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Avoidable hospital admissions depend on the primary healthcare governance model? A global health perspective from Europe countries 可避免的住院取决于初级医疗治理模式？从欧洲国家看全球健康
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12523
João Paulo Magalhães, Joana Pestana, Renato Lourenço Silva, António Pereira, André Biscaia
{"title":"Avoidable hospital admissions depend on the primary healthcare governance model? A global health perspective from Europe countries","authors":"João Paulo Magalhães,&nbsp;Joana Pestana,&nbsp;Renato Lourenço Silva,&nbsp;António Pereira,&nbsp;André Biscaia","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12523","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Primary healthcare (PHC) governance model, namely its financing scheme, might impact the health outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions, through avoidable hospital admissions (AvH). Therefore, the study aims to assess how the PHC financial governance model determines AvH, as well as how this interacts with the health system financing (HSF) scheme. An observational study comparing the GP employment type (publicly and self/privately) with asthma and COPD, and Diabetes AvH per 100,000 habitants in 26 countries of the European Region, was performed. It considered 4 regression models with structural determinants, service delivery and HSF schemes. GP self/privately employed group associated with social health insurance scheme was significantly associated with higher total AvH (OR = 28.27 [CI 95% 2.34–77.54]), and for asthma and COPD AvH (OR = 21.88 [CI 95% 6.69–180.18]). Diabetes AvH were significantly associated with increasing GP outpatient coverage (model 1) and GP availability (model 2) under a GP self/privately employed group (respectively, OR = 17.01 [CI 95% 3.67–20.63] and OR = 17.80 [CI 95% 8.12–130.35]). The study evidenced that publicly employed GPs working in a tax-based HSF scheme ensure better health outcomes for the population. Although some limitations of equity and categorisation, the results show that the governance model might influence population health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loan packaging decisions for beginning African American and other socially disadvantaged farmers 为非洲裔美国人和其他社会处境不利的新手农民做出贷款打包决定
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12522
Cesar L. Escalante, Penghui Gao, William Secor
{"title":"Loan packaging decisions for beginning African American and other socially disadvantaged farmers","authors":"Cesar L. Escalante,&nbsp;Penghui Gao,&nbsp;William Secor","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents evidence on the relative accommodation of credit requests made by minority start-up entrepreneurs in the U.S. farm sector. Loan packaging terms (amount, interest rate, and maturity) prescribed by lending officers of the Farm Service Agency, the government's lending arm to the farm sector, are analyzed and compared across racial/ethnic and gender groups of borrowers. The intention is to discern whether prescribed loan terms are favorable and supportive of the new farms' business growth and survival goals and uncover any trends of preferential treatment for certain groups of borrowers. Econometric results did not uncover any significant deviations in the lenders' decisions for beginning African American and White farmers for all three components of the loan package. While most packaging term decisions were similar among borrowers of different racial/ethnic attributes, the only exceptional terms were significantly larger loan amounts for American Indians and higher interest rates for Hispanic Americans. Compared to farmers in the South, loan term decisions seem to align with regional concentrations of farm typologies, such as the prevalence of livestock operations in the Plains and Midwest that require longer loan repayment periods and larger crop farms in the West with higher loan amount approvals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajes.12522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135792147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The economic disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White households: An analysis of middle-class achievement 拉美裔和非拉美裔白人家庭之间的经济差距：中产阶级成就分析
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12521
Hua Zan, Jessie X. Fan, Benvin Lozada
{"title":"The economic disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White households: An analysis of middle-class achievement","authors":"Hua Zan,&nbsp;Jessie X. Fan,&nbsp;Benvin Lozada","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We utilize data from the 2010–2019 Consumer Expenditure Surveys to examine middle-class achievement of English-speaking and non-English-speaking Hispanic households compared to non-Hispanic white households in the United States. Using an innovative expenditure-based middle-class measure, our findings show that non-English-speaking Hispanics lag English-speaking Hispanics, and English-speaking Hispanics lag whites, in middle-class attainment. We also identify significant structural differences among the three groups, particularly in how education, marriage, and employment affect middle-class achievement. Non-English-speaking Hispanics have a lower rate of return on education compared to both whites and English-speaking Hispanics. Non-English-speaking Hispanics experience lower marriage and employment premiums compared to their English-speaking Hispanic counterparts, and English-speaking Hispanics experience lower marriage and employment premiums compared to whites. This study contributes to the literature by introducing the innovative expenditure-based middle-class measure and emphasizing the importance of considering within-group differences among Hispanics to reduce the Hispanic-white economic disparity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing economic freedom via school choice and competition: Have state laws been enabling enough to generate broad-based effects? 通过择校和竞争增强经济自由：州法律是否足以产生广泛的影响？
