Human Ecology Review最新文献

{"title":"Doing Business and Increasing Emissions? An Exploratory Analysis of the Impact of Business Regulation on CO2 Emissions","authors":"Annika Rieger","doi":"10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.04","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2005, the World Bank has released a data set titled Doing Business: Measuring Business Regulations. These data have become an important set of indicators of international business climate. However, the impacts of pro-business regulation on the environment have generally been overlooked. To help resolve this problem, I estimate a time-series cross-sectional Prais-Winsten regression model to test the relationship between business climate—represented by the World Bank’s Doing Business data set—and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in developing nations over 10 years, from 2005 to 2014. The results show that there is a statistically significant and positive association between business climate and CO2 emissions in developing nations. This shows that pro-business regulations contribute to increasing CO2 emissions in developing nations, a major driver of global climate change. I suggest that these results are due to business climate encouraging environmental load displacement, which posits that developed nations are partially displacing their environmental impacts onto developing nations.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47601160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Symbol to (Some) Substance: Costa Rica’s Carbon Neutral Pledge","authors":"J. A. Flagg","doi":"10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, Costa Rican politicians announced that the country would be carbon neutral by 2021. This paper investigates whether this pledge has moved beyond a symbolic commitment and, if so, how. Data consist of interviews conducted with officials in Costa Rica’s industry, government, science, and civil society as well as archival research. The findings show that carbon emissions declined after the pledge, but the effects of the great recession mean these declines cannot be directly attributed to the pledge. However, since 2007, there have also been numerous political changes that may contribute to future emissions reductions. Future research on symbolic politics would benefit from investigating how political acts can change from symbolic to more substantive over time as social groups grapple with how to act to fulfill the stated aims. This case study provides an important historical analog for understanding the aftermath of other nations’ pledges made at the 2015 global climate meeting.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Sense of Hydrosocial Patterns in Academic Papers on Extreme Freshwater Events","authors":"A. Sammel, Lana D. Hartwig","doi":"10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will communicate the outcomes of a systematic quantitative literature review that investigated how extreme freshwater events (EFWE) such as floods, droughts, and heavy rainfall are framed in peer-reviewed academic literature focusing on Queensland, Australia, and Saskatchewan, Canada. From this exercise, patterns emerge revealing a predominately science-based hydrological cycle perspective of EFWE with little recognition of societal influences. We advocate for a reframing of EFWE research in these areas to acknowledge how human practices are interconnected with the intensity and frequency of EFWE. We offer this study to encourage others to explore the contemporary narratives around EFWE emerging from research within their own locations.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role Identities and Pro-environmental Behavior among Farmers","authors":"J. Burke, Katrina Running","doi":"10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this exploratory work, we investigate the relationship between the role identity “farmer” and farmers’ land management practices using data from 30 semistructured interviews with farmers in southeastern Idaho. Guided by social identity principles, we examine how farmers’ collective identity influences environmental attitudes and behaviors. Overall, we find that most farmers have implemented some conservation practices on their land, particularly those related to soil and water, and see themselves and other farmers as good environmental stewards. However, we also find that many of their chosen conservation practices required little to no sacrifice, and in addition to benefiting the environment, were also cost-minimizing business decisions. We find that as a group, these farmers’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are largely focused on productive efficiency. We argue that this focus often puts them in competition with other social groups, which ultimately reinforces group saliency and adversely affects relations between farmers and other groups seeking to influence farming practices.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43849200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time, Power and Environmental Impact: A Growth Curve Model of the Relationship Between Temporal Change and CO2 Emissions Per Capita","authors":"P. Greiner","doi":"10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.25.01.2019.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this analysis, I examine the effect of social-structural factors associated with the passage of time on carbon dioxide (CO2) per capita, while also accounting for global power relations. I use World Development Indicator data on 91 nations over a 60year period. I control for global power relations using Clark and Beckfield’s (2009) trichotomous world-system categories to assign each country to a world-system stratum. I then use a hierarchical linear growth curve model to highlight the extent to which countries belonging to core, semi-periphery, and periphery categories are able to rely upon changes captured by the passage of time, such as improvements in technology, to reduce CO2 emissions per capita. Key findings indicate that, in nations belonging to the core and semi-periphery, such factors are associated with increases in CO2 emissions per capita, rather than the decreases that might be expected.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Philosophy and Poetic Thinking: Peter Sloterdijk’s Metaphorical Explorations of the Interior","authors":"Tom Lee, Rachael Wakefield-Rann","doi":"10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.08","url":null,"abstract":"This article makes the argument that Peter Sloterdijk’s philosophy provides a useful and thought-provoking basis for studies of contemporary indoor ecologies. Sloterdijk’s philosophy is distinctively attentive to the various environments in which humans exist and of the ecological situation of beings in general. The notions of interiority explored in Sloterdijk’s work, particularly the third volume of his spheres trilogy Spheres III: Foams (2004, 2016), provide important tools for conceptualizing the changing nature of indoor spaces and contemporary modes of being in the world. Sloterdijk’s approach to philosophical analysis exhibits a number of interrelated advantages that mesh well with the ambitions of human ecology, particularly in relation to indoor ecological conditions. These include his sustained conceptual exploration of technological and scientific developments, his distinctive use of rhetoric and philosophy in the characterization of human agency, and the close attention he pays to the relationship between being and design. This article unpacks the value of these perspectives through a sustained attention to Spheres III: Foams and aims to demonstrate why Sloterdijk’s work provides an invaluable philosophical tool kit to foreground and unite scholarship in diverse fields exploring the relationship between interior spaces, human perception, and society.