{"title":"Outward foreign investment performance, digital transformation, and ESG performance: Evidence from China","authors":"Muhammad Usman Khurram , Wajih Abbassi , Yifan Chen , Lifeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the impact of outward foreign direct investment performance (OFDI/OFIP) on digital transformation (DT) and determines how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance mediates this relationship. For this purpose, we employ a panel regression model, mediation effect tests (the Sobel test, a bootstrap test, and variable replacement test), and endogeneity analyses (2SLS and GMM method). We also evaluate China's accelerated depreciation of fixed assets policy (ADP) by using a difference-in-difference (DID) model, parallel trend test, propensity score matching (PSM)-DID model, quantile DID model, and bootstrap test. We use the CSMAR database for Chinese OFIP, and perform text and word frequency analysis to obtain the DT score and the Huazheng ESG ratings index for the ESG Performance during the period 2010–2020. (1) Based on the results, OFIP has a significant positive impact on firms' DT, with ESG performance strengthening this relationship. (2) Meanwhile, the ADP restrains the DT and OFIP of high-tech firms in China. These findings provide practical implications for companies aiming to improve their long-term sustainability and competitiveness and obtain a better understanding of the relationship between OFIP, DT, and ESG performance. It is hoped that the findings will be used as a reference for expanding firms' overseas investments, driving DT, and enhancing ESG performance in emerging economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Enamul Hoque , Mabruk Billah , Md Rafayet Alam , Aviral Kumar Tiwari
{"title":"Gold-backed cryptocurrencies: A hedging tool against categorical and regional financial stress","authors":"Mohammad Enamul Hoque , Mabruk Billah , Md Rafayet Alam , Aviral Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the potential of gold-backed cryptocurrencies, such as Tether Gold and PAX Gold, as a hedge and safe haven against global, regional, and categorical financial stresses. Hedge and safe haven properties of gold-backed cryptocurrencies are also compared with those of gold and Bitcoin. For the analyses, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and quantile coherency techniques are applied to daily data from February 2020 to March 2023. The results show that Tether Gold and PAX Gold are strong safe havens against the US and equity-valuation-related financial stress but weak safe havens against global financial stress. Tether Gold is a weak safe haven against credit-related financial stress as well. Tether Gold is a strong hedge against US financial stress but a weak hedge against aggregate financial stress of developed economies and that of emerging economies. In our sample, gold-backed cryptocurrencies usually outperform gold and Bitcoin as a hedge and safe haven against financial stresses. The Quantile coherency analysis shows that Tether Gold is a hedge against low to moderate financial stress and a safe haven against extreme financial stresses. These findings have important implications for investors, risk-managers and policy makers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"U.S. Political corruption and labor investment (in)efficiency","authors":"Hasibul Chowdhury , Timothy Estreich , Ashrafee Hossain , Jiayi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the impact of political corruption on firm labor investment efficiency. We find that firms headquartered in areas with higher levels of corruption have more inefficient levels of labor investment. Firms in more corrupt environments have weaker monitoring brought about by information opacity as well as a need to shield their assets, which prompts them to adopt inefficient labor investment policies. These results are robust to considerations of omitted variable bias, selection bias, and other endogeneity concerns. The present research has broad implications for society, particularly employees, as it shows that political corruption causes firms to deviate from optimal labor investment decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wealth as a moderating effect on gender differences in portfolio holdings","authors":"Ylva Baeckström , Onur Kemal Tosun , Raul Riefler","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a unique data set of 6556 investment advisory clients at a large European wealth management institution we reveal how wealth trumps gender in determining the investment risk taking behaviour of women. While overall the advisory portfolios held by women contain less equity exposure and therefore have lower risk and return profiles than those held by men, this effect is attenuated when controlling for portfolio size. The portfolios of women with less than EUR200,000 invested contain higher equity allocations, i.e., more risk, and achieve greater returns, but they do not incur higher advisory fees compared to women with larger portfolios. These results confirm the moderating effect of wealth on gender. Furthermore, across both genders these smaller investors absorb more risk and have higher returning portfolios than investors with larger portfolios. Contributing to research on the role of gender in financial advice and investment decision making, our results are relevant to financial advisors and their clients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas D. Christopoulos , Joshua G. Barratt , Daniel C. Ilut
{"title":"Synthetic cap rate indices (1991-Covid era)","authors":"Andreas D. Christopoulos , Joshua G. Barratt , Daniel C. Ilut","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce a method that combines Euclidean distancing and OLS techniques to project synthetic capitalization rate indices (‘SCXs’) for metropolitan statistical areas in the US. SCXs are projected independently of market prices, asset specific characteristics and geographic location (ex-ante). In contrast to market cap rates, driven by geographic proximity and market comparables, our new method is driven by economic proximity. We find SCXs provide better forward guidance than market cap rates for commercial real estate (‘CRE’) defaults and CRE values before and during the Covid pandemic. Our method establishes CRE benchmark cap rate indices across property types that explicitly connect CRE valuation at the MSA level to macroeconomic indicators through economic proximity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxiao Zhou , Mengsi Dai , Xiaowei Ma , Vincent Charles , Umer Shahzad , Xin Zhao
