Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"Professor N. D. Bushmakin: New Touches to the Biography of a Famous Person. Part 1","authors":"V. A. Shalamov","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.46","url":null,"abstract":"The article brings together separate materials that give an idea of the biography of Professor, Doctor of Medicine N. D. Bushmakin. In addition to the already known data, information gleaned from the meetings of the Red Cross is provided. Thanks to this, it was possible to restore the details of his professional activity in 1919–1920.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Origin of the Ethnic Name Coŋgōl","authors":"B. Z. Nanzatov, V. V. Tishin","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.120","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the origin of the tribal name Coŋgōl or Tsongool, in other orthography. It also known as Soŋgōl or Songool in Buryat pronunciation, where the Written Mongolian [č] developed into [s] through the step [ts] in position before a vowel other than [i]. We argue the connection of the word with the ethnic name Čuŋul ~ Čumul, attested in different spelling forms in Chinese, Old Turkic, Khotanese Saka and Persian texts, in connection with the history of Eastern Turkestan and Gan-su Province of China, at least from the of the 7th to the 11th centuries A. D., and also preserved now among the ethnonyms of the Sarïg-Yogur people as Čoŋïl ~ Čuŋïl. In the latter case, the fact of historical continuity cannot raise any doubts. According to the results of this research, it is possible to argue that the community arrived to territory of modern South Buryatia to become subjects of the Russian Tsar at the end of the 17th century had already pronounced the name Tsongool (< WMong. Čongγol) in the variant Tsoŋgol, taking into account the fact that the designation of a vowel in the second syllable as a long one is a later orthographic phenomenon in Buryat. In other words, they were attested the resulted phonetic development [č] > [ts] and consistent vowel labialization in both syllables of the word, regardless of the peculiarity of the Tsongol dialect of Buryat language, where the development of WMong. [u] > [o] is observed. In this manner it can be interpreted the form of the tribal name known among the Barguzin Evenks čåŋgå̄lʹi̯r as reflected the first mentioned process. This point can also be confirmed by the data on onomastics of the persons associated with the Tsongols, attested in the later 17th century, where it can be found the development [č] > [ts] > [s]. It is discussed the problem of correlating two phonetic forms in connection with the chronology of the appearance of Tsongols in the territory of modern Buryatia. Despite the absence of any earlier information about the existence of a group with this name in the region, they are known the legends according to which the territory of origin of the Tsongols is localized in the valley of the Kuda River (in modern Irkutsk region), where a small group with the name Songool (Tsongool) was recorded back in the 19th century. Explaining the chronology of phonetic changes in a historical context requires future research.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Neolithic Complexes of the Buguldeika 1 Geoarchaeological Site (Western Coast of Lake Baikal)","authors":"A. G. Novikov, O. I. Goriunova, A. M. Klementiev, A. W. Weber","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.55","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the materials of the Early Neolithic complexes (cultural layers 7 and 8) of the multilayered site Buguldeika 1 on western coast of Lake Baikal, excavated in 2016 by A. A. Timoschenko and E. N. Bocharova, are introduced in full. A comparative analysis of materials from layers 7 and 8 showed that these complexes are largely homogeneous in nature (in terms of production and typology of ceramics and stone items). The differences lie in the changed proportions of cord-impressed Khaita and net-impressed ceramics (the predominance of the first of them in layer 8, and the second in layer 8). The complex of layer 7 contains a more diverse set of stone products, including rods of compound fishhooks of not only the Baikal, but also the Kitoi-like type. Some features were recorded in the composition and ratio of fauna remains, which made it possible to outline differences in fishing strategies: 1) layer 8 – hunting of ungulates, 2) layer 7 – specialized hunting for seals. Probably, such difference is explained by the seasonal characteristics. Based on the stratigraphy, comparison of archaeological materials with synchronous complexes of main multilayered sites of the Cis-Baikal and radiocarbon AMS dating, the age of the cultural layers of the studied site was determined. They represent different chronological periods of the Early Neolithic: layer 8 – 7779–7576 cal BP, and layer 7 – 7406–7168 cal BP. An important point of this study is the fact of the presence of bighorn sheep on the coast of Lake Baikal during the boreal stage of the Holocene (8981–8398 cal BP). Excavations at the Buguldeika 1 showed the prospects for further research of this site and confirmed the existence in the Early Neolithic of the Cis-Baikal of different traditions for the production of ceramic vessels: with impressions of woven net and impressions of cord (Khaita type). A series of radiocarbon dates obtained from all complexes of Cis-Baikal Early Neolithic sites (including Buguldeika 1) indicate that both pottery traditions existed relatively synchronously in the chronological range of 8160–7000 cal BP. A comparative analysis of the Early Neolithic complexes of the Baikal coast with materials from multilayered sites in the south of Middle Siberia showed their correspondence with each other in several techno-morphological characteristics and, above all, in the manufacture of ceramics.