Journal of Wrist Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Force Transfer through the Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) Joint.","authors":"Nicholas Parody, Shengnan Huang, Catherine Petchprapa, Ronit Wollstein","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761287","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1761287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint transfers forces to the proximal carpal row from the thumb and fingers. Clinically, STT joint osteoarthritis is frequently observed on plain radiographs though its role in the mechanics of the wrist joint remains unclear. <b>Questions/Purposes</b>  Our purpose was to use a model of normal wrist types, to predict STT motion upon load. <b>Patients and Methods</b>  Five normal computed tomography scans of a wrist type 1 and five wrist type 2 were used to model the wrist. A 200-N force was split and applied to the trapezoid and capitate to replicate forces during a knuckle pushup. The bony movement was predicted by the model as bony movement using finite element analysis. <b>Results</b>  We found differences in force transfer through the STT joint between the two wrist types when loading the index and middle fingers. Type 1 wrists moved quantitatively more anterior-posterior, type 2 wrists moved more medially-laterally and more proximally-distally. The trapezium in type 1 wrists moved more in the coronal plane than in type 2 wrists. The trapezoid moved more from distal to proximal in a type 2 wrist, <i>p</i>  = 0.03. <b>Conclusion/Clinical Relevance</b>  This study found differences in motion upon loading through the STT joint between type 1 and 2 wrists. Type 2 wrists moved more radially toward the proximal scaphoid and scapholunate ligament. This study may provide a mechanical basis for degenerative configurations. By linking observed patterns of degeneration to their mechanical causes we can aid in prevention of arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 5","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Repair Technique in Pronator Quadratus in Management of Distal Radius Fracture: Comparison with Primary Repair and Unrepaired Techniques.","authors":"Ömer Ayik,&nbsp;Serkan Bayram,&nbsp;Murat Altan,&nbsp;Muhammed Çağatay Engin","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1760734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  We aimed to compare the functional and clinical results between our new repair technique in the groups with and without pronator quadratus (PQ) repair in distal radius fractures treated with plate fixation using the volar approach. <b>Methods</b>  The medical records of patients who underwent open reduction and volar plate fixation due to distal radius fracture between 2018 and 2020 were studied. In group A, PQ cannot be sutured or tension may occur, the intact radial fascia of the deep anterior fascia (DAF) was placed under the flexors toward the PQ and it was sutured with a 3-0 slow-absorbable monofilament suture to DAF. In group B, no repair was performed. In group C, PQ was sutured with traditional method. Range of motion (ROM) of wrist and handgrip strengths were measured at final examination. Pain was assessed with Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and functional status was evaluated with Quick - Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH). Complications which included tendinopathy, neuritis, tendon rupture due to plate irritation, implant failure, and malunion were also compared. <b>Results</b>  Seventy-seven patients (group A, 21, group B, 24, group C, 32 patients) were included in the final follow-up examination who met our inclusion criteria. Among the clinical, functional, and radiological results such as ROM, VAS, DASH, grip strength, and complications in the all group at a mean postoperative of 16.6 months no significant difference was observed. <b>Conclusion</b>  Although there was no significant difference between the groups in this study, we think that covering the plate may prevent long-term complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 5","pages":"390-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starting New Category \"Editor's Pick\" and Getting Impact Factor for Journal of Wrist Surgery.","authors":"Toshiyasu Nakamura","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760200","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1760200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9836770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10522595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Pisiform Excision for Pisotriquetral Instability or Arthritis: A Prospective Review.","authors":"Mikaela J Peters, Avi Mazor, Zafeiria Glaris, Thomas Joseph Goetz","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758708","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1758708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Pisotriquetral pain and instability is an elusive cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Initial treatment of chronic pisotriquetral pathology should involve a trial of nonoperative therapy such as neutral wrist splint, anti-inflammatories, and intra-articular steroid injections. The mainstay of surgical management of pisotriquetral pain is pisiform excision. <b>Purpose</b>  This prospective study seeks to understand patient satisfaction after pisiform excision in patients with isolated pisotriquetral pathology. <b>Patients and Methods</b>  A consecutive series of nine cases of pisiform excision was performed by the senior surgeon. The primary outcome measure was determined a priori to be the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score. Wrist range of motion, grip strength, and QuickDASH (shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scores were also collected preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively as secondary outcome measures. <b>Results</b>  There was a very rapid improvement in the PRWE by 3 months, which was maintained at 12 months. The QuickDASH score was slower to improve, with a significant improvement by 12 months. There was no change in grip strength or wrist range of motion at any time point. <b>Conclusion</b>  Pisiform excision results in a very rapid improvement of symptoms and should be considered in cases of pisotriquetral instability or arthritis that fail conservative management. <b>Level of Evidence</b>  Level IV, case series.