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Pandemic preparedness and the road to international fascism 流行病防范与国际法西斯主义之路
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12531
David Bell
{"title":"Pandemic preparedness and the road to international fascism","authors":"David Bell","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12531","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The World Health Organization's broad definition of health embraces physical, mental and social well-being. Expressed in its 1946 constitution alongside concepts of community participation and national sovereignty, it reflected an understanding of a world emerging from centuries of colonialist oppression and the public health industry's shameful facilitation of fascism. Health policy would be people-centered, closely tied to human rights and self-determination. The COVID-19 response has demonstrated how these ideals have been undone. Decades of increasing funding within public-private partnerships have corroded the basis of global public health. The COVID-19 response, intended for a virus that overwhelmingly targeted the elderly, ignored norms of epidemic management and human rights to institute a regime of suppression, censorship, and coercion reminiscent of the power systems and governance that were previously condemned. Without pausing to examine the costs, the public health industry is developing international instruments and processes that will entrench these destructive practices in international law. Public health, presented as a series of health emergencies, is being used once again to facilitate a fascist approach to societal management. The beneficiaries will be the corporations and investors whom the COVID-19 response served well. Human rights and individual freedom, as under previous fascist regimes, will lose. The public health industry must urgently awaken to the changing world in which it works, if it is to adopt a role in saving public health rather than contributing to its degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 5","pages":"395-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajes.12531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The corrupt politics of chemical weapons 化学武器的腐败政治
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12530
Piers Robinson
{"title":"The corrupt politics of chemical weapons","authors":"Piers Robinson","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12530","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is a significant component of the global governance structure and considered a gold standard international body with 193 member states and scientific divisions expected to adhere rigorously to objectivity and political neutrality. However, OPCW's reputation has recently been tarnished. Dissenting scientists from within the organization have raised serious questions about the integrity of an OPCW fact-finding mission (FFM) investigating the alleged chemical attack in Douma, Syria on April 7, 2018. The OPCW FFMs are tainted in three ways: (1) they rely upon information provided via intermediaries connected to states that are belligerents in the war in Syria; (2) the organizational structure of an FFM excludes scientific and verification divisions of the OPCW; and (3) control of FFMs is held by a bureaucratic office staffed by career diplomats who are from states involved with the Syrian war. Furthermore, officials involved with the Douma FFM investigation report the following anomalies: (a) an original interim report was secretly altered in order to make an unsubstantiated suggestion that an alleged attack had occurred; (b) A U.S. delegation was allowed to brief the FFM, an action prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention; and (c) formal attempts by the inspectors to obtain transparency and dialog was rejected by the OPCW. Meanwhile, the United States and its allies have dismissed questions as Russian “disinformation” or as a “conspiracy theory.” Overall, analysis of the alleged Douma attack and the OPCW's FFM supports the thesis that key international organizations have been effectively captured, or at the very least heavily influenced, by particular states that assume their own impartiality. This shortcoming poses a risk to international peace and security.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 5","pages":"481-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43561056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How hotel firm value fluctuates with alternative leveraging strategies 酒店企业价值如何随不同杠杆策略而波动?
