Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"A Time for Community and for Mental Health.","authors":"Claire De Souza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 4","pages":"299-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8561850/pdf/ccap30_p0299.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39731591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Admissions of Children and Adolescents Across School Periods and Daylight-Saving Transitions.","authors":"Ashley Nixon,&nbsp;Joseph De Koninck,&nbsp;Stephanie Greenham,&nbsp;Rebecca Robillard,&nbsp;Addo Boafo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study sought to examine fluctuations in admissions to a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatry unit in relation to school breaks, school starts, as well as time change transitions in and out of Daylight-Saving Time (DST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five years (2012-2017) of youth inpatient admissions to a pediatric hospital in Ontario were retrieved (n=2,498). A sub-sample was grouped weekly, starting on the Sunday of each week for a total of 260 weekly time bins. The number of admissions during in and out of school periods, school starts in the fall and winter semester, and time change transitions were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Admissions were significantly higher during school periods as opposed to out of school periods, and significantly increased from prior- to post-school starts. No significant difference in admission rates were found in and out of DST changes. Weekly time series analyses for DST changes and monthly time series analyses for school starts did not identify a significant seasonality in admissions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that school periods and school onset may be significant stressors associated with an increased rate of psychiatric admissions. The presence of potential compensating factors is proposed to explain the lack of relationship between pedopsychiatric admissions and time change transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 4","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8561854/pdf/ccap30_p0226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39890706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis of Reported Cases.","authors":"Yam R Giri,&nbsp;Allison Parrill,&nbsp;Sreedevi Damodar,&nbsp;Joshua Fogel,&nbsp;Nisrin Ayed,&nbsp;Muhammad Syed,&nbsp;Ijendu Korie,&nbsp;Sivaranjani Ayyanar,&nbsp;Christopher Typhair,&nbsp;Seema Hashmi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pooled analysis, from a systematic review, examines anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis presentation in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive literature search from database inception through December 31, 2019, using PubMed, PsycInfo, and OVID was performed. Case reports and case series were included. Sample characteristics are described. Prodromal and presenting symptoms between partial recovery and full recovery are compared. The association between presenting symptoms and abnormal MRI, abnormal EEG, and tumor presence are determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample (n=283) had a mean age of 10.8 years with 75.3% females. The most common prodromal and presenting symptom was seizure (29.7% and 63.3%, respectively). Partial and full recovery did not differ for prodromal and presenting symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that (1) delusion were significantly associated with higher odds and aggressive behavior was associated with lower odds for abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) waxing and waning of symptoms were significantly associated with higher odds for abnormal electroencephalograms (EEG), and (3) increased age and psychosis were each significantly associated with increased odds, and sleep disturbance and orofacial dyskinesia with lower odds for tumor presence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the pattern of findings, routinely obtaining MRI and EEG should be considered for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children and adolescents presenting with delusion and waxing and waning of symptoms, respectively. Investigation of tumors should be considered in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis especially when psychosis is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 4","pages":"236-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8561849/pdf/ccap30_p0236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39890707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Retention of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Capsules in an 11-Year-Old.","authors":"Usman Hameed,&nbsp;Asfand Khan,&nbsp;Hassaan Gomaa,&nbsp;John C Garman,&nbsp;Ahmad Hameed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a worldwide prevalence of 5.29% and stimulant medications are considered first-line treatment. Common adverse events with these medications include decreased appetite, increased sleep latency, tics, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a stimulant used for treating ADHD and may lead to gastrointestinal, among other adverse effects. In this report, we present a case of constipation and retention of LDX capsules in the gastrointestinal tract. An 11-year-old male with a diagnosis of ADHD was being treated with once daily LDX 30 mg in our clinic. After about ten weeks of treatment, he was brought to an emergency department due to epigastric pain and constipation. An abdominal X-ray was significant for the presence of approximately 20 capsules in the large intestine. He was admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology service. Following management with two saline enemas, fewer capsules were seen on repeat X-ray. The patient was observed overnight, advised to discontinue LDX and discharged home in a stable condition. LDX may be associated with constipation and retention of intact capsules in the gastrointestinal tract. Further research is warranted to exclude the risk of sympathomimetic toxidrome if intact LDX capsules simultaneously disintegrate in the gastrointestinal tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 4","pages":"292-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8561853/pdf/ccap30_p0292.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39731589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update from the CACAP Executive.","authors":"E Lila Amirali","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"207-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315224/pdf/ccap30_p0207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a Name? It's Time to Reconsider the Name of the Academy.","authors":"Andrea Levinson,&nbsp;Simon Davidson,&nbsp;Peter Szatmari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is important the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CACAP) change its name to the <b>Canadian Academy of Child and</b> <b><i>Youth</i></b> <b>Psychiatry.