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 4","pages":"331-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Clinical and Functional Outcomes after Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection and Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.","authors":"Vivek Kumar, Jatin Talwar, Ashish Rustagi, Loveneesh G Krishna, Vinod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760124","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1760124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has local anti-inflammatory actions, which is being used as a treatment in various tendinopathies. <b>Purpose</b>  The aim of the study is to compare the clinical results of PRP injection and corticosteroid injection in the management of de Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQTSV). <b>Patients and Methods</b>  In this prospective study, 60 patients of DQTSV, fulfilling the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomised into two groups. In group 1 ( <i>n</i>  = 30), patients received a single injection of autologous PRP and in group 2 ( <i>n</i>  = 30) they received a single injection of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone). All patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year for evaluation by Finkelstein test, visual analogue scale (VAS), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score, and Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS). <b>Results</b>  In both the groups improvement occurred in Finkelstein test, VAS score, DASH score, and MMWS which were found to be statistically significant at all points of follow-ups when compared to the pre-intervention values. Comparison of scores between the two groups did not show any statistical significance. No complications were reported in PRP group. Statistically significant complications ( <i>p</i> -value = 0.026) like subcutaneous fat atrophy, depigmentation, and temporary increase in pain were seen in eight patients in the corticosteroid group with an overall complication rate of 26.67%. <b>Conclusion</b>  Both the modalities are equally effective in the management of DQTSV remittance. PRP is equally effective as corticosteroid in reducing symptoms of first dorsal compartment stenosing tenosynovitis. PRP may have a lower complication profile, however, this benefit should be weighed against the slight increase in cost and time of PRP preparation and injection. <b>Level of Evidence</b>  Level 2, prospective comparative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 2","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9131136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Preoperative Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic DRUJ Arthritis after Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Single-Institution Case Series.","authors":"Lauren E Dittman, Alexander Y Shin, Peter C Rhee","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759687","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1759687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Concomitant severe radiocarpal (RC) arthritis with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis can be debilitating for patients. Surgical management of these combined arthritides can pose a dilemma for surgeons and patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with concomitant RC and DRUJ arthritides who underwent only total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) to determine the need for subsequent surgical management of preoperative asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  All patients who underwent TWA between 2008 and 2018 at a single institution were evaluated. Those patients who underwent TWA for degenerative, inflammatory, or posttraumatic arthritis with concomitant asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis preoperatively were included. A retrospective review was performed for demographic variables, TWA indications, pre- versus post-TWA DRUJ symptoms, and severity of DRUJ arthritis on radiographs. Primary outcome measure was survivorship from subsequent DRUJ surgery for development of symptomatic arthritis after initial TWA. <b>Results</b>  One hundred and eighty-three patients underwent TWA during the study period, of which 39 wrists met inclusion criteria. Indications for TWA included posttraumatic arthritis ( <i>n</i>  = 22), avascular necrosis of the lunate ( <i>n</i>  = 10), and inflammatory arthritis ( <i>n</i>  = 7). The mean clinical follow-up was 5.7 years (range: 1.5-12.7 years). Four patients (10%) who underwent TWA ultimately required a subsequent procedure to address DRUJ arthritis at a mean time of 20 months (range: 3-60 months) after initial TWA. The initial indication for TWA in these patients included symptomatic posttraumatic arthritis ( <i>n</i>  = 3) and lunate avascular necrosis ( <i>n</i>  = 1). <b>Conclusion</b>  In patients with symptomatic RC and asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides undergoing TWA alone, 10% in this series required subsequent surgical management for progressive DRUJ arthritis. <b>Clinical Relevance</b>  Surgical management of concomitant symptomatic RC and asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides with TWA alone is a reasonable initial approach. Patients should be counseled preoperatively that subsequent surgical management of progressive DRUJ arthritis may be necessary in ∼10% of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 4","pages":"295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorsal Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Palmaris Longus Tendon Graft in Chronic Static Scapholunate Dissociations: Does It Yield Favorable Radiographic and Functional Results?","authors":"Yigit Erdag, Tuna Pehlivanoglu","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759729","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1759729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Scapholunate (SL) instability is the most common dissociative carpal instability, and the most frequent cause of wrist osteoarthritis (OA), termed as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). The aim of this study was to present the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by utilizing free palmaris longus tendon graft in patients with symptomatic, chronic, static SL dissociation; while assessing the safety and efficacy of this technique, <b>Materials and Methods</b>  In total, 42 patients with a mean age of 44.1 (range 26-53) and mean follow-up duration of 69.4 months (range 60-72) with a diagnosis of chronic, static, and reducible SL instabilities with no chondral damage