Journal of Psychology in Africa最新文献

{"title":"The Psychology of Inequity: Motivation and Beliefs","authors":"Qian Chu, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2233206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2233206","url":null,"abstract":"Although inequality is a social problem, its origins are traceable at the psychological level. Exploring the motivations and beliefs that drive and maintain inequality at the psychological level can help us better understand the causes and effects of inequality and thus promote transformation. By systematically presenting the psychological mechanisms, group manifestations, and social effects of inequality, the book volume aims to illustrate how psychology can help explain inequality and promote equality. Chapter 1 successively explains how inequality is maintained from three different perspectives. First, selffulfilling prophecies, stereotypes, and in-group derogation may be destructive to breaking inequality. Second, the instinct to dominate others and to promote equality are both beneficial and detrimental to human survival, and thus both instincts have been selected and preserved. Finally, social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism may be critical predictors of how a person responds to inequality from the perspective of personality. Based on the therapist-client relationship, Chapter 2 proposes that a prerequisite for addressing or reducing inequality is the recognition of the fact that some people (most likely the therapist her/himself) are socially privileged. Individuals may seek the help of a psychotherapist after experiencing inequality. The therapist is certainly subjectively willing to help, but if they cannot recognise the fundamental differences in power and social privilege between themselves and the client, therapy is likely to be futile or counterproductive. Chapter 3 uses the example of transformative practice in American public schools to illustrate the significance and necessity of liberation psychology. In the US, racism history and its many forms in public schools have harmed students of colour of all ages. Liberation psychology is a psychological approach that seeks to actively understand the psychology of oppressed and impoverished communities by conceptually and practically addressing oppressive sociopolitical structures. It endeavours to raise the consciousness and rights of the oppressed while also trying to change the “oppressors” by helping them become aware of their social privilege and thus repairing the interpersonal, experiential, and social breakdown of oppression. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on the impact of racial microaggressions on self-esteem and poverty on mental illness, respectively. As society develops and civilisation advances, overt racism is decreasing, and many white people consider themselves anti-racist; however, almost all people of colour experience racial microaggressions at least once in their daily lives (Sue, 2010), suggesting that microaggressions are universal. The accumulation of these daily slights and insults can deplete psychological resources, particularly damaging an individual’s selfesteem (Wong-Padoongpatt et al., 2017). Similarly, the impact of poverty on mental health i","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer relationships and aggressive behaviour in adolescents: Moderation by gender and mediation by media violence","authors":"I. Ndukaihe, C. O. Okafor, Uchechukwu L. Okeowata, H. O. Eze, E. O. Agha, Peter Offu","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2207402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2207402","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the role of gender and media violence in adolescents’ peer relationship problems and aggressive behaviour. High school students (n = 144) from South-Eastern Nigeria participated in the study. Seventy-two completed an experiment in which they were exposed to media violence, while the other 72 served as attention controls. Following the interventions, the students completed measures of peer relationship problems and aggressive behaviour. Results from Hayes PROCESS Macro for moderated–mediation analyses indicated that peer relationship qualities predicted aggressive behaviour. Media violence exposure mediated the peer influence–aggressive behaviour relationship, such that the relationship was stronger for male participants with greater peer relationship problems. The relationship was weaker for female participants with lesser or no peer relationship problems. These findings are consistent with social learning theory, which proposes that children learn to engage in aggressive behaviour by observing the aggression of others, which could intensify over time.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-edged sword effect of servant leadership on employee creativity: Mediation–moderation analysis","authors":"H. Wang, Xueshuang Chen, Jianbo Zhu, Xiangqing Li","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2219557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2219557","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on social information processing theory (SIPT), this study examines the mediating role of creative self-efficacy and follower dependency on the relationship between servant leadership and employee creativity, focusing on task uncertainty moderation. Data was collected from 338 employees in Chinese manufacturing companies (females = 62.1%, 21–40 years old = 91.1%, bachelor’s degree or above = 86.1%). The employees completed two waves of surveys two weeks apart. Findings from a structural equation model indicate that higher servant leadership was associated with higher employee creativity through creative self-efficacy. However, high servant leadership was associated with low employee creativity through follower dependency. Creative self-efficacy mediation between servant leadership and employee creativity was stronger than follower dependency. Task uncertainty strengthened the indirect effect of servant leadership on employee creativity via creative self-efficacy and follower dependency. From these findings, it appears that servant leadership has a double-edged sword effect on employee creativity.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46079283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering women in South African law enforcement: Developing authenticity as best-self","authors":"Rochelle Jacobs, Antoni Barnard","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2233229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2233229","url":null,"abstract":"This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the authenticity experiences of South African women in law enforcement from a best-self perspective. Narrative interviews were conducted with 12 women from police and traffic services, aged between 26 and 55 (25% black, 58% mixed race and 17% white). Using thematic analysis, three themes were generated, namely, developing self-awareness, growing self-determination, and practising self-appraisal. By developing their self-awareness, they engaged in a self-reflective recognition of negative stress responses and realised alternative responses. Growing self-determination denotes consciously and actively applying best-self enhancing strategies to realign with the best-self. The women said to consistently apply self-appraisal to assess and confirm congruence with the best-self. The findings suggest three self-processing elements that are key to authenticity development. Opportunities to engage in authenticity development interventions aimed at empowering women should focus on sense of realignment with the best-self.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employee turnover intention: The predictive role of work-related burnout and psychosocial climate among university workers","authors":"M. Baidoo, E. Ansah, Samuel Essien-Baidoo","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2233210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2233210","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the extent to which work-related burnout and psychosocial environment predicted intention to leave employment. This cross-sectional survey sampled 1 222 Ghanaian university employees (females = 37.1%; age range = 18 to above 60 years; mean years of work experience = 5 years, SD = 3.1 years). The employees completed Demand-Control-Support, Work Burnout, Chronic Work Discrimination and Harassment, and Turnover Intention Measures. