Health Economics Review最新文献

{"title":"Catastrophic health expenditures: a disproportionate risk in uninsured ethnic minorities with diabetes.","authors":"Sebastian Linde, Leonard E Egede","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00486-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00486-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chargemaster prices are the list prices that providers and health systems assign to each of their medical services in the US. These charges are often several factors of magnitude higher than those extended to individuals with either private or public insurance, however, these list prices are billed in full to uninsured patients, putting them at increased risk of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). The objective of this study was to examine the risk of CHE across insurance status, diabetes diagnosis and to examine disparity gaps across race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We perform a retrospective observational study on a nationally representative cohort of adult patients from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for the years 2002-2017. Using logistic regression models we estimate the risk of CHE across insurance status, diabetes diagnosis and explore disparity gaps across race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our fully adjusted results show that the relative odds of having CHE if uninsured is 5.9 (p < 0.01) compared to if insured, and 1.1 (p < 0.01) for patients with a diabetes diagnosis (compared to those without one). We note significant interactions between insurance status and diabetes diagnosis, with uninsured patients with a diabetes diagnosis being 9.5 times (p < 0.01) more likely to experience CHE than insured patients without a diabetes diagnosis. In terms of racial/ethnic disparities, we find that among the uninsured, non-Hispanic blacks are 13% (p < 0.05), and Hispanics 14.2% (p < 0.05), more likely to experience CHE than non-Hispanic whites. Among uninsured patients with diabetes, we further find that Hispanic patients are 39.3% (p < 0.05) more likely to have CHE than non-Hispanic white patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that uninsured patients with diabetes are at significantly elevated risks for CHE. These risks are further found to be disproportionately higher among uninsured racial/ethnic minorities, suggesting that CHE may present a channel through which structural economic and health disparities are perpetuated.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-life expenditure on health care for the older population: a scoping review.","authors":"Ewa Kocot, Azzurra Ferrero, Shibu Shrestha, Katarzyna Dubas-Jakóbczyk","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00493-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00493-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The existing evidence shows that the pattern of health expenditure differs considerably between people at the end-of-life and people in other periods of their lives. The awareness of these differences, combined with a detailed analysis of future mortality rates is one of the key pieces of information needed for health spending prognoses. The general objective of this review was to identify and map the existing empirical evidence on end-of-life expenditure related to health care for the older population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve the objective of the study a systematic scoping review was performed. There were 61 studies included in the analysis. The project has been registered through the Open Science Framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The included studies cover different kinds of expenditure in terms of payers, providers and types of services, although most of them include analyses of hospital spending and nearly 60% of analyses were conducted for insurance expenditure. The studies provide very different results, which are difficult to compare. However, all of the studies analyzing expenditure by survivorship status indicate that expenditure on decedents is higher than on survivors. Many studies indicate a strong relationship between health expenditure and proximity to death and indicate that proximity to death is a more important determinant of health expenditure than age per se. Drawing conclusions on the relationship between end-of-life expenditure and socio-economic status would be possible only by placing the analysis in a broader context, including the rules of a health system's organization and financing. This review showed that a lot of studies are focused on limited types of care, settings, and payers, showing only a partial picture of health and social care systems in the context of end-of-life expenditure for the older population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of studies on end-of-life expenditure for the older population conducted so far are largely inconsistent. The review showed a great variety of problems appearing in the area of end-of-life expenditure analysis, related to methodology, data availability, and the comparability of results. Further research is needed to improve the methods of analyses, as well as to develop some analysis standards to enhance research quality and comparability.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10905877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of preventive behavior in the case of a new and evolving health risk: the case of COVID-19 vaccination.","authors":"Deeksha Gupta, Caroline Rudisill","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00484-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00484-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Time preferences for preventive behavior under novel risks and uncertain contexts may differ from timing preferences related to familiar risks. Therefore, it is crucial to examine drivers of preventative health behavior timing in light of new health risks. Using the case of COVID-19, we examine factors affecting vaccination timing plans when vaccines were widely available in the European Union (EU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use data from the Flash Eurobarometer 494 survey (May 21-26, 2021), which collected information on EU residents' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccinations. We also use the 'Our World in Data' vaccination database for country-level COVID-19 vaccination rates. Probit regressions were conducted to determine how local vaccination rates, trust in information sources, social norms, vaccine safety beliefs, and risk understanding affected the probability of COVID-19 vaccination delay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of total participants (n = 26,106), 9,063 (34.7%) were vaccinated, 7,114 (27.3%) wanted to get vaccinated as soon as possible, 5,168 (19.8%) wanted to delay vaccination and 2,962 (11.4%) resisted vaccination. Participants were more likely to delay COVID-19 vaccination if they lived in a country with lower vaccination prevalence, trusted online social networks, family, friends, and colleagues for vaccination information, were eager to follow vaccination-related social norms, expressed vaccine safety concerns, and understood the risk of catching COVID-19 without a vaccine to be lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results from the study contribute to understanding