Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology最新文献_第5页

Tuberculosis in medieval Iceland: evidence from Hofstaðir, Keldudalur and Skeljastaðir. 中世纪冰岛的结核病:来自hofsta æ ir, Keldudalur和skeljasta æ ir的证据。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1098

Cecilia R Collins

{"title":"Tuberculosis in medieval Iceland: evidence from Hofstaðir, Keldudalur and Skeljastaðir.","authors":"Cecilia R Collins","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1098","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a larger research project, 274 skeletons from three medieval Icelandic sites were evaluated for signs of infectious disease and 32 were found to have lesions at least consistent with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB): eight non-adults ranging in age from infancy to up to 17 years of age, and 24 adults. A higher proportion of individuals from Skeljastaðir and Keldudalur were affected than at Hofstaðir, an observation which may be compatible with Hofstaðir's higher status. A higher number of male skeletons overall (n. 17) than female skeletons (n. 8) exhibited pathological change. The sample is unique for its high numbers of well-preserved infants, and the appearance of TB in children is indicative of continual transmission in a community. The changes recorded in infant remains are marked by destruction and minimal periosteal new bone formation, while one adult skeleton exhibits the classic sign of Pott's disease. Other signs on the skeletons include evidence for past lymphadenitis and iliopsoas (cold) abscess. These cases indicate that TB was likely introduced to Iceland soon after the settlement period and became endemic in different regions from at least the late 10th - mid 13th centuries.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"299-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38567366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Using spinal activity-related osseous change in order to explore patterns of occupational stress in a Greek Contemporary Skeletal Collection. 利用脊柱活动相关的骨骼变化，以探索希腊当代骨骼收藏中的职业压力模式。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1238

Dimitra E Michael, Sotiris K Manolis

{"title":"Using spinal activity-related osseous change in order to explore patterns of occupational stress in a Greek Contemporary Skeletal Collection.","authors":"Dimitra E Michael, Sotiris K Manolis","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1238","url":null,"abstract":"Even though the relationship between occupational stress and entheseal changes has been extensively examined in modern skeletal series, less attention has been given in examining degenerative and plastic osseous change along the spine in relation to different professions. This paper attempts this investigation and is the first that explores the level of physical activity in female housekeepers of The Athens Collection. A sample of 65 adult skeletons up to 50 years old and 1653 vertebrae are examined for Degenerative Joint Diseases (including Schmorl's nodes) and spinal facet remodeling. The above sample is divided in three occupational groups: male laborers, male non-laborers and female housekeepers, based on biomechanical and socio-cultural criteria. Males in the labor group present the highest percentage in Schmorl's nodes (13.1%) and osteophytes, whilst housekeepers exhibit the highest rate in spinal facet remodeling (45.8%). As expected, male laborers actually do present a more intense physical activity than those of the non-labor one, while this study confirmed that housekeepers do comprise a physically stressed occupational group. Spinal facet remodeling and Schmorl's nodes seem to be the least affected indicators by the factor of age, and thus are cautiously proposed as markers of physical activity in modern reference collections. Our study supports the significance of examining the current markers and especially spinal facet remodeling, in a modern skeletal collection with documented occupations and hopes to encourage more researchers to further explore the potential merit of exploring occupational stress through spinal plastic and degenerative change in identified skeletal collections.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38087041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibro-osseous processes (FOPs) of the craniofacial skeleton: A neglected entity in paleopathology? 颅面骨骼的纤维骨突(FOPs):古病理学中被忽视的实体?

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1277

Julia Gresky

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and association with dental arch shape in a multi-ethnic cohort. 多民族人群腭裂的患病率及其与牙弓形状的关系。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1316

Ahmed M El Sergani, Joel Anderton, Stephanie Brandebura, Monica Obniski, Monica T Ginart, Carmencita Padilla, Azeez Butali, Wasiu L Adeyemo, Ross E Long, Lina M Moreno, Mary L Marazita, Seth M Weinberg

