International Relations最新文献_第2页

Bipartisanship on China in a polarized America 在两极分化的美国，两党在中国问题上合作

3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231201484

Christopher Carothers, Taiyi Sun

{"title":"Bipartisanship on China in a polarized America","authors":"Christopher Carothers, Taiyi Sun","doi":"10.1177/00471178231201484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231201484","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the need for the United States to compete with and counter an increasingly assertive China has become a rare point of agreement between Democrats and Republicans, leading to a boom in China-related legislation with bipartisan support. This study asks two questions: first, whether this new China consensus is substantive or, as some analysts argue, superficial; and second, why bipartisan cooperation on China has emerged despite America’s intense political polarization. We address these two questions through a systematic analysis of China-related legislation and U.S. legislators’ messaging about China on social media. We find that the new consensus is substantive, with many bipartisan bills mandating meaningful action on trade, technology, diplomatic and military affairs, and human rights issues. Moreover, we argue that the new consensus emerged largely in 2017–2018, in response to several developments indicating China’s growing threat—geopolitical, economic, and ideological—to U.S. predominance in the international order. This study provides fresh insights on U.S.-China relations and contributes theoretically to the study of when external threats induce bipartisanship and when they do not.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilateralism from the middle: stratification and NGOs 从中间看多边主义:分层与非政府组织

3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231196071

Molly Ruhlman

引用次数: 0

The statistical trilemma: built-in limitations of international economic statistics 统计三难困境:国际经济统计的内在局限性

3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231201489

Daniel DeRock, Daniel Mügge

{"title":"The statistical trilemma: built-in limitations of international economic statistics","authors":"Daniel DeRock, Daniel Mügge","doi":"10.1177/00471178231201489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231201489","url":null,"abstract":"Economic statistics are central to global economic governance. They are the informational background to the Sustainable Development Goals, conditional lending by international organizations, and other dimensions of development policy. But there is a growing chasm between aspirations for economic statistics and what they can deliver on the ground. We argue that these shortcomings are rooted in what we call a trilemma of official statistics, a general limitation that goes beyond methodological deficiencies of individual indicators. Data users demand that economic statistics should (a) use harmonized standards to be comparable, (b) be guided by standards prescriptive enough to guarantee reliability and prevent manipulation, and (c) be suited to local socioeconomic contexts. Yet as we show, complex statistics can only satisfy two of these conditions at once. Importantly, we can only increase the suitability of such statistics to local contexts if we make concessions on either prescriptiveness or harmonization. We examine three cases in detail: national accounts statistics, poverty lines, and unemployment statistics. To strengthen external validity, we also briefly consider inflation, trade, and debt statistics as additional cases. The statistical trilemma clarifies the inevitable trade-offs statisticians face when designing measurement standards and thus the role they can – and cannot – play in global governance.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135817077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Liberal democracies and asylum: legal transformation and implementation challenges 自由民主与庇护:法律转型与实施挑战

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231197757

Jonathan Kent

{"title":"Liberal democracies and asylum: legal transformation and implementation challenges","authors":"Jonathan Kent","doi":"10.1177/00471178231197757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231197757","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 30 years, liberal democracies of the Global North have increasingly restricted access to their in-country asylum systems shifting many asylum and migration practices extraterritorially and prompting concern about the status of the universal human right to seek asylum. Most observers explain the trend as liberal states exerting national power and self-interest to ‘externalize’ asylum, ‘evading’ but not breaching international law. This piece adopts a different approach blending research on dynamic legal norms with Brunnée and Toope’s use of Lon Fuller’s criteria of legality. In contrast to explanations based on self-interest and power, I describe how the legal norm governing asylum has evolved over time alongside the shifting asylum and migration practices of liberal states through three phases. First, liberal democracies traditionally practiced an exclusively in-country approach to asylum prior to the late 1990s which only tentatively adhered to the criteria of legality. Second, the legal norm governing asylum shifted during the late 1990s and early 2000s creating new doctrine and legal practices at the multilateral level for reasons that resonated with the criteria of legality. Following contestation, however, liberal states have so far failed to implement the new substantive and procedural guidance despite the availability of more appropriate asylum practices. This account provides a significant qualification to the work on externalization and legal norm evasion, allows for the development of a typology containing three modes of asylum, and points to more legalistic asylum practices than what currently prevail among liberal states.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73676573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animal protection as animal welfare and anti-cruelty: a genealogical re-examination of the EU seal products ban 作为动物福利和反虐待的动物保护:对欧盟海豹产品禁令的宗谱重新审视

3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231191290

Judith Renner

{"title":"Animal protection as animal welfare and anti-cruelty: a genealogical re-examination of the EU seal products ban","authors":"Judith Renner","doi":"10.1177/00471178231191290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231191290","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests a way to inquire into animal protection politics as a specific field of international politics which regulates human-animal relations. Based on a genealogical analysis of the emergence of animal protection thinking in 19th and 20th century Great Britain, it argues that animal protection is structured by two specific strategies, anti-cruelty and animal welfare, that constitute our knowledge of what animal protection is and how it can be achieved. Whereas animal welfare suggests that animal protection means the meticulous technical standardisation of animal use along the scientific knowledge about particular species’ stress levels, anti-cruelty takes a moral approach and suggests that animal protection can be achieved by taming the cruel human subject by means of legal prohibition. The article uses these strategies as an interpretative lens for analysing the EU’s behaviour in the seal products case. It argues that the ban of the trade in seal products can be understood as the result of the anti-cruelty strategy gaining dominance in the EU debates on its seal policy. Moreover, in the ensuing WTO struggle the moral undertones of anti-cruelty made it possible for the EU to frame the ban as the protection of public morals under Article XX (a) GATT and thus to establish animal protection as a legitimate ground for trade restrictions. The antagonistic identity construction attached to anti-cruelty moreover made it possible for the EU to constitute itself as a morally superior subject and to re-emerge as a normative power in the context of animal protection. The article concludes by reflecting about further avenues for research on international animal protection politics.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Broadening’ and ‘deepening’ collective security in times of health crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond 在卫生危机时期“扩大”和“深化”集体安全:2019冠状病毒病大流行及以后

