Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology最新文献_第5页

Sex determination through the evaluation of sella turcica measurements using head CT scan. 性别确定通过评估蝶鞍测量使用头部CT扫描。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2021/1341

Antonio De Donno, Roberto Maselli, Federica Mele, Carmelinda Angrisani, Monica Cozzolino, Pasquale Pedote, Francesco Introna, Valeria Santoro

{"title":"Sex determination through the evaluation of sella turcica measurements using head CT scan.","authors":"Antonio De Donno, Roberto Maselli, Federica Mele, Carmelinda Angrisani, Monica Cozzolino, Pasquale Pedote, Francesco Introna, Valeria Santoro","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1341","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of age and sex is mandatory in forensic identification of unknown skeletal remains and it could be reached analyzing different bones' features. The morphometric evaluation of Sella turcica is less described in literature. Many studies have been published in this field for age estimation but none of them based on head CT scan measurement. Previous studies were carried out for age estimation on different populations, but any study has been carried out on the Italian population. Furthermore, no studies were carried out with CT scan technology for the correlation between sex and Sella turcica. Thanks to CT scan technology it has been possible to measure sella turcica's dimensions in an easier way than previous methods, to detect more accurate parameters and even introduce a new one. In this study, the sample was composed of 115 adults, 53 males, and 62 females. Five different measurements of the sellae turcicae were taken. The purpose of this study was to find new elements for sex assessment with the evaluation of sella turcica measurements, improving previous studies, analyzing an Italian European sample. In this study, results of the statistical analysis showed correlation between sex and sella turcica's parameter \"Length of Sella Turcica\" for which grater values are related to male gender. In conclusion, the Authors consider this unexpected result useful for sex determination in association with other parameters.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25396284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Examining the frequency of crenulated premolars and their association with crenulated molars. 检查有圆齿的前磨牙的频率及其与有圆齿磨牙的关系。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2021/1228

Christopher Maier, G Richard Scott

{"title":"Examining the frequency of crenulated premolars and their association with crenulated molars.","authors":"Christopher Maier, G Richard Scott","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1228","url":null,"abstract":"Crenulated occlusal surfaces have previously been described on maxillary and mandibular molars; however, the occurrence of crenulations on premolars is only anecdotally supported. This study applies a modified version of a recordation scale developed for molar crenulations to record the frequency of crenulated premolars on the maxillary and mandibular premolars of modern individuals from a variety of populations: African, African American, Asian, Australian, European American, Latino, and Malay (n = 1238). Crenulations on the molars of the same individuals were also recorded to assess the relationship between occurrences on premolars and molars. Observations were compiled into frequency tables and analyzed using chi-square tests and correspondence analysis; relationships among teeth were quantified with polychoric correlation coefficients. Although crenulated premolars are observed rarely overall, the frequency of occurrence is significantly associated with group membership. Crenulated premolars occur most frequently in African, African American, and Australian samples and are observed least often among European American and Malay samples. Additionally, there is a strong relationship between third and fourth premolars, particularly within a jaw, and between fourth premolars and the molars in the same jaw. Interestingly, crenulations in premolars are most strongly associated with Grade 2 crenulations on molars. The observed differences between populations, and the associations between crenulated premolars and molars are evaluated with respect to function, tooth size, and dental development. Based on the results presented here, we recommend the addition of premolar crenulations to existing dental morphological traits used to study human population variation.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25368920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of sex based on the sterna of Sudanese adults using multidetector computed tomography: a comparison of discriminant function analysis and binary logistic regression. 使用多检测器计算机断层扫描对苏丹成年人胸骨的性别估计:判别函数分析和二元逻辑回归的比较。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2021/1358

Altayeb Abdalla Ahmed, Alaa Osman Koko, Mustafa Elnour Bahar

{"title":"Estimation of sex based on the sterna of Sudanese adults using multidetector computed tomography: a comparison of discriminant function analysis and binary logistic regression.","authors":"Altayeb Abdalla Ahmed, Alaa Osman Koko, Mustafa Elnour Bahar","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1358","url":null,"abstract":"Sex estimation is critical during forensic and anthropological investigations, and various techniques are used based on the presence of complete or fragmented human remains. This study evaluated sexual dimorphism in Sudanese sterna using multidetector computed tomography. This information was used to develop models for estimating sex, and to compare the accuracies of models based on discriminant function analysis (DFA) and binary logistic regression (BLR). The study included 126 Sudanese men and 144 Sudanese women who underwent computed tomography scans to create three-dimensional reconstructions. Six linear dimensions were measured on the manubrium and mesosternum. Men had larger mean values for most parameters, and nine parameters exhibited highly significant sexual dimorphism. The leave-one-out cross-validated sex estimation accuracies were 60.4-88.9% for DFA-based models and 60.4-89.3% for BLR-based models. The BLR-based models had noticeably better performances, with six parameters having sex estimation accuracies of >80% (vs. three parameters for DFA). The best BLR-based models incorporated the lengths and widths of the manubrium and mesosternum (accuracy: 89.3%, sex bias: 2.2%) and the combined manubrium and mesosternum lengths (accuracy: 85.6%, sex bias: 2.7%). Thus, computed tomography may be useful for measuring sternal dimensions and estimating sex among Sudanese subjects.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25368922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bioarchaeology-related studies in the Arabian Gulf: potentialities and shortcomings. 阿拉伯湾生物考古相关研究:潜力与不足。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2021/1282

