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Weathering an Unexpected Financial Shock: The Role of Federal Disaster Assistance on Household Finance and Business Survival 抵御意外的金融冲击:联邦灾难援助对家庭财务和企业生存的作用
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721654
J. Gallagher, D. Hartley, Shawn M. Rohlin
{"title":"Weathering an Unexpected Financial Shock: The Role of Federal Disaster Assistance on Household Finance and Business Survival","authors":"J. Gallagher, D. Hartley, Shawn M. Rohlin","doi":"10.1086/721654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721654","url":null,"abstract":"First, we document the impact of being hit by a devastating tornado on household finance and business survival. The tornado paths are random and cannot be predicted using risk information. Individuals in severely damaged census blocks have a small reduction in debt and no change in bill delinquency. The business establishment survival rate declines by 9%. Second, we provide insight on the role of federal disaster assistance, which includes direct cash assistance to disaster victims and grants to repair public infrastructure, in mitigating the shock. Individuals in severely damaged blocks have 30% less credit card debt post-disaster when disaster aid is available. Migration from damaged blocks increases. Credit-constrained victims have lower bill delinquency and increase consumption. Disaster assistance is a place-based policy and results in 9% more establishments and 14% more employees post-disaster in the average-damage neighborhood. These effects are concentrated among small nonmanufacturing establishments that rely on local demand.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Clean Water and Infant Health: Evidence from Piped Water Provision in China 清洁水与婴儿健康:来自中国管道供水的证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721418
Maoyong Fan, Guojun He
{"title":"Clean Water and Infant Health: Evidence from Piped Water Provision in China","authors":"Maoyong Fan, Guojun He","doi":"10.1086/721418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721418","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the impact of clean drinking water on infant mortality in China using a novel instrumental variable: the least-cost distance of piped water infrastructure between water sources and infant mortality surveillance areas. We find that the provision of piped water significantly decreases infant mortality, with a 10 percentage point increase in piped water coverage reducing infant mortality by 15%. Compared with regions with highly polluted surface waters, access to piped water is particularly beneficial in regions with slightly polluted surface waters, in which the pollution is difficult to observe. A simple cost-benefit analysis indicates that the benefits of piped water provision in rural China significantly outweigh the estimated costs.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41656604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Participation and Duration of Environmental Agreements: Investment Lags Matter 环境协议的参与和期限：投资滞后问题
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721095
T. Eichner, Gilbert Kollenbach
{"title":"Participation and Duration of Environmental Agreements: Investment Lags Matter","authors":"T. Eichner, Gilbert Kollenbach","doi":"10.1086/721095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721095","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes participation in international environmental agreements in a dynamic game in which countries pollute and invest in two types of clean technology that differ in investment lags. If investments are noncontractible, countries underinvest in the long-lag technology in the last period of the contract, which leads to a hold-up problem. Countries do not underinvest in the short-lag technology. If the short-lag technology is sufficiently cheap, the hold-up problem becomes irrelevant, and significant participation is not feasible. Our paper supplements Battaglini and Harstad, who point out that the hold-up problem may result in significant participation and even in the first-best outcome, and shows that the assumptions required for significant participation may be more limited than expected.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45705370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Management of Timber and Nontimber Forest Products: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment in Benin, West Africa 木材和非木材林产品的管理：来自西非贝宁的一项框架实地试验的证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721698
Lauriane S. Yehouenou, S. N. Morgan, K. Grogan
{"title":"Management of Timber and Nontimber Forest Products: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment in Benin, West Africa","authors":"Lauriane S. Yehouenou, S. N. Morgan, K. Grogan","doi":"10.1086/721698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721698","url":null,"abstract":"Across sub-Saharan Africa, rapid deforestation threatens the economic and environmental benefits forests provide to communities and individuals. These losses are especially salient when forest users benefit from multiple forest products and not just timber resources. Using a common-pool resource (CPR) game in rural Benin framed around a threatened species, Afzelia africana, this paper tests how different payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs may induce conservation behavior among individuals who harvest multiple forest products (e.g., timber and leaves). PES treatments vary along two dimensions: the level of the payment and how the payment is divided among group members. We find evidence that all implemented PES treatments reduce the harvest of timber; however, a high PES payment evenly divided among group members also significantly reduced the harvest of leaves. Our findings suggest that a single-product PES focused only on whole trees might not be effective for multipurpose species.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Distributional Benefits of Rooftop Solar Capacity 屋顶太阳能发电量的分配效益
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721604
Travis E. Dauwalter, Robert Harris
{"title":"Distributional Benefits of Rooftop Solar Capacity","authors":"Travis E. Dauwalter, Robert Harris","doi":"10.1086/721604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721604","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the distribution of environmental benefits created by rooftop solar capacity in the United States. We find that benefits are increasing with income, indicating regressivity, but that households of color receive greater per capita benefits on average. Moreover, we document minimal efficiency-equity trade-off: capacity allocations that maximize total environmental benefits are nearly identical to allocations that maximize benefits received by disadvantaged groups. Thus, existing solar capacity forgoes up to $2 billion annually in environmental benefits as well as substantial improvements in distributional outcomes, further suggesting that the suboptimality of existing solar policy cannot be rationalized on equity grounds.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Do Payments for Environmental Services Affect Forest Access and Social Preferences in the Long Run? Experimental Evidence from Uganda 长期来看，环境服务的支付会影响森林获取和社会偏好吗?来自乌干达的实验证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721440
Tobias Vorlaufer, Joost de Laat, S. Engel