important factors that predict timing of vaccination plans. These findings can also contribute to the wider knowledge base about timing of preventive behavior uptake in novel risk contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A comparative study of bibliometric analysis on old adults' cognitive impairment based on web of science and CNKI via CiteSpace.","authors":"Shuyi Yan, Mingli Pang, Jieru Wang, Rui Chen, Hui Liu, Xixing Xu, Bingsong Li, Qinling Li, Fanlei Kong","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00483-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00483-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health spending in Sub-Saharan Africa: exploring transmission mechanisms using the latent growth curve mediation model.","authors":"Wa Ntita Serge Kabongo, Josue Mbonigaba","doi":"10.1186/s13561-023-00472-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-023-00472-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the imperatives of universal health coverage, structural factors that may hinder the effectiveness of increased spending in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) need attention. This study assessed the mediating role of these factors in domestic general government health expenditure (DGGHE) effects to propose solutions for improving population health outcomes (PHO). The analysis used the Latent Growth Curve Mediation Model (LGCMM) approach within the structural equation model (SEM) framework for panel data from 42 SSA countries from 2015 to 2018. The findings were that malaria and female education formed a channel through which DGGHE imparted its effects on DALY in SSA, and these effects were achieved via the specific path from the DGGHE slope to the DALY slope, via malaria and female education slopes. However, the paper found no evidence of immunization coverage mediating the relationship between DGGHE and DALY in SSA. The paper concludes that structural factors affect the effectiveness of DGGHE on PHO, implying that governments should emphasize existing programs to fight against malaria and increase immunization coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economic costs of orthopaedic services: a health system cost analysis of tertiary hospitals in a low-income country","authors":"Pakwanja Twea, David Watkins, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Boston Munthali, Sven Young, Levison Chiwaula, Gerald Manthalu, Dominic Nkhoma, Peter Hangoma","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00485-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-024-00485-8","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic injuries are rising globally, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, constituting 88% of the burden of surgically treatable conditions. While contributing to the highest burden, LMICs also have the least availability of resources to address this growing burden effectively. Studies on the cost-of-service provision in these settings have concentrated on the most common traumatic injuries, leaving an evidence gap on other traumatic injuries. This study aimed to address the gap in understanding the cost of orthopaedic services in low-income settings by conducting a comprehensive costing analysis in two tertiary-level hospitals in Malawi. We used a mixed costing methodology, utilising both Top-Down and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing approaches. Data on resource utilisation, personnel costs, medicines, supplies, capital costs, laboratory costs, radiology service costs, and overhead costs were collected for one year, from July 2021 to June 2022. We conducted a retrospective review of all the available patient files for the period under review. Assumptions on the intensity of service use were based on utilisation patterns observed in patient records. All costs were expressed in 2021 United States Dollars. We conducted a review of 2,372 patient files, 72% of which were male. The median length of stay for all patients was 9.5 days (8–11). The mean weighted cost of treatment across the entire pathway varied, ranging from $195 ($136—$235) for Supracondylar Fractures to $711 ($389—$931) for Proximal Ulna Fractures. The main cost components were personnel (30%) and medicines and supplies (23%). Within diagnosis-specific costs, the length of stay was the most significant cost driver, contributing to the substantial disparity in treatment costs between the two hospitals. This study underscores the critical role of orthopaedic care in LMICs and the need for context-specific cost data. It highlights the variation in cost drivers and resource utilisation patterns between hospitals, emphasising the importance of tailored healthcare planning and resource allocation approaches. Understanding the costs of surgical interventions in LMICs can inform policy decisions and improve access to essential orthopaedic services, potentially reducing the disease burden associated with trauma-related injuries. We recommend that future studies focus on evaluating the cost-effectiveness of orthopaedic interventions, particularly those that have not been analysed within the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of disease-modifying drugs of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.","authors":"Nasrin Abulhasanbeigi Gallehzan, Majid Khosravi, Khosro Jamebozorgi, Nazanin Mir, Habib Jalilian, Samira Soleimanpour, Saeed Hoseini, Aziz Rezapour, Abbas Eshraghi","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00478-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00478-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease. The economic burden of MS is substantial, and the high cost of Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) prices are the main drivers of healthcare expenditures. We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of DMDs for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The search covered articles published between May 2001 and May 2023. Studies that were written in English and Persian and examined the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of DMDs in patients with MS were included in our review. Data extraction was guided by the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist, and the quality of economic evaluations was assessed using the Quality of Health Economics Studies Instrument (QHES). All costs were converted to 2020 U.S. dollars using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 1589 studies, and 49 studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were mainly based on a European setting. Most studies employed Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness. The lowest and highest numerical value of outcome measures were -1,623,918 and 2,297,141.53, respectively. Furthermore, the lowest and highest numerical value of the cost of DMDs of RRMS were $180.67, and $1474840.19, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results of all studies, it can be concluded that for the treatment of patients with MS, care-oriented strategies should be preferred to drug strategies. Also, among the drug strategies with different prescribing methods, oral disease-modifying drugs of RRMS should be preferred to injectable drugs and intravenous infusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10870486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the costs of adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: a systematic review.","authors":"Maxime Durand, Christel Castelli, Clarisse Roux-Marson, Jean-Marie Kinowski, Géraldine Leguelinel-Blache","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00481-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00481-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse drug events (ADEs) are not only a safety and quality of care issue for patients, but also an economic issue with significant costs. Because they often occur during hospital stays, it is necessary to accurately quantify the costs of ADEs. This review aimed to investigate the methods to calculate these costs, and to characterize their nature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted to identify methods used to assess the cost of ADEs on Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Original articles published from 2017 to 2022 in English and French were included. Economic evaluations were included if they concerned inpatients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 127 studies screened, 20 studies were analyzed. There was a high heterogeneity in nature of costs, methods used, values obtained, and time horizon chosen. A small number of studies considered non-medical (10%), indirect (20%) and opportunity costs (5%). Ten different methods for assessing the cost of ADEs have been reported and nine studies did not explain how they obtained their values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no consensus in the literature on how to assess the costs of ADEs, due to the heterogeneity of contexts and the choice of different economic perspectives. Our study adds a well-deserved overview of the existing literature that can be a solid lead for future studies and method implementation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration CRD42023413071.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of lifetime productivity loss from patients with chronic diseases: methods and empirical evidence of end-stage kidney disease from Taiwan.","authors":"Fuhmei Wang, Jing-Shiang Hwang, Wen-Yen Huang, Yu-Tzu Chang, Jung-Der Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00480-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00480-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies that examine the broad allocation of resources, regardless of who bears the costs, should ideally estimate costs from a societal perspective. We have successfully integrated survival rates, employment ratios, and earnings to address the significant challenge of evaluating societal value through productivity assessments of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a theoretical framework, we interconnected two nationwide databases: the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) and the Taiwan Mortality Registry from 2000 to 2017. Due to the statutory retirement age of 65, we collected data on all patients (83,358) aged 25-64 years diagnosed with ESKD and undergoing maintenance dialysis. We estimated the lifetime survival function through a rolling extrapolation algorithm, which was then combined with the monthly employment ratio and wages to calculate the lifetime employment duration and productivity up to the legal retirement age of ESKD patients. These were compared with sex-, age-, and calendar year-matched referents to determine the loss of employment duration and productivity of ESKD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESKD patients experienced a loss of approximately 25-56% in lifetime employment duration and a larger loss of about 32-66% in lifetime productivity after adjustments for different age, sex, and calendar year. The annual productivity loss per male (female) ESKD patient relative to that of the age-and calendar year-matched referent ranges from 75.5% to 82.1% (82.3% to 90.3%). During the periods when they are able to work (over the on-the-job duration) male ESKD patients lose between 34 and 56% of their income, and female ESKD patients lose between 39 and 68% of their income, compared to the age-and calendar year-matched referents. The loss of lifetime productivity is a combination of reduced lifetime employment duration, functional disability, absenteeism, and presenteeism at the workplace. The loss related to presenteeism is implied by the reduced wages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In addition to the loss of employment duration, we have empirically demonstrated the lifetime loss of productivity in patients with ESKD, also indicating the \"presenteeism\" resulted from inability to perform their job with full capacity over long-term periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) health center investments on disadvantaged neighborhoods after recession.","authors":"Elizabeth L Tung, Nour Asfour, Joshua D Bolton, Elbert S Huang, Calvin Zhang, Luc Anselin","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00482-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00482-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are integral to the U.S. healthcare safety net and uniquely situated in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) invested $2 billion in FQHC stimulus during the Great Recession; but it remains unknown whether this investment was associated with extended benefits for disadvantaged neighborhoods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a propensity-score matched longitudinal design (2008-2012) to examine whether the 2009 ARRA FQHC investment was associated with local jobs and establishments recovery in FQHC neighborhoods. Job change data were obtained from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) survey and calculated as an annual rate per 1,000 population. Establishment change data were obtained from the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA) and calculated as an annual rate per 10,000 population. Establishment data included 4 establishment types: healthcare services, eating/drinking places, retail establishments, and grocery stores. Fixed effects were used to compare annual rates of jobs and establishments recovery between ARRA-funded FQHC census tracts and a matched control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 50,381 tracts, 2,223 contained ≥ 1 FQHC that received ARRA funding. A higher proportion of FQHC tracts had an extreme poverty designation (11.6% vs. 5.4%), high unemployment rate (45.4% vs. 30.3%), and > 50% minority racial/ethnic composition (48.1% vs. 36.3%). On average, jobs grew at an annual rate of 3.84 jobs per 1,000 population (95% CI: 3.62,4.06). In propensity-score weighted models, jobs in ARRA-funded tracts grew at a higher annual rate of 4.34 per 1,000 (95% CI: 2.56,6.12) relative to those with similar social vulnerability. We observed persistent decline in non-healthcare establishments (-1.35 per 10,000; 95% CI: -1.68,-1.02); but did not observe decline in healthcare establishments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Direct funding to HCs may be an effective strategy to support healthcare establishments and some jobs recovery in disadvantaged neighborhoods during recession, reinforcing the important multidimensional roles HCs play in these communities. However, HCs may benefit from additional investments that target upstream determinants of health to mitigate uneven recovery and neighborhood decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}