Journal of Social History最新文献

{"title":"The People’s Hotel: Working for Justice in Argentina. By Katherine Sobering","authors":"Jennifer A Adair","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right to a Favor: International Scholarships, Clientelism, and the Class Politics of Merit in Post-Revolutionary Mexico","authors":"R. Newman","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article considers the ways that middle-class and elite citizens in post-revolutionary Mexico pursued access to exclusive favors from the state in the 1920s and 1930s and emphasizes the overlooked role of merit as political logic in this era. Examining political discourse within clientelist exchanges through the close reading of petitions, I explore ideas about class and nation as articulated by young strivers and their families who sought scholarships for foreign study. The article argues that working within clientelism, upwardly mobile Mexicans strategically wielded merit to preserve and legitimate their status amid social tectonic shifts. Petitioners’ ideas of merit encompassed individual loyalty and patriotism, unique talents, and inherited status. I identify heritable and disciplinary merit as distinct yet compatible understandings of worthiness used by privileged citizens. These citizens claimed that exceptional Mexicans trained abroad would make an outsized contribution to the national well-being and thus deserved special rewards, an argument which anticipated rationales that the Mexican state would later embrace for its modernization policy. After 1940, the state expanded international scholarship programs and invoked the same terms that citizens had used in the early post-revolutionary period to justify socially regressive benefits providing foreign education for the already fortunate.","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"States of Liberation: Gay Men Between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany by Samuel Clowes Huneke (review)","authors":"Christopher Ewing","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac054","url":null,"abstract":"Despite gay liberation’s close associations with political leftism, historians have long debated whether or not political liberation is indebted to the proliferation of consumer choice in liberal capitalist democracies. Answering this question often involves making a simultaneous claim about the political merits of capitalism, and the apparent greyness of rainbow life under state socialism can put leftleaning historians in an uncomfortable position. Samuel Clowes Huneke’s comparative look at gay life in postwar Germany, divided between a liberal capitalist West and a state socialist East, offers a unique opportunity to think through this history in more complicated ways that will resonate in many national contexts. Huneke advances a set of three, interlinking arguments: 1) homophobia is a more malleable concept than previously understood, 2) gay liberation is historically contingent and not wedded to consumer capitalism, and 3) a focus on gay men unsettles the assumption of a West German, capitalist success story. In so doing, Huneke is elegantly able to “weave together and to compare the trajectories of male homosexuality in the two German states across the span of forty years”—an ambitious project which constitutes his primary intervention (5). Due to the scope of his project, Huneke marshals a diverse set of sources. Most notable are the many oral history interviews that Huneke conducted, with leading gay and lesbian activists, the only democratically elected prime minister of the GDR, and anonymized individuals who experienced gay life and attendant repression in both states. These testimonies fill in gaps left in the written record, which here includes documents from state and regional archives, the East German secret police, and gay activist organizations. This range allows Huneke to engage in both historical scholarship on Germany as well as in European and US queer historiography. Huneke’s project therefore follows recent works in queer German history, including those of Benno Gammerl, Craig Griffiths, and Laurie Marhoefer, among many others, in interrogating reductive narratives that still haunt the field and engaging in international scholarship to do so. The book is organized into nine, thematically-oriented chapters, which also progress chronologically, alternating in focus between East and West Germany. The first chapter offers an overview of queer life in the first half of the twentieth","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48757229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Coolie’s Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict. By Radhika Singha","authors":"Hilary Buxton","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law as Performance: Theatricality, Spectatorship, and the Making of Law in Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Europe. By Julie Stone Peters","authors":"Marett Leiboff","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Riviera Exposed: An Ecohistory of Postwar Tourism and North African Labor. By Stephen L. Harp","authors":"Emily Marker","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asylum Ways of Seeing: Psychiatric Patients, American Thought and Culture. By Heather Murray","authors":"Kylie M Smith","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria. By Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine","authors":"G. Chuku","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Pulp: Genre Fiction in the Shadow of Jim Crow by