From the 1920s to the early 1950s (a period which coincides with the pulps’ heyday and decline), these two publications published over 2,500 stories and serial installments written by African American authors, featuring the exploits of African American characters. In Black Pulp, Hefner resurrects this vast body of fiction, which has so far been inexplicably and unjustifiably ignored by literary historians, although its readership was much greater among the Black community than that of what is now known as canonical African American fiction. Revisiting Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s concept of “signifiyin(g)” and Stuart Hall’s theory of cultural articulation, he inscribes Black genre fiction within “the competing literary systems of the early twentieth century” (13), demonstrating that it did not develop in a vacuum but was always characterized by a double articulation: while it dismantled the white pulp generic formulas and reconfigured them “in the service of racial justice” (7), it also offered Black readers the utopian “pleasures of seriality","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"895 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An African American Dilemma: A History of School Integration and Civil Rights in the North by Zoë Burkholder (review)","authors":"B. Keppel","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac043","url":null,"abstract":"In her new book, Zo€e Burkholder analyzes more than one hundred and eighty years of debates about education with deep understanding and remarkable clarity of expression. But the value of her book goes significantly beyond this particular strength. Burkholder’s mastery of both the larger social and political contexts embedded in these years is such that it is a very important history of the United States with schools—and ideas about schooling and democracy—at its center. As Lizabeth Cohen did twenty years ago in A Consumer’s Republic, Burkholder roots her narrative in her home state of New Jersey. She uses this home base as a valuable resource for understanding locally expressed cultural patterns that, in some very sad ways, characterize the dominant features of American society. Burkholder begins this history in the 1830 s, when AfricanAmericans in Boston began an “integrationist movement” under the leadership of William C. Neil (19-28). Boston’s Black community worked with some white benefactors to create rigorous community-based schools for their children. Within a few years, this school would become part of the nascent publicly supported school system, except that the Black administrative leadership and faculty were removed at this point and replaced by Whites (18-19). This is just one painfully decisive moment in a larger movement outside the South whereby patterns of segregation in fact (if not precisely in legal text) are established. Early public efforts in the 1850 s to explicitly exclude African-Americans from “common schools” succeed but are then swept back (at least in legal text) between 1863 and 1867, simultaneous with the beginnings of the Port Royal Experiment in South Carolina, which presaged the Reconstruction which began in the South in 1867. In fact, Burkholder notes that, as Reconstruction proceeded in the South, with the help of federal troops, “every Northern state except for Indiana that had previously required or permitted school segregation passed legislation prohibiting it” (33). And yet, these were also the years when de facto segregation flourished. For this reader, Burkholder’s most refreshing and important accomplishment was her consistently detailed attention to enduring disagreements among Blacks over the most practical way to “equalize educational opportunity and advance the civic foundation of public education in a democracy” (8) Starting from the crucial point that this was the universal goal of Northern Blacks, this enduring","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"897 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Stratification and Career Choice Anxieties in Nineteenth-Century Central Europe","authors":"Orel Beilinson","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Central Europe around 1900 was marred with anxiety around the choice of career. This article weaves histories of education, labor, bureaucracy, and the social sciences to show how families reacted to changes in the labor market, including the opening of careers to talent and the mechanization of handicrafts. Parents found themselves unable to guide their children to a safe profession. Whereas previously, career choices were limited, changes in education and the labor market offered adolescents more options. Simultaneously, however, some occupations became endangered and others overcrowded. The erosion of labor stratification gave families the hope of social mobility but also upended their ontological security, as traditional roads to adulthood became impossible to follow. This article uses the discourse on career choice to write a history of this crisis. The discourse was born in early modern Europe to stop parents from forcing their children into a profession against the children's wishes. In nineteenth-century Europe, however, parents and schools weaponized this discourse against each other to widen or narrow access to advanced education. Social scientists concerned with the industrial labor force joined the conversation by turning career choice into a matter of scientific expertise. Finally, the article shows how voluntary associations pioneered the provision of vocational guidance before state intervention after World War I. Thus, the article traces a significant transformation in the transition to adulthood and offers a prehistory of vocational guidance.","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"439 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrophilia, Psychiatry, and Sexology: The Making of Sexual Science in Mid-Twentieth Century Peru","authors":"P. Drinot","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I draw on two sets of sources to explore how Peruvian doctors tried to make sense of what had driven a man to engage in necrophilia in late 1942. On the one hand, I examine the case history and other related documentation that I located in Lima's psychiatric hospital. On the other, I study a detailed article written on the case by Dr Lucio D. Castro and published in 1943. Together, these sources provide rich evidence on how Peruvian doctors addressed what they framed as an abnormality of the sexual instinct and, in turn, as a mental disorder. But the case also provides a fascinating vista on a major taboo—sex with the dead—and more generally on the history of \"perversion\" and therefore on the history of sexuality in Peru. I pay particular attention to how doctors mobilized an eclectic \"theoretical artillery\" of biomedical knowledge in trying to explain the man's psychopathology. I argue that through their \"unruly appropriation\" of sexological knowledge, doctors like Castro sought to make meaningful contributions to a global sexual science while proposing means to channel sexuality away from deviant forms in a manner consonant with broader projects of sexual regulation that Peru and other countries promoted at the time.","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"782 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43661678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}