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12528
Ying Chen, Eric Valenzuela, Don Capener
{"title":"How hotel firm value fluctuates with alternative leveraging strategies","authors":"Ying Chen,&nbsp;Eric Valenzuela,&nbsp;Don Capener","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12528","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12528","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study empirically examines the impact of leverage and capital structure on firm value for the US hotel industry from 1991 to 2017. We find strong evidence that leverage positively relates to firm value for firms in the hotel industry. This relationship is most robust for hotel firms with low financial health, consistent with the theory that firms signal positive information through capital structure. We also find that the relationship between leverage and firm value was weakened during the financial crisis, particularly for firms close to financial distress. Our results suggest that hotel management, creditors, and investors should pay attention to the magnifying effect of leverage on firm performance and the impact of financial crises on the value of debt. This study's empirical results also support the idea that firms in the hotel industry signal to outside investors through debt.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"177-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43210833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of new prison construction on the likelihood of incarceration 新监狱建设对监禁可能性的影响
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12529
Daniel D. Bonneau, Joshua C. Hall
{"title":"The impact of new prison construction on the likelihood of incarceration","authors":"Daniel D. Bonneau,&nbsp;Joshua C. Hall","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12529","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prison overcrowding is a major public policy issue with roughly 2.2 million individuals currently incarcerated in the United States. In the absence of reductions in the prison population, the only way to address overcrowding are the expansion of current facilities or the construction of new prisons. Previous research has demonstrated that factors unrelated to the law can affect the decisions made by prosecutors and judges. We investigate the effect of newly constructed prisons in Florida on the probability of defendants being sentenced to prison within 6 months of the prison receiving inmates. The results reveal that these defendants have a greater likelihood of being incarcerated in prison compared to similar defendants whose cases were resolved before the prison became operational. This indicates the potential for a regional-level substitution between jail and prison incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"199-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajes.12529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stratification economics in the land of persistent inequalities 持续不平等土地上的分层经济学
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12527
Luis Monroy-Gómez-Franco, Paloma Villagómez-Ornelas
{"title":"Stratification economics in the land of persistent inequalities","authors":"Luis Monroy-Gómez-Franco,&nbsp;Paloma Villagómez-Ornelas","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12527","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stratification economics has emerged as a field that puts historically and institutionally determined intergroup hierarchies at the forefront of distributive analysis. However, most of the existing theoretical and empirical literature has focused on studying the US stratification regime, limiting the potential application of this analytical framework to other geographies. This paper applies the theoretical framework of stratification economics to analyze the Mexican distributive regime. In the process, we show that expanding the regional focus of stratification economics requires incorporating several insights from other traditions of stratification analysis. Furthermore, we show that a stratification economics approach overcomes several pitfalls of more traditional approaches to analyzing the Mexican distributive regime, such as the human capital approach that anchored several public policy interventions deployed at the beginning of the XXIst century.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"157-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42827815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Productivity Factors and the Growth of the Manufacturing Sector among the East African Community Members States: Testing the Adequacy of the Endogenous Growth Hypothesis 生产力因素与东非共同体成员国制造业的增长:检验内生增长假说的充分性
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.47672/aje.1512
Benjamin Musiita, Leward Jeke, Dickson Turyareeba, Mugambe Kenneth, Ben Boyi, Thomas Kisaalita, Richard Richard Mwesige, Geoffrey Kahangane
{"title":"Productivity Factors and the Growth of the Manufacturing Sector among the East African Community Members States: Testing the Adequacy of the Endogenous Growth Hypothesis","authors":"Benjamin Musiita, Leward Jeke, Dickson Turyareeba, Mugambe Kenneth, Ben Boyi, Thomas Kisaalita, Richard Richard Mwesige, Geoffrey Kahangane","doi":"10.47672/aje.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aje.1512","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: It is well documented that the manufacturing industry plays a vital role in a country's economic growth and progress. This study benchmarks the endogenous growth paradigm in order to assess the productivity drivers that may affect the output growth of the manufacturing sector in East African Community member states. The empirical model covering the years 2000–2020 was constructed using panel data. \u0000Methodology: The study adopts a longitudinal research design and tables used to present summary estimates. Analysis has been achieved using stata statistical package version 17.0. A D-GMM estimator was employed to estimate the underlying empirical model. \u0000Findings: Foreign direct investments, inflation, trade openness, and lending interest rates were shown to be the most influential variables in the rise of manufacturing sector production among EAC member states out of a large sample of productivity indicators analyzed in the study. \u0000Recommendations: The results show that EAC countries can boost their manufacturing output by attracting more FDI, keeping inflation low, boosting cross-border trade, and enacting policies to lower the costs associated with credit access. Unique in this study is the analysis, first of its kind, of the productivity drivers of the growth in manufacturing sector output in the East African Community member states within the general framework of endogenous growth theory.    \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76979204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of infant daycare on later-in-life employment outcomes 婴儿日托对日后就业结果的影响
