Review of Philosophy and Psychology最新文献_第9页

Students Eat Less Meat After Studying Meat Ethics. 学习肉类伦理后，学生少吃肉。

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-021-00583-0

Eric Schwitzgebel, Bradford Cokelet, Peter Singer

{"title":"Students Eat Less Meat After Studying Meat Ethics.","authors":"Eric Schwitzgebel, Bradford Cokelet, Peter Singer","doi":"10.1007/s13164-021-00583-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00583-0","url":null,"abstract":"In the first controlled, non-self-report studies to show an influence of university-level ethical instruction on everyday behavior, Schwitzgebel et al. (2020) and Jalil et al. (2020) found that students purchase less meat after exposure to material on the ethics of eating meat. We sought to extend and conceptually replicate this research. Seven hundred thirty students in three large philosophy classes read James Rachels' (2004) \"Basic Argument for Vegetarianism\", followed by 50-min small-group discussions. Half also viewed a vegetarianism advocacy video containing factory farm footage. A few days after instruction, 54% of students agreed that \"eating the meat of factory farmed animals is unethical\", compared to 37% before instruction, with no difference between the film and non-film conditions. Also, 39% of students anonymously pledged to avoid eating factory farmed meat for 24 h, again with no statistically detectable difference between conditions. Finally, we obtained 2828 campus food purchase receipts for 113 of the enrolled students who used their Student ID cards for purchases on campus, which we compared with 5033 purchases from a group of 226 students who did not receive the instruction. Meat purchases remained constant in the comparison group and declined among the students exposed to the material, falling from 30% to 23% of purchases overall and from 51% to 42% of purchases of $4.99 or more, with the effect possibly larger in the film condition.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13164-021-00583-0.","PeriodicalId":47055,"journal":{"name":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9159653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

What's inside is all that counts? The contours of everyday thinking about self-control. 里面的东西才是最重要的?每天思考自我控制的轮廓。

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-021-00573-2

Juan Pablo Bermúdez, Samuel Murray, Louis Chartrand, Sergio Barbosa

{"title":"What's inside is all that counts? The contours of everyday thinking about self-control.","authors":"Juan Pablo Bermúdez, Samuel Murray, Louis Chartrand, Sergio Barbosa","doi":"10.1007/s13164-021-00573-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00573-2","url":null,"abstract":"Does self-control require willpower? The question cuts to the heart of a debate about whether self-control is identical with some psychological process internal to the agents or not. Noticeably absent from these debates is systematic evidence about the folk-psychological category of self-control. Here, we present the results of two behavioral studies (N = 296) that indicate the structure of everyday use of the concept. In Study 1, participants rated the degree to which different strategies to respond to motivational conflict exemplify self-control. Participants distinguished between intra-psychic and externally-scaffolded strategies and judged that the former exemplified self-control more than the latter. In Study 2, participants provided various solutions to manage motivational conflict and rated their proposals on effectiveness. Participants produced substantially more intra-psychic strategies, rated them as more effective, and advised them at a higher rate than externally-scaffolded strategies. Taken together, these results suggest that while people recognize a plurality of strategies as genuine instances of self-control, purely internal exercises of self-control are considered more prototypical than their externally-scaffolded counterparts. This implies a hierarchical structure for the folk psychological category of self-control. The concept encompasses a variety of regulatory strategies and organizes these strategies along a hierarchical continuum, with purely intra-psychic strategies at the center and scaffolded strategies in the periphery.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13164-021-00573-2.","PeriodicalId":47055,"journal":{"name":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9244417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Implicit Metaethical Intuitions: Validating and Employing a New IAT Procedure. 内隐元伦理直觉:一种新的IAT程序的验证与应用。

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-021-00572-3

Johannes M J Wagner, Thomas Pölzler, Jennifer C Wright

引用次数: 3

Mindshaping and Non-Gricean Approaches to Language Evolution 语言进化的心智塑造和非Gricean方法

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00664-8

Tillmann Vierkant

引用次数: 0

Rejecting the Objectification Hypothesis 拒绝客观化假说

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00668-4

D. Statman

引用次数: 0

Cognitive Twists: The Coevolution of Learning and Genes in Human Cognition 认知扭曲：人类认知中学习与基因的共同进化

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00670-w

Antonella Tramacere, F. Mafessoni

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Predictive Processing and Consciousness 社论：预测处理与意识

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00666-6

Mark Miller, A. Clark, T. Schlicht

引用次数: 0

Fully Caused and Flourishing? Incompatibilist Free Will Skepticism and Its Implications for Personal Well-Being 完全引起并蓬勃发展？相容自由意志怀疑论及其对个人幸福的启示

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00667-5

Stephan Tegtmeier

引用次数: 0

The Transcendental Argument for Universal Mineness: A Critique 普遍我性的先验论证:批判

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00658-6

Dr Wehinger

引用次数: 0

Intentions in Ecological Psychology: An Anscombean Proposal 生态心理学中的意图:一个超然的建议

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Review of Philosophy and Psychology Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13164-022-00661-x

Miguel Segundo-Ortin, Annemarie Kalis

{"title":"Intentions in Ecological Psychology: An Anscombean Proposal","authors":"Miguel Segundo-Ortin, Annemarie Kalis","doi":"10.1007/s13164-022-00661-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-022-00661-x","url":null,"abstract":"According to ecological psychology, agency is a crucial feature of living organisms: therefore many ecological psychologists maintain that explaining agency is one of the core aims of the discipline. This paper aims to contribute to this goal by arguing that an ecological understanding of agency requires an account of intention. So far, intentions have not played a dominant role in ecological accounts of agency. The reluctance to integrate a notion of intention seems to be motivated by the widespread assumption that intentions should be understood as internal states with representational content. This assumption goes against two main tenets of ecological psychology: its anti-representationalist stance and its claim that perception is direct (in the sense of not being mediated by inferential processes). Ecological psychology thus needs a different answer to the question what intentions are. In this paper, we aim to show that Elizabeth Anscombe’s theory of intention can be fruitfully brought to bear on an ecological theory of agency. We will argue that Anscombe’s account can meet the two challenges of bringing intentions into the framework of ecological psychology: firstly it can explain what intentions are, if not representational states; and, secondly, it can show how our perception of affordances is guided by intention without undermining the idea of direct perception.","PeriodicalId":47055,"journal":{"name":"Review of Philosophy and Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0