Police Practice and Research最新文献

{"title":"Registering a proposed business reduces police stops of innocent people? Reconsidering the effects of strip clubs on sex crimes found in Ciacci & Sviatschi’s study of New York City","authors":"Brandon del Pozo, Peter Moskos, John K. Donohue, John Hall","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2253350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2253350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCiacci & Sviatschi’s ‘The Effect of Adult Entertainment Establishments on Sex Crime: Evidence from New York City,’ published in The Economic Journal, concluded that opening new adult entertainment businesses reduces sex crimes, with the most compelling finding that ‘[strip clubs, gentleman’s clubs, and escort services] decrease sex crime by 13% per police precinct one week after the opening.’ We contend that the study’s conclusions speak beyond the data, which cannot support these findings because they do not measure the necessary variables. The study uses the date a business is registered with New York State as a proxy for its opening date, but the actual date of opening comes weeks or months later, after requirements such as inspections, licensure, and community board approval. The study then uses police Stop, Question and Frisk Reports as data about subsequent crimes. As reports created to memorialize forcible police stops based on less than probable cause, 94% of these reports document that the police had an unfounded belief in criminal activity, and the person stopped was innocent of any crime. In effect, what the study has done is measure changes in police encounters with innocent people in the week after an entity has filed the paperwork that will eventually allow it to open as a business. The study lacks construct validity, cannot reject the null hypothesis of its most important finding, and its methods fall short of the rigor necessary to permit replication.KEYWORDS: Sex crimesex workstop and friskpolicelaw enforcement Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. The Patrol Services Bureau of the New York City Police Department divides the city into 77 precincts (see p. 2 of Ciacci and Sviatschi (Citation2021)), with a mean population of 110,000 residents (i.e., New York City’s 2021 population of 8.46 million divided by 77). The study asserts that the opening of one adult entertainment establishment has a marginal effect of significantly reducing sex crimes among this mean population within a week.2. In the references to Ciacci and Sviatschi (Citation2021) here, we provide page numbers for the PDF of the paper published in its final form in The Economic Journal.3. https://www.superpages.com/search?search_terms=strip+club&geo_location_terms=New+York%2C+NY4. https://www.superpages.com/search?search_terms=escort&geo_location_terms= New+York+City%2C+NY5. https://www.superpages.com/search?search_terms=Gentlemen%27s+Club&geo_location_terms=New+York%2C+NY6. https://www.yellowpages.com/search?search_terms=strip+club&geo_location_terms=New+York+City%2C+NY7. https://www.yellowpages.com/search?search_terms=Gentlemen%27s+Club&geo_location_terms=New+York%2C+NY8. https://www.yellowpages.com/search?search_terms=Escort+Service&geo_location_terms=New+York+City%2C+NY9. See https://www.eros.com/new_york/new_york/eros.htm for one of many examples of services that operate citywide, outside the realm of t","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1033 Program data for studying Policing and militarization: an open-source database in response to the recommendations of Koslicki (2023)","authors":"Nathan T. Connealy, Abigail R. Hall, Chivon H. Fitch","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2254887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2254887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80937064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the eye of the powerholder: examining the relationship between uniform and accoutrement combinations and police self-legitimacy","authors":"E. Sargeant, Rylan Simpson","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2246620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2246620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73248030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police lethal force errors and stress physiology during video and live evaluation simulations","authors":"P. M. Di Nota, Juha-Matti Huhta, Evelyn C. Boychuk, J. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2237624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2237624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88532419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replicating & reproducing policing research","authors":"Khadija M. Monk, Jacek Koziarski","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2221075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2221075","url":null,"abstract":"In science, replication and reproduction are critical for understanding the reliability of findings from scholarship that came before. When an independent group of researchers collects new data with the intention to replicate an earlier study and end up drawing similar conclusions, our certainty in knowing or understanding the phenomenon under scientific scrutiny grows; if, on the other hand, a replication fails to draw similar conclusions, what we know or understand about the phenomenon under scientific scrutiny is rightfully called into question (Lamal, 1990; Popper, 2005; Simons, 2014). As such, replication and reproduction in science is not only critical for knowledge creation, but for verifying what we know as well. Despite serving as critical pillars in the creation and verification of scientific knowledge, however, some fields do not engage in replication or reproduction efforts regularly. Psychology, for example, has been experiencing a so-called ‘replication crisis’ for the better part of the last two decades after researchers not only realized that few studies in the field have been replicated or reproduced, but when replications or reproductions were attempted, they were either not possible to conduct or failed to draw conclusions that were similar to their original investigations (Makel et al., 2012; Maxwell et al., 2015). The picture of replication and reproduction in criminology, and indeed the sub-field of policing, are no different. An investigation by McNeeley and Warner (2015), for example, found that between 2006 and 2010, just over 2% of published criminological studies were replications. And in policing, with exception to a small list of police practices that have received considerable empirical attention – such as hot spots policing (e.g., Braga et al., 2019) – policing scholarship has largely not faced the scrutiny of subsequent replication or reproduction efforts either. As such, whether replications or reproductions of existing policing scholarship can yield conclusions similar to their original investigations, let alone whether replications or reproductions of existing policing scholarship are even possible to begin with, remains to be seen. While an Editorial Introduction is not the appropriate venue to unpack the many reasons for why a replication crisis, too, exists in the field of policing, we would like to briefly touch upon one of these reasons: a bias toward publishing scholarship that is new, original, and innovative (Huey & Bennell, 2017). This bias is likely influenced by the fact that policing as an academic field is still ‘new’, so there is still a considerable amount of the profession that has been untapped for empirical investigation. Indeed, Discussion sections published in across policing journals – including this one – often contain a laundry list of related areas in need of future research because there is much more left to explore. Additionally, with the police possessing a broad net of roles and respo","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89443182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How police investigators seek to secure that suspects speaking a second language understand their rights in investigative interviews","authors":"Jan Svennevig, P. Urbanik, Aafke Diepeveen","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2233660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2233660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78460166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of critical incidents, work stress, and organizational support on PTSD symptoms among law enforcement officers: a moderated moderation model","authors":"E. Fuller, G. Boland, Temilola K. Salami","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2231594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2231594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75744845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did De-policing contribute to the 2020 homicide spikes?","authors":"Dae-Young Kim","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2235056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2235056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85124695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel lines? The homogeneous and gendered career patterns of senior leaders in policing in England and Wales","authors":"J. Alexander, S. Charman","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2231593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2231593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80047013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community policing during the pandemic","authors":"Christina Smylie, Linda Duxbury, C. Bennell","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2023.2222869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2222869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80311308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}