Latin American Politics and Society最新文献

{"title":"LAP volume 65 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Proscription Paradox: Banning Parties Based on Threshold Requirements and Electoral Volatility in Latin America","authors":"Karel Kouba","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Banning political parties is an extreme institutional measure that democracies tend to use sparingly. Nevertheless, Latin American countries frequently proscribe their parties through rules that activate dissolution for not reaching a certain number of votes or seats in an election. Such rules are expected to stabilize and simplify party systems. However, a competing theory suggests that such rules instead promote electoral volatility by injecting political uncertainty into the party system through cyclical refoundation of extinct parties and the mechanical effects of parties’ exits. Attempting to resolve this paradox, this analysis tests the effect of dissolution thresholds on electoral volatility in all Latin American democratic elections since 1980. Party bans based on dissolution thresholds are found to promote electoral volatility, which bears implications for democratic governance.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"31 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44122916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viviana Beatriz Macmanus , Disruptive Archives: Feminist Memories of Resistance in Latin America’s Dirty Wars. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2020. Photographs, figures, bibliography, index, 218 pp.; hardcover $110, paperback $26; ebook $19.95, pdf $19.95","authors":"Natália Maria Félix de Souza","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.62","url":null,"abstract":"Arenas de Mesa, Alberto. 2019. Los sistemas de pensiones en la encrucijada: desafíos para la sostenibilidad en América Latina. Santiago: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Barr, Nicholas, and Peter Diamond. 2010. Pension Reform: A Short Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cruz-Martínez, Gibrán, Luis Vargas Faulbaum, and Ricardo Velázquez Leyer. 2021. Social Security and Pension Systems: The Deep Stratification of Latin American Societies. In Latin American Social Policy Developments in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Natália Sátyro, Eloísa del Pino, and Carmen Midaglia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 163–94. Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. 1978. Social Security in Latin America: Pressure Groups, Stratification, and Inequality. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ——. 1985. El desarrollo de la seguridad social en América Latina. Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). ——. 2008. Reassembling Social Security: A Survey of Pensions and Health Care Reforms in Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"181 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benjamin A. Cowan, Moral Majorities Across the Americas: Brazil, the United States, and the Creation of the Religious Right. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021. Photographs, notes, index, 304 pp.; hardcover $95, paperback $29.95, ebook $24.99","authors":"Seth Garfield","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"185 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Evaluation of Four Decades of Pension Privatization in Latin America, 1980–2020: Promises and Reality. Mexico City: Fundación Friedrich Ebert, 2021. Figures, tables, abbreviations, notes, bibliography, appendixes, 204 pp","authors":"Luis Hernán Vargas Faulbaum","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.60","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Mesa-Lago is one of the first authors to highlight the importance of studying the political economy of pension systems, beginning with his book Social Security in Latin America (1978). Later, he was one of the first authors who began to elaborate substantiated criticism of the Chilean experience of individual capitalization (1985). Then (2008) he formalized a structural-type pension reform typology, consisting of a substitute model that closed the public system for a private system of defined contributions (Chile, Bolivia, Mexico, El Salvador, and the Dominican Republic); a mixed model, in which a public system was maintained and private management of funds was incorporated as a second pillar (Argentina, Costa Rica, Uruguay, and Panama); and a parallel model, in which the new private system entered directly into competition with the public pension system (Colombia and Peru). To frame the literature developed by Mesa-Lago more broadly, the study of pensions is relevant because these reforms must deal with financing problems and demands from different actors involved in this area. The solutions to the various demands and limitations caused by problems related to public pension finances are not usually reached in a single reform process. For example, Latin America is a region where old age pensions have been an essential axis for developing welfare regimes or schemes since the 1920s, with a heavy inheritance of fragmentation and segmentation that reproduced labor market inequalities (Cruz-Martínez et al. 2021). The current challenges are characterized by a context of inclusion of the excluded in the form of noncontributory pensions, while contributory schemes experience financing difficulties and worsening future sustainability, due to factors related to the demographic structure of the countries (Arenas de Mesa 2019). In addition, Latin America is experiencing a context of population aging and a consequent increase in the old age dependency rate, which calls into question the fiscal sustainability and equity of the architectures of pension systems. According to ECLAC, the population over 65 years of age doubled (from 3.7 percent to 7.7 percent) between 1965 and 2015, while in numbers, it grew from 9.1 