Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"The Historical Experience of the PRC in Resettling Youth in Border, Rural and Mountainous Areas (1950–1970)","authors":"S. B. Makeeva","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.78","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the history of the resettlement of Chinese youth from cities to border, rural, mountainous areas and territories inhabited by ethnic minorities during the implementation of the strategy of regional leveling and balanced development of the PRC from the 1950s to the 1970s. The mechanism for the resettlement of young workers contributed to solving the problems of unemployment in cities and ensured socialist construction throughout the country.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yasukuni Shrine as Japan's “Place of Memory”","authors":"K. E. Kuzmin","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.88","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the phenomenon of Yasukuni shrine through the prism of the concept of “places of memory” by the French historian P. Nora. The history of the formation of the temple as a symbol of Japanese history of the twentieth century is analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that Yasukuni Shrine is a “place of memory”, first of all, about the World War II, as well as about the history of Japan in 20th century.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Officials for Special Assignments in the System of Local Government of the Yakutsk Region (Second Quarter of the 19th Century)","authors":"A. D. Vasilyev","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the position of an official for special assignments of the Yakut regional government, established on the basis of the “Siberian institution” in 1822 M. M. Speransky. Based on a number of sources, the criteria for appointment to this post were identified, a social portrait was compiled, the number was considered, the real range of their activities was determined, as well as the place and role of officials in the management system of the Yakut region in the second quarter of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philanthropic Activities of the Merchants Stakheevs during the Hungry Years (Late 19th – Early 20th Century)","authors":"M. A. Akhmetova","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.27","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the philanthropic work of Yelabuga millionaire merchants the Stakheevs, whose activity represents a vivid example of organizing specific aid to the population of the country. One of the directions of their aid is the care of the poor and helpless people: they built almshouses in Yelabuga, shelters for orphans, the elderly and the poor, houses of charity for the poor and diligence houses for young poor. During the hungry years, they organized free canteens for people and food distribution places. The Stakheevs were concerned by the liquidation of poverty, the education of children in need, and their training in different skills.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Studies of G. I. Medvedev","authors":"E. B. Volosova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.87","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the methodological concept of the Siberian archaeologist G. I. Medvedev. The central element of his thoughts was the analysis of the features of the archaeological material. He thought quite original for his time, questioning the main thesis of Soviet archaeology about an archaeological object as an objective source of sociohistorical information. The artifact indicates only the fact of the activity and the time of stay of the subjects of the ancient society, and also provides information about the “physically reliable” parameters. It turns out that any social reconstructions, even of the functions of fossil artifacts, are conjectural, and sometimes fantastic. The rationale for this conclusion is based on an understanding of the specific conditions for the formation of artifacts. This conclusion logically led to the interest of Medvedev, a scientist and methodologist, in the question of how to ensure the reliability of the knowledge produced by archaeologists. His research in this area led him to the project “geoarchaeology”. Medvedev's methodological concept has been formed for several decades and has been presented in scientific papers of different years. In the 1970s, the author and a group of like-minded people in the archaeological laboratory of the Irkutsk State University accumulated experience in conducting morphological and technological studies of stone and ceramics, offered justification for their compliance with the features of archaeological sites. In the candidate's and then doctoral dissertations, practical experience was collected and comprehended, some theoretical ideas were formulated. Even then, Medvedev identified two areas of his research – geoarchaeological and cultural-historical, dividing them not only by subject, but also by the degree of reliability of the results. In the 1990s and 2000s, there was a comprehension and theoretical formulation of the concept of geoarchaeology, which Medvedev considered as a condition for overcoming the difficulties of archaeological knowledge, achieving reliability, objectivity, and reliability of the knowledge produced. The elements of this concept can be considered the definition of geoarchaeology as a science, the definition of its subject area and cognitive boundaries, the analysis of geoarchaeological objects and directions of their study, the identification of the structure and methods of research, the concept of “recognition threshold”, the steps of presenting the author's conclusions.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of the Former Homeland and Ethnic Roots of the Buryat group of Segenuts","authors":"S. B. Bolkhosoev, E. B. Bolkhosoeva","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.44.99","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of the origin of one of the main components of the tribal composition of the Western Buryats, known as “Segenut”. The relevance of this study is due to the insufficient study of the ethnic origins of the ancestral group, the territory, and the time of the formation of the West Buryat group. The study is based on general scientific research methods. Comparative historical and textual methods are also used. Analysis of ancestral traditions and texts of shamanic invocations of Buryats shows that the origin of the Buryat group of Segenuts was associated with the territory of northwestern Mongolia and adjacent areas of southeastern Tuva. These territories are located within the boundaries of the biosphere reserve, called the Ubsunur basin. This is indicated by the analysis of toponymic names found in folklore and texts of the sacred tradition of the Segenuts. This is also evidenced by the ethnonymy reflected in the legends of the Buryats. This made it possible to identify the ethnic origins of the Segenuts, going back to the Uriankhai/Turkic basis. This basis makes up a significant layer of the original population of the Ubsunur basin. A significant argument in favor of this is the reference to the Uighur language of the ancestors of the Segenuts. This language is captured by the shamanic folklore of the Buryats. It is known that language is one of the basic elements in ethnic identification. Language stands out as a key factor in the definition of an ethnic group in various scientific concepts. At the same time, it is impossible not to note the marking of the Segenuts as Uriankhais in folklore, representations and traditions of the Buryats. This also gave reason to believe that the Segenuts are not autochthons of the Cis-Baikal region, but a migrated part of the Turkic-speaking society, close in origin to the Tuvan groups Soyan and choodu. That is, the Segenuts are the descendants of the Turkic-speaking ethnic group who became Buryats. In this regard, a version has been put forward about the time of their migration. It was provoked by the unstable situation in Western Mongolia and Southern Siberia in the 15th–16th centuries. Perhaps the situation was connected with the desire of the Oirats as a leading ethno-political association, who tried to expand their zone of influence to neighboring territories. This led to civil strife, military actions and the outflow of the population to other regions.