{"title":"Do Payments for Environmental Services Affect Forest Access and Social Preferences in the Long Run? Experimental Evidence from Uganda","authors":"Tobias Vorlaufer, Joost de Laat, S. Engel","doi":"10.1086/721440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721440","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation policies and programs may trigger unintended, potentially irreversible, changes that were initially not anticipated. Concerns have been raised that the introduction of payments for environmental services (PES) fosters the privatization of natural ecosystems to the detriment of marginalized groups. We assess the long-term impacts of PES on sharing of access to natural resources, associated norms, and social preferences. The studied PES program was implemented as a randomized control trial in western Uganda. Using survey and experimental data collected six years after the last payments were made, we find that the PES program did not lead to a lasting shift in resource sharing practices but did induce stronger social norms for resource sharing. Moreover, landowners in former PES villages exhibit more egalitarian social preferences than landowners in control villages. These results highlight that despite introducing unequal conservation benefits to communities, long-lasting negative spillovers of PES could be avoided.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
“Stepping Down the Ladder”: The Impacts of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Removal in a Developing Country “走下阶梯”：发展中国家取消化石燃料补贴的影响
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1086/721375
H. Greve, J. Lay
{"title":"“Stepping Down the Ladder”: The Impacts of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Removal in a Developing Country","authors":"H. Greve, J. Lay","doi":"10.1086/721375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides quasi-experimental evidence from Ghana on the impact of fossil fuel subsidy removal on cooking fuel choices. We find that households “stepped down the energy ladder”: modern fuel use decreased, while the use of transition and traditional fuels expanded. Price increases of 50% for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and 20% for diesel caused the share of households who mainly use firewood to increase by 3 percentage points. Urban households increased charcoal consumption by around 17%, while LPG expenditure remained constant—indicating that consumption dropped. Back-of-the-envelope cost-benefit calculations suggest that overall welfare costs, including from increased cooking-related greenhouse gas emissions, were slightly higher than fiscal savings. The LPG subsidy removal in particular was likely socially damaging. Our findings highlight the ambiguous impacts of removing LPG subsidies in developing-country contexts, where they contribute to the adoption and use of clean cooking fuels.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42652529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Priorities and Effectiveness in Wildfire Management: Evidence from Fire Spread in the Western United States 野火管理的优先级和有效性:来自美国西部火灾蔓延的证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1086/719426
A. Plantinga, Randall Walsh, Matthew J Wibbenmeyer
{"title":"Priorities and Effectiveness in Wildfire Management: Evidence from Fire Spread in the Western United States","authors":"A. Plantinga, Randall Walsh, Matthew J Wibbenmeyer","doi":"10.1086/719426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719426","url":null,"abstract":"Costs of fighting wildfires have increased substantially over the past several decades. Yet surprisingly little is known about the effectiveness of wildfire suppression or how wildfire incident managers prioritize resources threatened within a wildfire incident. We investigate the determinants of wildfire suppression effort using a novel empirical strategy comparing over 1,400 historical fire perimeters to the spatial distribution of assets at risk. We find that fires are more likely to stop spreading as they approach homes, particularly when homes are of greater value. This effect persists after controlling for physical factors (fuels, landscape, and weather) using a state-of-the-art wildfire simulation tool. As well, the probability that spread will be halted is affected by characteristics of homes 1–2 kilometers beyond a fire’s edge. Overall, we find that suppression efforts can substantively affect wildfire outcomes but that some groups may benefit more from wildfire management than others.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45467717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The Curious Case of the Missing Chinese Emissions 中国排放缺失的奇案
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1086/719021
Joel Rodrigue, Dan Sheng, Y. Tan
{"title":"The Curious Case of the Missing Chinese Emissions","authors":"Joel Rodrigue, Dan Sheng, Y. Tan","doi":"10.1086/719021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper characterizes the growth of sulfur dioxide emissions among Chinese manufacturers during the WTO-accession period. By failing to account for contemporaneous changes in markups, we demonstrate that standard emissions analyses overemphasize within-firm reductions in emissions intensity, while undervaluing the role of resource reallocation across firms. We derive an unbiased decomposition of aggregate emissions and find that emissions increased nearly one for one with total production. Although improved technology mitigated emissions growth by 18%–21% between 2000 and 2005, these gains were completely offset by resource reallocation toward dirty producers over the same time frame. Our findings imply that lowering future emissions growth among Chinese manufacturers may require lowering aggregate manufacturing production or fundamentally changing Chinese industrial composition toward cleaner industries.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Intensity-Based Rebating of Emission Pricing Revenues 基于强度的排放定价收入回扣
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1086/723645
Christoph Böhringer, C. Fischer, N. Rivers
{"title":"Intensity-Based Rebating of Emission Pricing Revenues","authors":"Christoph Böhringer, C. Fischer, N. Rivers","doi":"10.1086/723645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723645","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-pricing policies worldwide are increasingly coupled with direct or indirect subsidies where emissions pricing revenues are rebated to the regulated entities. This study analyzes the incentives created by two novel forms of rebating that reward additional emission intensity reductions: one given in proportion to output (intensity-based output rebating) and another that rebates a share of emission payments (intensity-based emission rebating). These forms are contrasted with output-based rebating, abatement-based rebating, and lump-sum rebating. Given the same emission price, intensity-based output rebating incentivizes the most intensity reductions, while abatement-based rebating causes the most output reductions, and output-based rebating puts the least pressure on output (and emissions); intensity-based emissions rebating lies in between these, by implicitly subsidizing emissions while incentivizing intensity reductions. The study supplements partial equilibrium theoretical analysis with numerical simulations to assess the performance of different mechanisms in a multisector general equilibrium model that accounts for economy-wide market interactions.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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