Epidemiology and Health System Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Reasons for Avoidance of Wearing a Face Mask by Some People During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan, Farshad Bargrizaneh, Amir Mansouri, Seyede Fatemeh Ahmadpoori, Omid Soufi, Maasumeh Elahi, Hamed Delam","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Since one of the most important methods of preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is wearing a mask, the present research was conducted to clarify the reasons for avoiding wearing a face mask by some people during the coronavirus outbreak. Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis study. In this study, 45 people from the cities of Evaz, Lar, and Gerash participated and were interviewed. The interview method was semi-structured, and the participants were selected based on purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed by the conventional approach of the qualitative study. Results: The participants of this study consisted of 45 individuals. The mean age of the samples was 41.89±12.88 years. A total of 30 themes were extracted during the qualitative content analysis and then divided into 6 categories, including personal, social, cultural, environmental, economic, and physical factors. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the factors influencing the lack of tendency to wear masks by people in the COVID-19 epidemic period are numerous and interact with each other. Therefore, for encouraging people to perform such protective behavior during the coronavirus epidemic, it is necessary to consider individual, social, environmental, economic, and physical factors together.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Among Working Adults in Dhaka City: A Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"Sabrina Ahmed, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, MSA Mansur Ahmed","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The impact of NCDs on working adults extends beyond ill health and mortality with large financial consequences; however, the distribution of NCD risk factors in working adults is understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the magnitude of NCD risk factors in Bangladeshi working adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 among 410 working adults aged between 35 to 60 years who were selected purposively and residing in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected on socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. We used mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for categorical variables. We performed inferential statistics to investigate the determinants of hypertension. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.4±6.9 years, and about one-fourth of the participants (24.7%) were current smokers. Smokeless tobacco consumption was moderate (16.5%), and alcoholic beverage intake was rare (3%). The majority of the participants (78%) reported insufficient physical activity. Furthermore, almost all participants had a history of inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (99.8% and 98.8%, respectively), and almost half of the participants (48.0%) were overweight. Moreover, age, occupation, physical activity, and education were significantly different (P<0.05) among hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. Conclusion: The results indicated a high proportion of NCD risk factors among working adults living in the capital city of Bangladesh. We believe that the findings of this study will bolster existing and future efforts to prevent NCDs in the working adult population.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"647 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135130499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Developmental Disabilities among Children Who Received Home Cares in the Neonatal Period Despite Being High-Risk","authors":"Razieh Samsami, Reza Khadivi","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: High-risk neonates (HRNs) included neonates who were born with a weight of less than 1500 g at birth and/or gestational age between 24 and 37 weeks and needed longer intensive medical care. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental disabilities among 5-year-old children that were HRNs in the neonatal period. Methods: In a historical cohort study, 120 five-year-old children were included and divided into two groups of 60 eligible children in the exposed and control groups. They were born as HRNs in 2016 and admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). After stabilization of their general condition, the infants in the exposed group were discharged and received home care (HC) services, but the control group received long-time care in NICU and did not receive HC services. They were evaluated in terms of developmental domains including vision, hearing, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, communication, problem-solving, and personal and social affairs. The developmental screening was done using the Ages and Stages questionnaire (ASQ). Results: A total of 61 (50.83%) children were classified as suspected cases of developmental disabilities. There was no significant difference between the exposed and control children in the total frequency of developmental disability (P=0.1). A significant difference was seen only in the problem-solving domain between the exposed and control groups (P=0.043). Conclusion: There were no significant statistical differences in most dimensions of developmental disabilities (except for the problem-solving domain) between the exposed and control children.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134977155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Study and Reservoir Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis From Ardestan in Isfahan, Iran (2015-2016)","authors":"Fatemeh Aghdaei, Monir Doudi, Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi, Mohammad Hossein Pazandeh, Aiiar Ahmadijazi","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been considered one of the most common serious parasitic diseases. Some cities in Iran are known as the center of this important parasitic disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines CL as an infectious parasitic disease in the tropics, which can be challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of CL (the identification of parasite, vector, and reservoir) in Ardestan. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 2015-2016. Overall, 121 patients with CL who referred to Ardestan Dermatology and Leishmaniasis Center were sampled, and the Leishmania species were determined in the samples using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, following the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region in the parasite genome. Finally, the vector and reservoir species were detected by zoology experts according to identification keys. Results: The incidence of the disease had the highest (57.8%) and lowest (4.1%) levels in summer and spring, respectively. The disease was prevalent in both women and men but was more common in men (51.2%). The majority of patients (27.3%) were in the age group of 21-30 years, and most of the wounds (71.1%) were nodules. More than one wound on the body was observed in 54.5% of patients, and the disease was prevalent in 13.2% of patients and their family members. Occupationally, students showed the highest disease frequency (32%). The response to treatment with meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) was more effective than the other treatments. The species of the Leishmania vector in the Ardestan region was identified as Phlebotomus papatasi, and the species of the reservoirs in this region were Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus. Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine the carriers and reservoirs of the disease in other regions in order to reach a constructive decision for appropriate strategies to control the disease.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}