Brooks Hefner (review)","authors":"Benoît Tadié","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac045","url":null,"abstract":"Brooks Hefner’s pioneering book deals with popular fiction written by, for, and about African American people between the 1920s and the 1950s. Seen from another angle, it is also about what the Black workingand middle class were reading during that period and how their reading may have offered “utopian solutions to the contradictions of the present” (140), particularly in the face of rampant Jim Crow racism. On these subjects, it delivers fascinating new insights, inviting readers to revise their assumptions about popular fiction and to rethink the fraught relationship between race and genre in American culture. Black Pulp grows out of Hefner’s acute consciousness of the exclusion of Black lives from the predominantly white pulp magazines, at a time when a variety of genres, from romance and hard-boiled detective fiction to fantasy, weird menace, SF, western and hero fiction, were elaborated in and by these periodicals. Although an unknown number of Black writers did write for the pulps, they were not identified as such by the magazines and had to deal with white characters in their stories. As a consequence, Black readers “who were reading the pulps were [. . .] trapped in a genre system that valorized whiteness above all else” (5-6) and was often underpinned by racist prejudice. But, as Hefner shows, a counter, African American, genre fiction developed in the “alternative pulp space” (46) of newspapers like the Pittsburgh Courier and Baltimore Afro-American, which had the largest circulation of all Black newspapers in the country. From the 1920s to the early 1950s (a period which coincides with the pulps’ heyday and decline), these two publications published over 2,500 stories and serial installments written by African American authors, featuring the exploits of African American characters. In Black Pulp, Hefner resurrects this vast body of fiction, which has so far been inexplicably and unjustifiably ignored by literary historians, although its readership was much greater among the Black community than that of what is now known as canonical African American fiction. Revisiting Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s concept of “signifiyin(g)” and Stuart Hall’s theory of cultural articulation, he inscribes Black genre fiction within “the competing literary systems of the early twentieth century” (13), demonstrating that it did not develop in a vacuum but was always characterized by a double articulation: while it dismantled the white pulp generic formulas and reconfigured them “in the service of racial justice” (7), it also offered Black readers the utopian “pleasures of seriality","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An African American Dilemma: A History of School Integration and Civil Rights in the North by Zoë Burkholder (review)","authors":"B. Keppel","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac043","url":null,"abstract":"In her new book, Zo€e Burkholder analyzes more than one hundred and eighty years of debates about education with deep understanding and remarkable clarity of expression. But the value of her book goes significantly beyond this particular strength. Burkholder’s mastery of both the larger social and political contexts embedded in these years is such that it is a very important history of the United States with schools—and ideas about schooling and democracy—at its center. As Lizabeth Cohen did twenty years ago in A Consumer’s Republic, Burkholder roots her narrative in her home state of New Jersey. She uses this home base as a valuable resource for understanding locally expressed cultural patterns that, in some very sad ways, characterize the dominant features of American society. Burkholder begins this history in the 1830 s, when AfricanAmericans in Boston began an “integrationist movement” under the leadership of William C. Neil (19-28). Boston’s Black community worked with some white benefactors to create rigorous community-based schools for their children. Within a few years, this school would become part of the nascent publicly supported school system, except that the Black administrative leadership and faculty were removed at this point and replaced by Whites (18-19). This is just one painfully decisive moment in a larger movement outside the South whereby patterns of segregation in fact (if not precisely in legal text) are established. Early public efforts in the 1850 s to explicitly exclude African-Americans from “common schools” succeed but are then swept back (at least in legal text) between 1863 and 1867, simultaneous with the beginnings of the Port Royal Experiment in South Carolina, which presaged the Reconstruction which began in the South in 1867. In fact, Burkholder notes that, as Reconstruction proceeded in the South, with the help of federal troops, “every Northern state except for Indiana that had previously required or permitted school segregation passed legislation prohibiting it” (33). And yet, these were also the years when de facto segregation flourished. For this reader, Burkholder’s most refreshing and important accomplishment was her consistently detailed attention to enduring disagreements among Blacks over the most practical way to “equalize educational opportunity and advance the civic foundation of public education in a democracy” (8) Starting from the crucial point that this was the universal goal of Northern Blacks, this enduring","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}