million to 47 million. By 2065, it is estimated that 24.4 percent of the region’s population, equivalent to 183.5 million people, will be 65 years of age or older. Consequently, this Mesa-Lago monograph is a must-read reference for an overview, especially regarding the role of pensions in national strategies for social protection and poverty alleviation, particularly in a post-COVID recovery context. This work aims to evaluate the promises of privatization, considering the principles of Social Security, based on a bibliographic review and in the","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"177 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modes of Extraction in Latin America’s Lithium Triangle: Explaining Negotiated, Unnegotiated, and Aborted Mining Projects","authors":"L. González, R. Snyder","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mitigating climate change requires a global transition from fossil fuels to a “green economy” driven by renewable energies. This shift has fostered massive investments in mining resources, notably lithium in South America, needed to store renewable energies. These mining ventures often produce harmful externalities where lithium is located. In Argentina, a major producer, striking variation has occurred in the fortunes of lithium-mining projects. In some instances, mining companies offered concessions that mitigated environmental damage and improved local socioeconomic conditions. In others, companies made minimal concessions, and in a third set they halted projects in response to local resistance. Why do mining ventures result alternatively in negotiated, unnegotiated, or aborted extraction? The article proposes a new typology of modes of extraction together with a multilevel explanatory framework that centers on the strengths and strategies of transnational mining companies, subnational governments, and local communities in setting the terms for extracting lithium.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"47 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Positions: Party Positions and Political Manifestos in Costa Rica","authors":"Elías Chavarría-Mora, Katie Angell","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes how niche parties may utilize a strategy of policy shifting to garner additional voters. It leverages a unique opportunity in which a Costa Rican political party released two different versions of its party manifesto at different moments during a single election cycle. This rare opportunity uncovers how the party shifted from having a hard conservative stance on social issues, such as abortion, to moderating its stance and centering its focus on less contentious issues in a runoff election campaign. Understanding how a single political party may alter its strategy is important because it allows us to better gauge the effectiveness of shifting policy positions, especially for niche parties, for which a particular issue area is dominant. Moreover, this analysis opens additional avenues of research on political parties in the Latin American context, since research utilizing manifesto data in this context has been limited.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weapons of Clients: Why Do Voters Support Bad Patrons? Ethnographic Evidence from Rural Brazil","authors":"Mariana Borges Martins da Silva","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.49","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Current approaches to voting behavior in clientelist contexts either predict that clients leave their preferences aside for fear of having their benefits cut off or voluntarily support politicians they perceive to be reliable patrons. These two approaches cannot account for clients’ vote choices in the Sertão of Bahia, Brazil, where voters were free to choose among competing candidates but supported patrons they knew were unreliable. This article argues that clients voluntarily voted for bad patrons as a strategy to gain symbolic power in their negotiations with politicians. By explaining clients’ paradoxical choices in the Sertão, this article reveals how clientelism can persist without monitoring mechanisms or positive attitudes toward patrons. In addition, this study shows the importance of incorporating voters’ perspectives and their everyday survival strategies to better account for clients’ political behavior.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"22 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45361152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eduardo Moncada, Resisting Extortion: Victims, Criminals, and States in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Maps, figures, tables, abbreviations, appendix, bibliography, index, 300 pp.; hardcover $99.99, paperback $34.99, ebook $28","authors":"C. Hummel","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"174 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41946235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luciano Da Ros and Matthew M. Taylor, Brazilian Politics on Trial: Corruption and Reform Under Democracy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2022. Tables, figures, appendix, bibliography, index, 281 pp.; hardcover $95, ebook $95","authors":"G. Meszaros","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.53","url":null,"abstract":"demands of populist politics. Last but not least, without a fruitful—and methodologically rigorous—dialogue between political science, as a central focus, and the contributions of sociology and history, these works would not have the explanatory potential that we now enjoy. It is not difficult to predict that both works, to which I will dedicate a particular and more in-depth review in the future, have come to enrich research, teaching, and in general, rigorous knowledge about Latin American political dynamics.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"171 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}