{"title":"Economic policy uncertainty and the inhibitory effect of firms' green technology innovation","authors":"Xiaoxiao Zhou , Mengsi Dai , Xiaowei Ma , Vincent Charles , Umer Shahzad , Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the potential unforeseen impacts of environmental regulation changes on the innovative activities of micro agents, it is crucial to examine the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on business development. Several studies have shown that uncertainty acts as a hindrance and can hinder business innovation. This study utilizes data from 807 listed companies spanning from 2007 to 2019 and employs a double fixed-effects model to investigate the influence of EPU on enterprises' green technology innovation activities. The results reveal that EPU decreased firms' green technology innovation. Moreover, EPU inhibits corporate green technology innovation by increasing corporate financing constraints. Thus, financing constraints mediate between EPU and enterprises' level of green technology innovation, with increased market competition reducing the inhibiting effect of EPU on innovation. Furthermore, EPU decreases green technology innovation more among nonstate-owned and low-tech businesses than state-owned and high-tech businesses. This paper reveals the intrinsic mechanism of EPU on firms' innovation, clarifies the technological innovation process, and provides insights into governmental environmental governance from the perspective of EPU.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade openness and income inequality: The moderating role of institutional quality","authors":"Hyun-Jung Nam , Bart Frijns , Doojin Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the effects of trade openness on income inequality and the moderating role of institutional quality in this dynamic within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. We find the inverted U-shaped relationship between trade openness and income inequality. At a low level of trade openness, an increase in trade openness leads to higher income inequality. Beyond a certain threshold, however, trade openness starts to decrease income inequality. Institutional quality plays a moderating role, proving essential in reducing inequality. As policies and regulations improve and mature, they support private sector growth, contributing to a decrease in inequality. We highlight the importance of institutional quality as a moderator, not only to promote economic growth but also to ensure an equitable distribution of its benefits, particularly those derived from trade openness, across society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junyu Pan , Javier Cifuentes-Faura , Xin Zhao , Xiaoqian Liu
{"title":"Unlocking the impact of digital technology progress and entry dynamics on firm's total factor productivity in Chinese industries","authors":"Junyu Pan , Javier Cifuentes-Faura , Xin Zhao , Xiaoqian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In today's digital era, technology serves as a fundamental pillar of the digital economy, greatly transforming business models and re-evaluating the enterprises' worth. This theoretical study incorporates digital technology factors into a task-based model to discuss the impact of digital technology advancement and entry price on corporate total factor productivity (TFP) using 2008–2021 data from Chinese-listed companies. The findings show that advances in digital technology considerably help in improving corporate TFP. According to digital technology's pricing strategy, a decrease in the entry price is essential to advancing digital technology and improving TFP. An improvement in corporate management and operational capabilities contributes to incorporating digital technologies at a lower price, thus enhancing corporate TFP. In addition, digital technology advancement generates a heterogeneous TFP effect, which is highlighted in regions with well-protected intellectual property rights, enterprises with high-tech certifications, and nonstate enterprises. These findings demonstrate the empowering effect of emerging technologies on high-quality corporate development and provide strategic insights for companies to achieve digital transformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoaib Ali , Nassar S. Al-Nassar , Muhammad Naveed
{"title":"Bridging the gap: Uncovering static and dynamic relationships between digital assets and BRICS equity markets","authors":"Shoaib Ali , Nassar S. Al-Nassar , Muhammad Naveed","doi":"10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uniquely explores the link between nonfungible tokens (NFTs) and the stock markets, providing vital insights for investors to optimize portfolios during global uncertainties such as the health crisis and geopolitical conflicts. We employ the quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) model on daily data from March 14, 2018 to December 23, 2022. Subsequently, the statistics for portfolio analysis are computed using the DCC-GARCH model. Our results highlight that total connectedness at both extremes is significantly higher than at the mean and median quantiles suggesting strong impact of extreme events. The findings reveal that the equity markets of the BRICS countries receive shocks from the system, and NFTs act as transmitters of these shocks. Finally, the pre-COVID-19 pandemic optimal weights remained lower than the COVID-19 pandemic weights, proposing that to reduce risk investors should increase investment in BRICS markets. Similarly, the higher hedge ratio during the turmoil period implies a higher hedging cost. Our findings imply that investors should consider adjusting their investment strategies during periods of heightened global uncertainty to minimize risk and maximize returns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46907,"journal":{"name":"Global Finance Journal","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}