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231196070

Umut Ozguc, Asima Rabbani

引用次数: 0

Race, nation, empire? Historicising outward and inward-facing British nationalism 种族，国家，帝国?将向外和内向的英国民族主义历史化

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231196073

James Foley

{"title":"Race, nation, empire? Historicising outward and inward-facing British nationalism","authors":"James Foley","doi":"10.1177/00471178231196073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231196073","url":null,"abstract":"Brexit has continued to capture the attention of International Relations (IR) scholars, where it has been linked to the burgeoning debate on race and postcolonialism. This article adds to this scholarship by historicising the question of imperial nostalgia, which has been central to these intersecting literatures. It re-examines how influential theorists Hall and Gilroy linked the peculiarities of British national consciousness to traumas issuing from the loss of great power status. It emphasises two themes often lacking in recent accounts of Brexit nationalism: namely, the centrality of military mobilisation to national consciousness; and the unevenness between popular and elite sentiment with regards to the imperial dimension. In historicising themes of extroversion and introversion, it reconsiders the significant metamorphoses in post-Thatcherite British nationalism, which had centred on proclaiming a national renaissance founded in foreign policy successes, international moral leadership and a state-led consensus for rolling out globalisation worldwide. The research shows that revisionism about the British Empire played a significant role in foreign policy discourse across this period, as did pro-EU sentiment among the governing and ruling elite. It highlights the mechanisms which allowed UK foreign policy intellectuals to link the military roll-out of ‘postmodern’ social norms with the European project’s end goals. These findings help historically situate Brexit amid a succession of crises for the liberal global order. The research finds that, whereas Brexit appeared initially as a retreat or break from the UK’s post-Thatcherite ‘globalising’ nationalism, subsequent developments highlight significant continuities.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86619128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The deterioration of South America’s security architecture: from cooperation to coexistence? 南美安全架构的恶化:从合作到共存?

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231195246

Milton Carlos Bragatti, Brigitte Weiffen

{"title":"The deterioration of South America’s security architecture: from cooperation to coexistence?","authors":"Milton Carlos Bragatti, Brigitte Weiffen","doi":"10.1177/00471178231195246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231195246","url":null,"abstract":"While South America made significant strides in regional security cooperation since the 1990s, more recently the region seems to have entered a process of backsliding from its cooperative achievements and towards mere coexistence. This article proposes that an English School approach allows for a nuanced assessment of regional security cooperation. It contributes to the analysis of regional international societies and regional organisations as markers of fundamental institutional change. While scholars have studied how regional organisations shape the fundamental institutions of regional international societies as they emerge and evolve, little research has been done on whether a decline in regional organisations can lead to changes in the fundamental institutions of regional international societies. Using a set of indicators for coexistence and cooperative international societies, we analyse whether there is evidence of backsliding from cooperation to coexistence in South America with regard to three different types of security challenges: interstate conflict and militarisation; inter-mestic repercussions of internal conflict and violence; and extra-regional influences. We argue that a decline in regional organisations exacerbates those challenges, as they are no longer mitigated through institutionalised diplomatic procedures. However, despite the organisational decline, fundamental institutions in South America have so far proven relatively resilient.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76912098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

After the end of the world? Rethinking temporalities of critique and affirmation in the Anthropocene 在世界末日之后?重新思考人类世批判与肯定的时间性

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231194710

Farai Chipato, David Chandler

{"title":"After the end of the world? Rethinking temporalities of critique and affirmation in the Anthropocene","authors":"Farai Chipato, David Chandler","doi":"10.1177/00471178231194710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231194710","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary era of the Anthropocene has undermined linear views of progress and development. In its wake, alternative futural imaginaries have become central to critical and decolonial accounts in the discipline of International Relations. We argue that radical imaginaries of alternative non-modern futures risk failing to account fully for the ongoing violence and exclusions of modernity. We identify two strands of Anthropocene work: firstly, the critique posed by ‘posthuman’ ontologies of relation and entanglement, seeking new modes of governance in the face of climate catastrophe; secondly, decolonial affirmative ways of being, drawn from the experiences of the dispossessed in modernity. Both these approaches to futurity seek to move beyond a modernist world to new futures. In our argument, we set out an alternative perspective, the Black Horizon, which rejects the call to imagine new productive futures, and instead focusses on the deconstruction of modernity, in search of ending the current world of antiblackness, rather than critique or affirm its existence. Thus, even though contemporary critical and decolonial approaches stress the attention to ontology, alterity and difference, in their attempts to ground alternative worlds in existing practices or knowledges, they offer salvific alternatives, whilst leaving the foundations of our current world intact.","PeriodicalId":47031,"journal":{"name":"International Relations","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81986556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming our world? Strengthening animal rights and animal welfare at the United Nations 改变我们的世界?在联合国加强动物权利和动物福利

IF 1.6 3区社会学

International Relations Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/00471178231193299

Andrea Schapper, Cebuan Bliss

引用次数: 0