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12515
John Garen
{"title":"Enhancing economic freedom via school choice and competition: Have state laws been enabling enough to generate broad-based effects?","authors":"John Garen","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An aspect of economic freedom that varies across U.S. states is K-12 educational freedom. Some states allow a degree of choice for families in selecting schools outside public schools for their children. However, the enabling laws for such programs are often quite restrictive and limited to few children. Can this limited degree of competition and choice have a noticeable effect on an entire state's overall K-12 performance? I find strikingly large test score gains for states that have adopted voucher programs and/or Education Savings Accounts (ESAs), swamping the effect of per pupil K-12 spending on test scores. Moreover, vouchers and ESAs are associated with less per pupil spending. These effects are robust to a host of specification checks. A key factor is the amount of a program's funding that “follows the student,” even if a small number of students are eligible. Overall, it seems that even a small measure of educational freedom has a large effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 4","pages":"289-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49080646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When forgiveness beats permission: Exploring the scholarly ethos of clinical faculty in economics 当宽恕胜过许可:探索经济学临床教师的学术气质
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12514
Franklin G. Mixon Jr., Kamal P. Upadhyaya
{"title":"When forgiveness beats permission: Exploring the scholarly ethos of clinical faculty in economics","authors":"Franklin G. Mixon Jr.,&nbsp;Kamal P. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of the “clinical professor” – sometimes referred to as a “professor of practice,” or something similar – is in widespread use in academe. Economics and business disciplines all now entertain the prospect of teaching specialists. This study extends prior research on economics scholarship at liberal arts colleges by examining whether clinical economics faculty are invested in a program of research. After discussing conceptual arguments for why one should expect to see clinical economics faculty engaging in research, we examine citations data for clinical faculty in economics who are affiliated with what <i>U.S. News &amp; World Report</i> classifies as national colleges and universities. That examination reveals that the 206 clinical faculty employed across the 90 institutions have produced academic scholarship that has garnered about 125,000 citations. Moreover, a deeper exploration suggests that the research ethos pervading the clinical economics faculties employed by America's large research universities appears to be quite similar to that characterizing the economics departments at liberal arts colleges.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"75-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Free market economy: Is the market or prices free? Theory and evidence from the United States 自由市场经济：市场还是价格是自由的？来自美国的理论和证据
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12513
Rıdvan Karacan, Mehmet Emin Yardımcı
{"title":"Free market economy: Is the market or prices free? Theory and evidence from the United States","authors":"Rıdvan Karacan,&nbsp;Mehmet Emin Yardımcı","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global price increases have reached their highest levels in recent times. Finding the reasons for the price increase is very important for economic stabilization. In this paper, it has been estimated that exorbitant price increases may be related to a free market economy. For this purpose, unlike other studies, a comparative analysis of the impact of the free market economy on prices was conducted. The study covers the period 1990–2020, and using the U.S. economy, which is a free market economy, the relationship between property rights, the size of government in the economy, and prices were examined using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results show that the free market model has a positive effect on the price increase, while the size of the government's economy does not affect the price increase in the same direction. This study aims to provide a different perspective to policymakers in the fight against price instability, which is one of the most important problems facing the economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"59-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
US state-level economic freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID - 19大流行期间美国州级经济自由
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12512
Vincent J. Miozzi, Benjamin Powell