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement of Internal and External Property – Exchange and Trade in Oroqen Society","authors":"Y. Eduugdaat","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.133","url":null,"abstract":"This research draws upon Karl Polanyi's concept of “substantivism” in economics and explores the internal and external categories of the Oroqen community in China, including the internal exchange between the Oroqen people and its natural and social environment, as well as the transaction between the Oroqen people and its external social environment. The description of “exchange” and “transaction” in the thesis includes an exploration of the exchange of hunting, dowry, and bridal gifts as well as exchanges primarily with “gods”, and the commercialization of their hunting products and hunting tools. The purpose of the description is to recognize and distinguish between the internal and external aspects of the community.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Trends and their Features in the Materials of Stratified Assemblages of the Lower Reaches of Selenga River (Ithantsa Depression, Southeastern Baikal Region)","authors":"A. I. Simukhin, L. V. Lbova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.3","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed publication presents materials of multilayered geoarchaeological sites of the Southeastern Baikal Region, which have their own specifics of formation. Cultural horizons are included in deposits of subaerial genesis, which mainly form the surfaces of river terraces on the right bank of the main water artery of the region, the Selenga River in its lower reaches. Preliminary cultural and chronological definitions, based on the results of a typological analysis of archaeological collections, demonstrate the dynamics of the development of cultural phenomena from the Final Pleistocene to the Holocene. The main trend, characteristic of almost all the studied sites, demonstrates the “delay” of cultural innovations noted in the archaeological cultures of the eastern coast of Lake Baikal and Western Transbaikalia. As a result of a study of a series of sites in the Itantsa depression (lower reaches of the Selenga River) in the early 2000s, we revealed the stability of the morphological and technical and technological appearance of stone tools in the Final Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. We also noted the uniformity of the typology of the tool set made of stone and bone, and the stability of the exploitation of a single raw material base (raw materials are of the same type in terms of isotropic characteristics). These characteristics indicate a strong tradition of stone processing for more than 10 thousand years. The situation changes about 3–4 thousand years ago (the beginning of the Paleometal era), which is expressed in the expansion of the raw material base of stone raw materials, although stone processing technologies remain in the same technical traditions. Traditions of ceramic production are represented by fragments of vessels with imprints of woven net and cord, found both in the Neolithic assemblages and in the materials of the cultural horizons of the Early Bronze Age. The obtained materials can serve as initial data for the reconstruction of the development of cultural phenomena against the background of changes in the paleoclimatic situation in the Baikal region as a whole. It should also be concluded that human stay in the southeastern Baikal region is associated with climatic fluctuations towards relatively warm conditions, while the humidity indicator did not play a big role.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of Involvement of Teachers of Irkutsk Province in the Left-Wing Socio-political Associations in the Early 20th Century","authors":"A. A. Krushalina","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.35","url":null,"abstract":"Readers are offered a study characterizing various forms of involvement of regional teaching in the regional political processes. The researcher's attention is focused on studying the influence of the left-wing propaganda among teachers, under the influence of which representatives of the latter joined various left-wing socio-political associations, as well as sympathized with the left in the electoral process during the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire. Based on a wide range of sources, the key conclusions about the prerequisites and the degree of involvement of regional teaching in politics are formulated.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcontinental Telegraph: Geopolitical Plots and the Information Revolution of the Second Half of the 19th Century","authors":"A. V. Postnikov, M. V. Konstantinov","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.6","url":null,"abstract":"The telegraph and Morse code invention made it possible to quickly transmit information over long distances. There were Russian, European and American construction projects of telegraph lines. In the 1860s and 70s, a domestic project was carried out to build the St. Petersburg - Siberian Cities – Alexandrovka line in the Far East. Russia and the USA jointly designed a highway through Beringia. In fact, an underwater cable line has been implemented from the Primorsky coast to Nagasaki in Japan, then to Hong Kong and across the Indian Ocean, the Red and Mediterranean Seas to London, with a continuation across the Atlantic Ocean to the USA and overland to St. Petersburg. A huge electric circle was formed, encircling the world space, which became the scientific and technical basis of the information revolution of the second half of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Culture or Mongolian Peoples in Transboundary Region of Russia – Mongolia – China: History and Present Situation","authors":"S. V. Kirichenko","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.96","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ecological traditions of the Mongolian peoples against the background of the increasing technogenic load on nature, and concludes that the prospects for solving environmental problems depend not only on the level of science and technology development, but also on the general ecological culture of the population.