{"title":"Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and association with dental arch shape in a multi-ethnic cohort.","authors":"Ahmed M El Sergani, Joel Anderton, Stephanie Brandebura, Monica Obniski, Monica T Ginart, Carmencita Padilla, Azeez Butali, Wasiu L Adeyemo, Ross E Long, Lina M Moreno, Mary L Marazita, Seth M Weinberg","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1316","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Torus Palatinus (TP) is a bony projection located on the oral surface of the hard palate. The trait is typically benign, has an unknown etiology, and varies widely in phenotypic expression. Prior studies suggest differences in TP prevalence by sex and ancestry, but the reported rates vary, even within a single ancestral group. We assessed the prevalence of TP and its association with palatal shape in a large multi-ethnic cohort of normal individuals. Methodology: 1102 adults were included (625 with European ancestry, 377 with West African anscestry, and 100 with East Asian ancestry). 3D digital dental casts were obtained and rated. TP frequencies were compared between sexes and/or ethnicities using Chi-squared tests. Dental cast models were then landmarked, and canonical variates analysis was performed to test for shape differences between those with and without TP. Results: Females had a significantly higher rate of TP than males across all three ancestral groups (p≤0.004). In males, no significant differences were found among ethnicities. Ancestral differences in TP frequency were driven by females, with East Asians having the highest rate (34.69%), followed by Europeans (24.88%) and West Africans (15.22%). Shape differences were found only in Asians and Africans, indicated a shorter and wider palate in presence of TP. Conclusions: Ethnic differences in TP frequency were present only in females. Further, females have considerably higher rates of TP than males in each population tested. Further studies of TP at earlier time-points and in connection to other aspects of craniofacial growth may shed light on these sex and ethnic differences.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7674192/pdf/nihms-1624139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38564709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Sexual dimorphism of the maxillary postcanine dentition: A geometric morphometric analysis. 上颌后犬齿的两性二态性:几何形态计量学分析。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1170

Sandra López-Lázaro, Inmaculada Alemán, Joan Viciano, Javier Irurita, Miguel C Botella

引用次数: 1

Craniofacial and mandibular variation in colonial populations of the southern Andes during the 16^th to 19^th centuries. 16至19世纪南安第斯山脉殖民地人口颅面和下颌的变异。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1218

Lumila P Menéndez, Daniela A Mansegosa, Pablo Sebastián Giannotti

{"title":"Craniofacial and mandibular variation in colonial populations of the southern Andes during the 16th to 19th centuries.","authors":"Lumila P Menéndez, Daniela A Mansegosa, Pablo Sebastián Giannotti","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1218","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the morphological variation of human populations that inhabited the southern Andes (Mendoza city, Argentina) during 16th to 19th centuries. That period represents an encounter of several distinctive populations inhabiting the same area: Europeans, descendants from Europeans (criollos), Africans, and Native Americans. In this paper, we study the shape changes of the cranial base, cranial vault, facial skeleton, and mandible to evaluate if the craniofacial variation differs in relation to the colonial periods and burial areas. For this, we analyzed 44 skulls from four colonial temples of the Foundational Area of Mendoza, and 36 prehistoric ones as a comparative sample. A total of 84 3D anatomical landmarks were registered with a Microscribe G2X. First, we explored the morphological changes by chronological period through a Principal Component Analysis, and then we calculated Mahalanobis distances among the individuals from different chronological periods. Second, we evaluated the morphological variation of the colonial subsample according to chronological period, archaeological site, and burial area. For this, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis and a MANOVA. We represent the morphological changes by Wireframes that show the main variation along PC1 and PC2. The results obtained showed morphological differences in the cranial base and facial skeleton of the individuals from different chronological periods, while the cranial base and mandible vary when comparing individuals from different burial areas. We conclude that the colonial society was highly diverse in terms of biological and cultural variation, and that there were differential dietary patterns among them.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38660635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sacral spina bifida occulta rare occurrence in Byzantine Belentepe population in Muğla, Turkey: A possible case for adequate folic acid intake. 隐性骶骨脊柱裂罕见发生在Muğla，土耳其的拜占庭贝伦特佩人:叶酸摄入充足的可能病例。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1233

Hakan Mutlu, Başak Kızgut, Çilem Sönmez Sözer, Kaan Ürker, Olcay Açar, Ayla Sevim Erol

{"title":"Sacral spina bifida occulta rare occurrence in Byzantine Belentepe population in Muğla, Turkey: A possible case for adequate folic acid intake.","authors":"Hakan Mutlu, Başak Kızgut, Çilem Sönmez Sözer, Kaan Ürker, Olcay Açar, Ayla Sevim Erol","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1233","url":null,"abstract":"Spina bifida may occur during the first weeks after conception; folic acid deficiency is strongly related to this anomaly. We argue that the low prevalence rate of spina bifida may indicate a relatively good nutrition state of a population, given that folic acid is found in many food products commonly eaten. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between folic acid intake and spina bifida occulta prevalence in the Belentepe Byzantine population in Anatolian peninsula, and to compare the prevalence rates with various other ancient Anatolian populations by focusing on sacral spina bifida occulta in the Byzantine population. A total of 62 available human sacra were included in the study and compared with other sacra from relevant research using chi-squared test. Four male individuals had sacral spina bifida occulta with a prevalence rate of 6.45%, which is found to be lower in comparison to other ancient populations from western to eastern Anatolia. The present-day ecology of Belentepe indicates that foods rich with folic acid are common in and around the region. While some studies indicate the contrary, a comparison regarding the sacral spina bifida occulta prevalence with other populations in Anatolia shows a correlation between folic acid intake and proximity to a Mediterranean climate.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 3","pages":"175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37729790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Biological history of an Italian prehistoric community and the population of the central Italy during the 1^st millennium BCE. 意大利史前社区的生物历史和意大利中部在公元前1千年的人口。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1247