{"title":"US state-level economic freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Vincent J. Miozzi,&nbsp;Benjamin Powell","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12512","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to extensive new government regulations and lockdown policies that significantly reduced economic freedom across US states. Many of these new pandemic-related regulatory restrictions on economic freedom varied significantly from state to state but are largely missed by the existing <i>Economic Freedom of North America Report</i> (EFNA). This paper adjusts the Our World in Data <i>COVID-19 Stringency Index</i> into a state-level measure of <i>lockdown regulatory freedom</i> and then merges it into the EFNA index to better measure relative economic freedom across US states in 2020. We find significant differences in the relative ranking of economic freedom between states once we adjust for lockdown regulatory restrictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 4","pages":"349-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The association between marital locus of control and break-up intentions 婚姻控制点与分手意向之间的关系
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12511
David Boto-García, Federico Perali
{"title":"The association between marital locus of control and break-up intentions","authors":"David Boto-García,&nbsp;Federico Perali","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12511","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding couple instability is a topic of social and economic relevance. This paper investigates how the risk of dissolution relates to efforts to solve disagreements. We study whether marital locus of control (a noncognitive trait that captures individual's perception of control over problems within the couple) is associated with the prevalence of relationship instability in the past. We implement a list experiment using the count-item technique to a sample of current real-life couples to elicit truthful answers about couple break-up intentions in the past at the individual level. We find that around 44% of our sample has considered to end their relationship with their current partner at least once in the past. The intention to break-up is more prevalent among those who score low in marital locus of control, males, low-income earners, individuals with university studies, and couples without children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"35-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajes.12511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44498473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Just-below pricing in real estate: Impact by price segment and market conditions 略低于房地产价格：受价格细分和市场条件的影响
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12510
Jason Beck, Lindsay Levine, Michael Toma
{"title":"Just-below pricing in real estate: Impact by price segment and market conditions","authors":"Jason Beck,&nbsp;Lindsay Levine,&nbsp;Michael Toma","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12510","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most prior studies of just-below pricing have primarily focused on low-stakes inconsequential consumer purchases, such as everyday household items. Using data from the Multiple Listing Service for the city of Savannah, Georgia, from 2006 through 2021, this study extends the more limited research on just-below pricing for more consequential purchases, specifically housing. Beyond an examination into the general effectiveness of just-below pricing in real estate, this study also explores the heterogeneous effects of its usage on sale price during different market conditions and in different market segments. The study shows that just-below pricing is common in the real estate market, and it does have an impact on final sale price, working most effectively within cold real estate markets. Furthermore, it is found that just-below pricing works best (though it is utilized least often) within low-end price segments, while just-below pricing can work against the seller in high-end home price segments (though it is used most often in these segments).</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stochastic convergence analysis of US state economic freedom sub-components: Evidence from unit root tests for bounded processes 美国国家经济自由子成分的随机收敛分析:有界过程的单位根检验证据
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12509
James E. Payne, James W. Saunoris, Saban Nazlioglu, Cagin Karul
{"title":"Stochastic convergence analysis of US state economic freedom sub-components: Evidence from unit root tests for bounded processes","authors":"James E. Payne,&nbsp;James W. Saunoris,&nbsp;Saban Nazlioglu,&nbsp;Cagin Karul","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12509","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study tests for convergence of the three main sub-components of economic freedom (government spending, taxation, and labor market freedom) for the 50 US states from 1981 to 2019. In particular, we test for stochastic convergence using unit root tests that account for structural breaks and bounded processes. By controlling for these sources of parameter instability, we find limited evidence in favor of stochastic convergence across the three sub-components of economic freedom. However, we find more evidence of stochastic convergence with respect to the sub-components than in the case of the overall economic freedom at the US state level. Our results highlight the distinct nature of the institutional quality across states as represented by government spending, taxation, and labor market freedom.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 4","pages":"319-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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