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), results indicate that work factors like job demand, job decision latitude and harassment predict turnover intention. Personal factors of depersonalisation and diminished personal accomplishment (but not emotional exhaustion) significantly influenced the turnover intention of the workers. Both female and male academic and non-academic employees reported experiencing significantly higher levels of work factors and personal factors and a moderate level of turnover intention. There is a need for university administration to create a workplace climate team to support employees in performing their roles.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46959852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergroup emotions and intergroup attitudes in post-apartheid South Africa","authors":"E. Bornman, J. Mynhardt, Dion van Zyl","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2233227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2233227","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the relationships among intergroup emotions and intergroup attitudes among three South African ethno-linguistic groups. The sample included 1 658 respondents (350 Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans; 526 English-speaking white South Africans; and 782 black South African respondents). They completed surveys on intergroup attitudes and group-based emotions of pride, anger, disgust, fear, pity and envy. Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate predictors of outgroup attitudes. The results indicate that attitudes of younger black South Africans were more negative towards Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans. Ingroup pride predicted more positive outgroup attitudes for all groups. Disgust predicted the more negative outgroup attitudes for all groups, while anger predicted more negative white South Africans’ attitudes towards black South Africans. Fear was negatively associated with black South Africans’ attitudes towards English-speaking white South Africans, while outgroup pity predicted more positive white South Africans’ attitudes towards black South Africans and black South Africans’ attitudes towards English-speaking white South Africans. The study confirms tenets of intergroup emotion theory that intergroup emotions serve a regulating function in intergroup attitudes and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forgiveness-related motives: An Angola–Portugal comparison","authors":"Paulo Alves, Joana Neto, Maria da Conceição Azevedo, Félix Neto, Etienne Mullet","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2233224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2233224","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the structure of forgiveness motives expressed by young adults in two different countries: Angola and Portugal. A total of 483 participants (245 Angolans and 238 Portuguese) were presented with the Motivation to Forgive Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a four-factor structure in both samples, namely: Forgiveness through restoration of sympathy, Forgiveness through morality, Forgiveness through love, and Forgiveness as recovery of mastery (in order of strength of endorsement). The Forgiveness through morality score was notably higher among Angolans than among Portuguese. This result is consistent with suggestions that Africans appear to have a greater disposition to forgive unconditionally than Westerners.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health, lifestyle factors and subsequent falls among ageing adults in South Africa","authors":"K. Peltzer","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2219575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2219575","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal associations between mental health and lifestyle factors with falls among rural South Africans in the Agincourt sub-district in Mpumalanga province. We analysed longitudinal data from two consecutive waves of the Health and Ageing in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI), comprising 5 059 participants at baseline in 2014/2015 and 4 176 participants at follow-up in 2018/2019. The 2018/2019 survey included data on fall history. The mean age of the participants at baseline was 62.4 years (SD = 13.1 years). The prevalence of subsequent falls was 3.3% and associated with older age, short sleep, persistent depressive symptoms and low hand grip strength. Other fall incident-related factors are sedentary behaviour, functional disability and restless sleep. Those self-reporting physical activity had a lower risk for falls. Fall prevention programmes with rural living and ageing South Africans should target modifiable factors of short sleep, depressive symptoms and sedentary behaviour.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42012873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengths-based human resource system and organisational citizenship behaviour: Mediation by organisational support and moderation by tenure","authors":"He Ding, Meng Zhang, Enhai Yu","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2219587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2219587","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored perceived organisational support (POS) mediation and the role of organisational tenure moderation in the relationship between the perceived strengths-based human resource (HR) system and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). We collected data from 216 Chinese employees in different industries (e.g., manufacturing, energy and finance) in three waves with a time lag of two weeks (50.5% = female; mean age = 33 years; SD = 6). The results of the moderated mediation path analysis showed that POS partially positively mediates the relationship between the perceived strengths-based HR system and OCB. In addition, organisational tenure negatively moderated the direct relationship between the perceived strengths-based HR system and POS. The indirect relationship between the perceived strengthsbased HR system and OCB via POS was weaker when organisational tenure was high. This study identified mechanisms between the perceived strengths-based HR system and OCB and provides managers with valuable strategies for maximising employee OCB.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Father–child relationship and children’s peer competence: Mediated by children’s emotional regulation and environmental adaptation","authors":"Wenxiao Cui, Ruiqian Li, Xiao Yang, Xia Wu","doi":"10.1080/14330237.2023.2219570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2023.2219570","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore father–child relationships and young children’s peer competence, as mediated by child emotional regulation and environmental adaptation. The children’s fathers and teachers completed peer competence, child emotional regulation and environmental adaptation measures on 216 Chinese children and their fathers. The results, following correlation analysis by SPSS 25.0 and validation analysis by AMOS modelling, demonstrated that: (a) a higher score on the parent–child relationship scale was associated with a higher children’s peer competence score; and (b) emotional regulation and environmental adaptation in the children’s ego resilience mediated between the father–child relationship and was associated with young children’s higher peer competence. These findings indicate that father–child relationship quality is important to children’s peer competence with superior emotional regulation and environmental adaptation. Therefore, educators should help enhance the parent–child relationship to improve children’s emotional regulation and school adaptation.","PeriodicalId":46959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}