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Studies of the Female Burial from Vsekhsvyatskii Necropolis in Krasnoyarsk (19th Century)","authors":"T. M. Savenkova, E. S. Reis, I. V. Averchenko, A. N. Pyatkin, Yu. A. Grevtsov","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.143","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of the burial from Vsekhsvyatskii Orthodox necropolis (Krasnoyarsk, 18th–19th centuries). The excavations of the necropolis were carried out by Yu. A. Grevtsov in 2021.The buried individual had a pathological curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, more than 90 degrees. The purpose of this work is to study the burial using the methods of archaeology, anthropology, forensic medicine, and forensic science. Observations during the archaeological work allowed the author of the excavations to attribute the burial to the 20–30s of the 19th century. The skeletal remains from the burial belonged to a woman whose age at the time of death was 20–25 years. According to morphological features, the woman's skull belongs to a large Caucasoid race with slight signs of miscegenation. Facial reconstruction of the woman was made on the basis of a multi-angle images of the cerebral and facial parts of the skull. In accordance with the recommendations of forensic identification of a person on the basis of appearance, her verbal portrait was compiled. Osteometric studies showed that the longitudinal dimensions of the long tubular bones were large. The bones of the postcranial skeleton of the examined woman were gracile. As a result of the forensic medical examination and X-ray examination of the skeleton, a late stage of spondylitis was discovered, which is confirmed by the age characteristic of this disease. The woman suffered tuberculosis in childhood, as a result was formed a hump. A significant absence of narrowing of the spinal canal throughout the deformed area of the spine indicates incomplete formation of the Pott triad. The development of the bones of the upper and lower extremities indicates the absence of limb paralysis of this woman. Sufficiently developed areas of muscle attachment sites on long tubular bones allow us to speak of active physical activity. Compensatory changes in the cervical spine and the structure of the chest allowed this individual to keep his head relatively straight. The woman died at a young age. The cause of death could be both tuberculosis damage to other organs, and disruption of the cardiovascular or other systems associated with chest deformity.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"421 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ust-Yodarma 2 – a Reference Multilayered Geoarchaeological Site in the Northern Angara Region (Based on the Results of Work in 2009–2012)","authors":"D. N. Lokhov, E. A. Lipnina, S. P. Dudarek","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.20","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the material culture of the ancient population of the Northern Angara region from the multilayered geoarchaeological site of Ust-Yodarma 2. The site was located on the right cape of the Yodarma River at its confluence with the Angara River. Excavations were carried out in 2009–2012. As a result, 12 cultural levels were identified on the site in the chronological range from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic to the ethnographic modernity (17th–20th centuries). The work was carried out on 4 excavations (more than 5 thousand square meters). A correlation was made between cultural levels from different excavations. Holocene deposits are most fully and clearly represented in excavation 1 in area A. Level 0 contains artifacts from the time of the development of the region by Russian pioneers in the 17th and 18th centuries to the modern stage of the existence of the Village Yodarma. Cultural levels 1–4 date from the Middle Ages, the Early Bronze Age, and the Final Neolithic. Levels 5– 8 contain only Neolithic artifacts, while materials from levels 9 and 10 are associated with the Mesolithic. In excavation 1 in area B, an Upper Paleolithic horizon was recorded. Neolithic and Mesolithic levels, as well as Bronze Age burials, have been radiocarbon dated. The total collection of artifacts includes more than 70 thousand finds. A technical and morphological analysis of ceramics, stone and bone tools was carried out. The collection of stone products is represented by products of primary knapping, facial processing, and finished tools (more than 40 thousand finds). Pottery was found in the form of separate fragments and vessels with different decoration techniques. The remains of at least 350 ceramic vessels (more than 14 thousand fragments) have been found. Artifacts made of bone and horn are represented by blanks, finished tools and their fragments, and a sculpture in the form of a moose head. Fire pits of different shapes and designs were recorded. A large number of fauna bones (hunting remains and kitchen refuse) were found. The analysis of artifacts in combination with stratigraphy and radiocarbon data makes it possible to identify the UstYodarma 2 site as a reference object for studying ancient cultures of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of BaikalYenisei Siberia.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}