</b> This name change will match the organization's goals to enhance its future mandate, scope and reach, to include youth in its mandate while consolidating its existing mandate. There is an ethical and moral imperative for the Academy to indicate strong leadership as an organization to support the needs of youth mental health. The Academy can achieve this by facilitating greater continuing professional development and the sharing of research, scholarship, education and advocacy. Key reasons to support a name change are reviewed in this article and include the contextual history of CACAP and the idea of a name change; the epidemiology of mental health concerns in youth; the need for youth specific services within a biopsychosocial understanding; a focus on development and its importance for youth engagement and transitions as a topic of training, curriculum and service design. Finally, potential perceived threats or concerns that may exist are explored and argued as unwarranted. CACAP's vision to include youth is an act of true leadership for all engaged in mental health in Canada, and will serve as a model for other global psychiatric organizations, by fostering collaboration, partnership, curiosity and a greater understanding of colleagues' perspectives within both the child and adult mental health communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315214/pdf/ccap30_p0211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating Disorders.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315216/pdf/ccap30_p0204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - A Review of Literature.","authors":"Siqi Xuev,&nbsp;Abel Ickowicz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in children and adolescents is increasing in Canada and internationally. While SSRIs are known for their generally well tolerated side effect profile, serotonin syndrome can arise as a severe complication. The objective of this study is to review literature on SSRI-related serotonin syndrome in the pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive review of literature on \"serotonin syndrome\" is conducted using PubMed from inception to March 2019, focusing on subjects zero to 18 years of age. Descriptive statistics are used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded <i>N</i>=337 references and <i>N</i>=18 studies are included, all of which are case reports. The cases encompass ethnically diverse subjects ranging from 4 to 18 years of age, diagnosed with serotonin syndrome after exposure to SSRI agents. Most common presenting symptoms are confusion, agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, rigidity, and tremor. Serotonin syndrome manifested from SSRI monotherapy (7/18; 3 after first dose), when SSRI was combined with another serotonergic agent (6/18), or after an overdose (5/18). Risk factors include high starting doses and co-prescription. Changing multiple medications at the same time adds to diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serotonin syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction associated with SSRI, and can be associated with diverse presentations in the pediatrics population and diagnostic challenges. Clinicians are recommended to be vigilant in the monitoring and recognition of serotonin syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315218/pdf/ccap30_p0156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth Perspectives on Seeking Psychotherapy: A Concurrent Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Kamna Mehra,&nbsp;Lisa D Hawke,&nbsp;Priya Watson,&nbsp;Natasha Y Sheikhan,&nbsp;Elisabeth Leroux,&nbsp;Joanna Henderson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychotherapy is the recommended first line of treatment for depression among youth; however, few youth seek professional support. This study compares barriers and facilitators to seeking psychotherapy among both youth who have and have not seen a psychotherapist. The study further explores reasons youth discontinue psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A concurrent mixed methods study design was used. Eligible participants completed a survey (N=104) and a subset of participants completed a semi-structured interview (N=60). The survey and interview data were analyzed concurrently using a triangulation design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surveys were conducted among youth who had experienced psychotherapy (N=53) and youth who had not (N=51). The majority of participants were female. Common reasons for not seeking psychotherapy included wanting to handle their problems on their own (87.6%), thinking their problems would improve on its own (87.6%), and not knowing who to see (74.3%). Several barriers were common across the two groups, including stigma, concerns about the therapeutic relationship, and a preference for self-management. Common facilitators included improving coping skills and addressing functional impairment. There was some overlap between the barriers to seeking psychotherapy and the reasons for discontinuing, although aging out of youth-oriented service also constituted a termination factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>: As this study highlights the multiple factors that influence youth's psychotherapy-seeking behavior, a widespread, multi-level approach is needed to address barriers and facilitators at the individual level, but also at the community, policy, and organizational levels. Strategies such as increasing service availability and quality are needed to increase service seeking and improve retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315215/pdf/ccap30_p0165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Mental Health in Southwestern Ontario during Summer 2020 of the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alexandra Mactavish,&nbsp;Carli Mastronardi,&nbsp;Rosanne Menna,&nbsp;Kimberley A Babb,&nbsp;Marco Battaglia,&nbsp;Ananda B Amstadter,&nbsp;Lance M Rappaport","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>COVID-19 presents an unprecedented global crisis. Research is critically needed to identify the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health including psychosocial factors that predict resilience, recovery, and persistent distress. The present study collected data in June-July 2020 to describe children's mental health during the initial phase of the pandemic, including the magnitude and nature of psychiatric and psychological distress in children, and to evaluate social support as a putative psychosocial moderator of children's increased distress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children and parents from 190 families of children aged 8 to 13 from the Windsor-Essex region of Southwestern Ontario reported (i) retrospectively on children's well-being (e.g., worry, happiness) immediately prior to the pandemic and (ii) on children's current well-being; irritability; social support; and anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms at the baseline assessment of an ongoing longitudinal study of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children and parents reported worsened well-being and psychological distress during the pandemic compared to retrospective report of pre-pandemic well-being. Child-perceived social support from family and friends was associated with lower symptom severity and attenuated increase in psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings suggest possible broad psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and are consistent with prior research that indicates a protective role of social support to mitigate the negative psychological impact of the pandemic. These findings may inform clinical assessments and highlight the need for public resources to safeguard children's mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"30 3","pages":"177-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315225/pdf/ccap30_p0177.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}