were enrolled. They all underwent dorsal SL ligament reconstruction with the exam same technique. <b>Results</b>  At the last follow-up, patients' mean preoperative SL gap improved from 4.7 (range 4-6) to 2.1 (range 2-3), as did SLA from 84 degrees (range 67-101 degrees) to 66 degrees (range 49-72 degrees)( <i>p</i> <0.001 for both). Preoperative mean VAS (visual analog score), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Mayo wrist scores and SF-36 scores showed significant improvements in the last follow-up visit ( <i>p</i> <0.001, for all). No major complications were acquired in either of the patients. <b>Conclusion</b>  Dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by using free PL tendon graft was detected to provide successful restoration of the normal carpal alignment together with SL joint stability. This procedure, by significantly reducing pain and improving grip strength was detected to yield significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes, together with high patient satisfaction indicated by improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores. <b>Level of Evidence</b>  IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 4","pages":"345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Survey to Measure Patients' Expectations of Wrist Arthritis Surgery.","authors":"Aviva L Wolff, Carol A Mancuso, Steve K Lee, Scott W Wolfe","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759524","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1759524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The purpose of this study was to develop and test a patient-derived expectations survey for wrist arthritis surgery. We hypothesized that preoperative patient expectations are higher in people with greater functional impairment and that postoperative fulfilment of patient expectations correlates with functional improvement. <b>Methods</b>  The study was conducted in four phases. <i>Development (n = 22)</i> Preoperatively, patients were asked open-ended questions regarding expectations of surgery. A draft survey was then assembled. <i>Reliability (n = 35)</i> The survey was administered twice preoperatively. Concordance was measured with weighted kappa values and intraclass correlations (ICC). <i>Validity (n = 58)</i> Validity was assessed by comparing responses from the Expectations Survey to the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE). <i>Responsiveness (n = 18)</i> Responsiveness was calculated by comparing the proportion of expectations fulfilled to PRWE scores 1-year postoperatively. <b>Results</b>   <i>Development</i> Twenty-two distinct items representing the most frequent responses were utilized from the draft survey items of 1,244 expectations volunteered. <i>Reliability</i> Patients had high preoperative expectations of surgery (mean = 76.8); 30% had scores ≥90. Test-retest reliability was high (Cronbach <i>α</i> coefficients = 0.91, 0.93, ICC = 0.86). Endorsement of items = 66 to 100%; and weighted kappa values = 0.39 to 0.96. <i>Validity</i> Patients with greater preoperative expectations (≥63) had more pain, worse function, and worse PRWE scores than those with lower expectations. <i>Responsiveness</i> The proportion of fulfilled expectations was high (mean 0.80, median 0.79), and greater fulfillment (proportion > 0.80, <i>n</i>  = 8) was associated with better postoperative PRWE scores. <b>Conclusion</b>  The patient-derived expectations survey is reliable, valid, responsive, and addresses a spectrum of expectations for patients undergoing surgery for wrist arthritis. Clinical relevance Understanding patient expectations can contribute to customized care given the range of surgical choices for the arthritic wrist.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"12 4","pages":"337-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoring Systems in the Wrist, Forearm, and Elbow Field.","authors":"Toshiyasu Nakamura","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758762","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1758762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"11 6","pages":"473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9731738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal Trapezoidectomy and Scaphotrapezoid Joint Tendon Interposition at the Time of Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition for Pan Trapezial Osteoarthritis Does Not Increase Proximal Carpal Row Malalignment.","authors":"Mark Ross,&nbsp;David Gilpin,&nbsp;Christopher James,&nbsp;Susan E Peters,&nbsp;Richard Benson,&nbsp;Greg Couzens,&nbsp;Bradley Gilpin,&nbsp;Matthew W T Curran","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Surgical options for osteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal include excision, replacement arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. However, in pan trapezial OA, optimal management of residual scaphotrapezoidal articulation has remained unclear. <b>Purpose</b>  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removing the proximal trapezoid from the scaphotrapezoid joint (STJ) and interposing tendon when performing a ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for pan trapezial arthritis resulted in any clinical or radiographic compromise compared with LRTI alone in isolated carpometacarpal joint arthritis. <b>Methods</b>  In a prospective consecutive cohort, 122 thumbs were selected to generate two matched cohorts and a cross-sectional review was completed at an average of 24 months (range: 5-203 months). Fifty-six thumbs had LRTI alone and 66 thumbs also had resection of the proximal portion of the trapezoid with tendon interposition in the residual gap. <b>Results</b>  The cohorts showed no significant differences in subjective and objective outcome measures and imaging. Excision of the STJ was not associated with poorer clinical outcomes or the development of a dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity. <b>Conclusions</b>  The management of pan trapezial arthritis with LRTI and proximal trapezoid excision and STJ interposition appears satisfactory on short- to medium-term clinical and radiographic follow-up. <b>Level of Evidence:</b>  This is a Level III, consecutive cross-sectional cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":46757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wrist Surgery","volume":"11 6","pages":"521-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9731733/pdf/10-1055-s-0042-1744384.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}