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12524
David M. Zimmer
{"title":"The effects of infant daycare on later-in-life employment outcomes","authors":"David M. Zimmer","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12524","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper first develops a theoretical model of the returns to daycare, which attempts to show that families enroll their children into daycare based on its expected benefits and costs. The paper then moves to an empirical study that seeks to determine whether enrolling an infant in daycare affects his or her later-in-life employment and poverty status. To identify the causal effect of interest, the econometric approach employs a recently developed panel estimator that accommodates the dynamic nature of later-in-life employment and income, while also controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. The main finding is that, although infant daycare enrollment appears to correlate with positive later-in-life outcomes, addressing potential bias in that link renders the estimated effects highly imprecise, such that one cannot confidently conclude whether daycare helps or hinders later-in-life outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":"143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49418277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An exploratory study of the impact of tax freedom on geographic living-cost differentials 税收自由对地理生活成本差异影响的探索性研究
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12525
Richard J. Cebula, Christopher M. Duquette, G. Jason Jolley
{"title":"An exploratory study of the impact of tax freedom on geographic living-cost differentials","authors":"Richard J. Cebula,&nbsp;Christopher M. Duquette,&nbsp;G. Jason Jolley","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12525","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, there exist enormous geographic differentials in the cost of living. A sound, basic understanding of factors that influence such geographic living-cost differentials is important to help formulate useful policies to address various contemporary economic and social problems such as public-school funding across counties. In this exploratory study of the effects of tax freedom on geographic living-cost differentials, the following hypothesis is investigated using panel data for the period 2009 through 2020. The higher the average overall freedom from taxation in a state in the forms of personal income taxation, property taxation, and sales taxation, the lower the overall cost of living in the state. In this exploratory study, strong empirical support is obtained for this heretofore effectively overlooked hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 4","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to symposium: Dimensions of US economic freedom at the sub-national level 研讨会简介：美国经济自由在地方层面的维度
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12526
James E. Payne, James W. Saunoris
{"title":"Introduction to symposium: Dimensions of US economic freedom at the sub-national level","authors":"James E. Payne,&nbsp;James W. Saunoris","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajes.12526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"82 4","pages":"287-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transformative Power of Financial Services on Economic Growth among Households in Mbarara Municipality 金融服务对姆巴拉拉市家庭经济增长的变革力量
IF 0.8 4区 经济学
American Journal of Economics and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.47672/aje.1497
N. Frederick, Mugisha Kyoma
{"title":"The Transformative Power of Financial Services on Economic Growth among Households in Mbarara Municipality","authors":"N. Frederick, Mugisha Kyoma","doi":"10.47672/aje.1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aje.1497","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To establish the relationship between status of available financial services and economic growth of households in Mbarara municipality in Uganda. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted cross sectional research design. Out of the 16,861 household of in Mbarara municipality, 100 households were selected using Yaro Yamane’s Statistical formula which gives a better representative sample size out of a big population size as compared to other methods (Yamane, 1969).A Standard linear regression analysis was carried out. \u0000Findings: The study findings revealed that there is a substantial positive relationship between status of financial services available and level of economic growth of households in Mbarara Municipality with 41.4% of high level the economic growth of people Mbarara Municipality is because of the good status of financial services available. Other factors such as inflation and government policy accounted for 58.6% of the level of Economic growth of people Mbarara Municipality in Uganda  \u0000Recommendations: The study also recommends that the government and other stake holders such as Mbarara municipal council and other non-governmental organizations should increase on the status of financial services available buy increasing accessibility, quality and usage since they account for 41.4% of the level the economic growth of people Mbarara Municipality Strategies to control other factors like inflation and political instability such as encouraging industrialization and exports should be put in place so since they account for 58.6% of the level of Economic growth of people Mbarara Municipality \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":47133,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83205831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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