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most Important Elements of the Soviet Theory of Ethnos: Prospects for Use in Modern Theories of Ethnicity","authors":"B. E. Wiener","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper continues the author's previous publication on the Soviet theory of ethnos, considering such elements of this theory as ethnic processes, ethnic self-consciousness, and taxonomic levels of ethnic communities. The paper draws an attention to the fact that the ideas of Russian ethnologists about the philosophical positions regarding the existence of social communities (or large social groups) are limited by the constructivism-positivism dichotomy. Moreover, most of these ethnologists adopt a constructivist position, and some of them deny the very reality of ethnic communities. At the same time, in recent decades, English-speaking philosophers and social scientists have been intensively developing critical-realist theory as an alternative to the two named approaches. The paper offers to consider the problem of ethnicity within the framework of critical realism, using the time-tested elements of the theory of ethnos, such as the abovementioned ethnic processes, self-consciousness (or ethnic identity), and the concept of taxonomic levels of ethnic communities. Simultaneously one should bear in mind that the theory of ethnos itself is not without major drawbacks. From the author's point of view, the main weaknesses in this theory are attempts to tie the typology of ethnic communities to the historical stages in the development of society, and more specifically to Marx's socio-economic formations; to tie rigidly the group characteristics of ethnos to its cultural characteristics, including language; and to remove agency from the framework of this theory, while maintaining structural (in this case, belonging to a group) and cultural components of the theory of ethnos. The use of a critical-realist approach in relation to ethnicity allows us to assert that the removal of ethnic self-identifications from the theoretical model of ethnos leads to the destruction of this model and to the perception of ethnic communities as sets of individuals who are united together by researchers for very different reasons. An ethnologist should conclude that the group is an ethnos, and not some other type of a group, if the majority of its members have a self-identification that coincides with the self-identification of their parents, even when this group consists of representatives of different social strata, has different occupations, native languages, citizenships, and confessions or live dispersed in remote areas.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiative Rural Journalism in the System of Formation of Feedback from the Authorities and the Population in the Kamchatka District in 1928–1930. (On the Example of the Materials of the Newspaper “Polyarnaya Zvezda”)","authors":"A. F. Pasechnik","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.53","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the measures of the district authorities aimed at stimulating the Selkor movement in the Kamchatka District, as well as the most relevant topics covered by correspondents from the field. The study was based on documents from the collections of the State Archives of the Kamchatka Territory and publications of rural correspondents in the newspaper “Polyarnaya Zvezda” in 1928–1930. The analysis and systematization of the topics of articles of rural correspondents were carried out, the most relevant topics were identified. These include notes on the exposure of the kulaks, the activities of reading huts, the organization of revolutionary holidays, the conduct of fur procurement, the anti-religious campaign, the popularization of collective forms of economic activity, and others. The author shows the informational interaction of the editorial office of the newspaper “Polyarnaya Zvezda” with rural correspondents, which was carried out through a special heading “Mailbox”. The messages in the sections “What was done according to the notes” and “Responses to the notes”, created to provide feedback from the authorities with the population, are given special attention in the article.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N. N. Pokrovsky: “...I Feel the Manner Peculiar to Elderly People to Look Back on the Past Years...»","authors":"A. A. Ivanov","doi":"10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2023.45.118","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review of the collection of letters and memoirs of Academician N. N. Pokrovsky, published by Novosibirsk historians and archaeographers in 2022. The published materials reflect the formation of Pokrovsky as a historian, show his activities as an organizer of science, reflect the personal qualities of a scientist.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of the Study of the Late Paleolithic Site Malaya Syya: On the 50th Anniversary of Its Discovery","authors":"E. V. Akimova, A. V. Barkov, L. V. Lbova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2023.45.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents archival and published materials from the complex geoarchaeological site Malaya Syya, located in a promising area for studying the Paleolithic of Southern Siberia (at the junction of three large orographic structures: the Kuznetsk Alatau mountains, the Batenevsky ridge and the Chebakovo-Balakhta depression of the Minusinsk intermountain trough). The cultural horizons of Malaya Syya are included in deposits of complex genesis, which served as the general background for an ambiguous reading of the stratigraphic, chronological, and archaeological context of cultural remains. The development of archaeological knowledge in Siberia has made it possible to use more effective methods for studying the Malaya Syya assemblages from the point of view of attribution of the collection of stone and bone implements, chronological and planigraphic (spatial) determination. Returning to the early stages of studying this site, it required a detailed understanding of the sequence of formation of research hypotheses against the background of the general development of archaeological knowledge, analysis of the conclusions of researchers (V. E. Larichev, Yu. P. Kholyushkin, N. F. Lisitsyn, etc.) and an explanation of the reasons for the appearance such points of view. We have presented a detailed chronology of the history of research on Malaya Syya, based on the study and analysis of archival materials (archives of the Field Research Department of the Institute of Archaeology RAS, archives of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS) and published data. It seems to us that the early stages of research on Malaya Syya were dominated by the position of V. E. Larichev’s selfless desire to preserve the destroyed object within the framework of the Iyus Archaeological Reserve. The history of the study determines the key problems of modern understanding of the general process of sedimentation at the site Malaya Syya, geostratigraphy, geochronology, paleontology, characteristics of the archaeological context and attribution of collections, issues of adaptation of the ancient population in specific nature conditions. The current materials and results of research on the site are presented in a series of sequential publications, which are expected to be presented in a monographic study.","PeriodicalId":470348,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135661845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}