Mauro Rubini, Nunzia Libianchi, Alessandro Gozzi, Vittorio Cerroni, N Cassieri, B Minniti, Paola Zaio

{"title":"Biological history of an Italian prehistoric community and the population of the central Italy during the 1st millennium BCE.","authors":"Mauro Rubini, Nunzia Libianchi, Alessandro Gozzi, Vittorio Cerroni, N Cassieri, B Minniti, Paola Zaio","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1247","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the population of Central Italy during the 1st millennium BCE is a crucial topic in the biological history of the Mediterranean basin. This period saw the emergence of the Etruscan and Roman cultures which had a significant impact on the bio-cultural history of the region. In this study, we analyse a prehistoric population from Caracupa (Iron Age, Latium, Central Italy). The results suggest an overall good level of health for the population. Despite this, some musculoskeletal changes related to biomechanical stressors were observed, probably as the result of strenuous physical activity. The results of a Simple Matching analysis of intragroup distance distributions suggest potential model of kinship structures and lineages. This may be due to the relative geographic isolation of the Caracupa population. Furthermore, in order to investigate the wider population of Central Italy during the 1st millennium BCE, we have constructed a population pattern using genetic and phenotypic skeletal and dental traits. The comparison between Central Italy and more isolated populations indicated a divergence between the Western and Eastern sides of Central Italy. However, we do not exclude a probable common genetic substratum for all Central Italian populations during the 1st millennium BCE.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 3","pages":"219-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38071374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphometric variation of the frontal bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample. 一具南非成年尸体标本额骨的形态计量学变异。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1120

Petra Maass, Louise J Friedling

{"title":"Morphometric variation of the frontal bone in an adult South African cadaveric sample.","authors":"Petra Maass, Louise J Friedling","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1120","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in geometric morphometrics enabled reassessment of features of the cranium in a more robust, objective and quantitative manner. Previous studies show that morphological variation of not only the cranium as a whole, but also parts thereof are useful in differentiating between sex and population groups. The present study used geometric morphometrics to assess variation of frontal bone morphology and its use in estimation of sex and ancestry. Frontal bones of 777 Black, Coloured and White South African adults were digitized and superimposed through Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Centroid sizes and morphological variation between groups were assessed. Accuracy of distinction between groups was assessed using Discriminant Function Analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. Male frontal bones were more robust and sloped, compared to more gracile, rounded frontal profiles of females, resulting in classification accuracy of 79.3%. Morphological variation related to ancestry was found in the slope and width of the frontal bones, allowing distinction of the groups with 85.9% accuracy, even when including the heterogeneous Coloured group. When assessed according to sex and ancestry combined, 83.3% accuracy was achieved with the six sex-ancestry groups. These results show that variation in frontal bone morphology is sufficient to allow accurate distinction between these closely related groups, with accuracies compatible or exceeding those obtained when using the entire cranium of the same sample. Future studies may be able to investigate similar use of morphological variation of other cranial bones for estimation of sex and/or ancestry for use when the cranium is damaged or fragmented.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 3","pages":"205-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38071373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Minor sternum and vertebral column congenital defects in Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection. 里斯本鉴定的骨骼标本中轻微胸骨和脊柱先天性缺陷。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1152

Alexandra Amoroso

{"title":"Minor sternum and vertebral column congenital defects in Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection.","authors":"Alexandra Amoroso","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1152","url":null,"abstract":"This study has mainly a descriptive aim, in which crude prevalence of minor skeletal congenital defects is calculated and sex differences are tested. Prevalence is compared with other studies to recognize regional patterns. Association with age-at-death and year-of-birth is tested to identify impact of environmental stress on minor congenital defects presence. Testing association between defects will identify defects with a probable identical etiology. Chi-square was used to identify sex differences, between studies differences, and to test relationships between defects and Spearman correlation to verify correlation intensity. T-test was used to test age-at-death and year-of-birth differences in defects prevalence. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence of minor skeletal defects for sex and age-at-death. There were statistically significant differences in year-of-birth for sternal aperture and pectus excavatum (crude prevalence was higher for those who were born earlier). There was a statistical significant association between pectus excavatum and manubrium mesosternal joint and atlas posterior/lateral bridging and notochord defects. For most defects, this study has lower prevalence than other studies. From 18 minor axial skeletal congenital defects analyzed, prevalence ranges from absent to 26.3 (notochord defects). Pectus excavatum and manubrium mesosternal joint might have a similar etiology as well as atlas posterior/lateral bridging and notochord defects. This study has lower prevalence, for almost all defects, than other studies. None of the minor congenital defects tested might, at this time, be considered useful stress markers.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 3","pages":"161-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37729791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0