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It’s Just a Never-Ending Battle”: The Role of Modern Hygiene Ideals and the Dynamics of Everyday Life in Constructing Indoor Ecologies","authors":"Rachael Wakefield-Rann, Dena Fam, Susan Stewart","doi":"10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research suggests that the greatest threat to children’s health from home environments across much of the industrialized world may no longer be pathogenic microbes, but impoverished microbial communities and the chemicals used in everyday products, including those for cleaning. This paper proposes that concepts of hygiene should be updated, given this reorientation of harm. However, little research has been conducted, which a) integrates knowledge from the diverse disciplinary fields concerned with indoor environments (such as microbiology, chemistry, and design), and b) examines how individuals conceptualize and enact hygiene to create healthier indoor environments for their families, including the extent to which their practices achieve this. To gain insight into factors influencing how hygiene is enacted in the home, as well as the consequent effects on the composition of indoor environments, it is necessary to transgress traditional disciplinary approaches to investigate indoor environmental health and integrate knowledge from experts and lay people who inhabit these spaces. To do this, recent scientific and design literature addressing key determinants of environmental health in homes are consulted. This is combined with qualitative research into the ways in which parents define, perform, and measure hygiene 1 Corresponding author: rachael.wakefield-rann@uts.edu.au. Human Ecology Review, Volume 24, Number 2, 2018 62 within domestic spaces. The data collected concerns homes in Sydney, Australia, with the findings showing that common hygiene practices with potentially harmful outcomes often emerge from compromises between competing priorities within complexes of home practices. Factors influencing the dynamics that determine which activities are prioritized and how they are performed are dually highlighted. Some notable factors include confusion and uncertainty associated with the sensory proxies used to determine cleanliness and risk of harm, increased sensitivity to the potential presence of microbes over other potentially harmful microspecies, and the health histories and experiences of parents and children.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiating a Transdisciplinary Conversation to Improve Indoor Ecologies","authors":"Rachael Wakefield-Rann, Dena Fam","doi":"10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor spaces have not traditionally been considered the domain of human ecology. They have been the subject of cultural, architectural, and sociological inquiry, and more recently the site at which various pathogenic or toxic encounters may be studied; yet, these concerns have rarely been investigated as part of one unified and codependent ecology. This special issue aims to remedy this dislocation by beginning a conversation between a range of disciplinary perspectives concerned with the indoors. This ambition is not only linked to a desire to articulate and connect multiple interacting variables operative in indoor spaces, but also to address both a number of factors that are increasingly creating indoor environmental conditions that are suboptimal for human habitation, and the broader more-thanhuman ecosystems in which they are situated. Although certainly not exhaustive in scope, the research presented in this special issue provides an exemplary profile of situated knowledge that must form the basis of future, integrative, transdisciplinary research into indoor ecologies. Spanning design, architecture, social and human ecology, environmental psychology, sociology, mycology, biotechnology, spatial sciences, statistics, engineering, philosophy, and “lay” and experiential knowledge perspectives, this special issue uncovers a number of the challenges and fertile points of overlap across epistemological approaches and areas of concern within the indoors. The goal of this issue is to highlight the points of divergence, and, more crucially, the points of convergence from which a new transdisciplinary approach to indoor research can emerge.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42641063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Innovation and Democracy in the Design of Earthquake-proof Dome Buildings in Yogyakarta","authors":"S. Yuliar, Andhika Riyadi, W. Sari","doi":"10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.06","url":null,"abstract":"A settlement may be viewed as a sociotechnical network consisting of buildings and social groups that together performs a certain function. A key question that has invited considerable debate in recent literature is how a collection of human and nonhuman elements converge to jointly function, thus, delineating the boundary between indoor and outdoor environments. The purpose of this paper is to address this question by employing actor–network theory (ANT) to investigate the design and construction of earthquake-proof dome buildings within the late 2000s Sleman Regency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The design trajectory of these domes was shaped by local and global actors, and negotiated the boundary between humans and their environment. The empirical findings in this paper identify the disentanglement of certain local groups during the design and construction process, which led to a fragile indoor–outdoor boundary, and contested the very uses of these structures. This paper discusses the issue of bringing technological innovation into a democratic composition of a collective, chiefly by introducing ANT in the design and construction of Yogyakarta’s earthquake-proof dome buildings. It also seeks to improve both scholarly understandings and existing post-disaster reconstruction practices, in turn.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43127307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrastructures of Care: Opening up “Home” as Commons in a Hot City","authors":"A. M. Lopes, S. Healy, Emma R. Power, L. Crabtree, K. Gibson","doi":"10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.24.02.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"What does it mean to be at home in a hot city? One response is to shut our doors and close ourselves in a cocoon of air-conditioned thermal comfort. As the climate warms, indoor environments facilitated by technical infrastructures of cooling are fast becoming the condition around which urban life is shaped. The price we pay for this response is high: our bodies have become sedentary, patterns of consumption individualized, and spaces of comfortable mobility and sociality in the city, termed in this paper as “infrastructures of care,” have declined. Drawing on the findings of a transdisciplinary pilot study titled Cooling the Commons, this paper proposes that the production of the home as an enclosed and private space needs to be rethought as an infrastructure that potentially undermines more social, convivial, and environmentally sensitive responses to a warming world. The paper asks, what role might design now play in developing alternative infrastructures of care that start with the idea of “home” as a distributed proposition?","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44268790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}