Marica Baldoni, Muna Al-Hashmi, Alice Enrica Bianchi, Ferhan Sakal, Faisal Al-Naimi, Thomas Leisten, Cristina Martínez-Labarga, Sara Tomei

{"title":"Bioarchaeology-related studies in the Arabian Gulf: potentialities and shortcomings.","authors":"Marica Baldoni, Muna Al-Hashmi, Alice Enrica Bianchi, Ferhan Sakal, Faisal Al-Naimi, Thomas Leisten, Cristina Martínez-Labarga, Sara Tomei","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1282","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological studies provide a powerful tool to understand the prehistoric societies, especially when combined to cutting-edge morphological and molecular anthropological analyses, allowing reconstructing past population dynamics, admixture events, and socio-cultural changes. Despite the advances achieved in the last decades by archaeological studies worldwide, several regions of the World have been spared from this scientific improvement due to various reasons. The Arabian Gulf represents a unique ground to investigate, being the passageway for human migrations and one of the hypothesized areas in which Neanderthal introgression occurred. A number of archaeological sites are currently present in the Arabian Gulf and have witnessed the antiquity and the intensiveness of the human settlements in the region. Nevertheless, the archaeological and anthropological investigation in the Gulf is still in its infancy. Data collected through archaeological studies in the area have the potential to help answering adamant questions of human history from the beginning of the structuring of genetic diversity in human species to the Neolithisation process. This review aims at providing an overview of the archaeological studies in the Arabian Gulf with special focus to Qatar, highlighting potentialities and shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 1","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25396286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis in medieval Iceland: evidence from Hofstaðir, Keldudalur and Skeljastaðir. 中世纪冰岛的结核病:来自hofsta æ ir, Keldudalur和skeljasta æ ir的证据。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1098

Cecilia R Collins

{"title":"Tuberculosis in medieval Iceland: evidence from Hofstaðir, Keldudalur and Skeljastaðir.","authors":"Cecilia R Collins","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1098","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a larger research project, 274 skeletons from three medieval Icelandic sites were evaluated for signs of infectious disease and 32 were found to have lesions at least consistent with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB): eight non-adults ranging in age from infancy to up to 17 years of age, and 24 adults. A higher proportion of individuals from Skeljastaðir and Keldudalur were affected than at Hofstaðir, an observation which may be compatible with Hofstaðir's higher status. A higher number of male skeletons overall (n. 17) than female skeletons (n. 8) exhibited pathological change. The sample is unique for its high numbers of well-preserved infants, and the appearance of TB in children is indicative of continual transmission in a community. The changes recorded in infant remains are marked by destruction and minimal periosteal new bone formation, while one adult skeleton exhibits the classic sign of Pott's disease. Other signs on the skeletons include evidence for past lymphadenitis and iliopsoas (cold) abscess. These cases indicate that TB was likely introduced to Iceland soon after the settlement period and became endemic in different regions from at least the late 10th - mid 13th centuries.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"299-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38567366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Using spinal activity-related osseous change in order to explore patterns of occupational stress in a Greek Contemporary Skeletal Collection. 利用脊柱活动相关的骨骼变化，以探索希腊当代骨骼收藏中的职业压力模式。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1238

Dimitra E Michael, Sotiris K Manolis

{"title":"Using spinal activity-related osseous change in order to explore patterns of occupational stress in a Greek Contemporary Skeletal Collection.","authors":"Dimitra E Michael, Sotiris K Manolis","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1238","url":null,"abstract":"Even though the relationship between occupational stress and entheseal changes has been extensively examined in modern skeletal series, less attention has been given in examining degenerative and plastic osseous change along the spine in relation to different professions. This paper attempts this investigation and is the first that explores the level of physical activity in female housekeepers of The Athens Collection. A sample of 65 adult skeletons up to 50 years old and 1653 vertebrae are examined for Degenerative Joint Diseases (including Schmorl's nodes) and spinal facet remodeling. The above sample is divided in three occupational groups: male laborers, male non-laborers and female housekeepers, based on biomechanical and socio-cultural criteria. Males in the labor group present the highest percentage in Schmorl's nodes (13.1%) and osteophytes, whilst housekeepers exhibit the highest rate in spinal facet remodeling (45.8%). As expected, male laborers actually do present a more intense physical activity than those of the non-labor one, while this study confirmed that housekeepers do comprise a physically stressed occupational group. Spinal facet remodeling and Schmorl's nodes seem to be the least affected indicators by the factor of age, and thus are cautiously proposed as markers of physical activity in modern reference collections. Our study supports the significance of examining the current markers and especially spinal facet remodeling, in a modern skeletal collection with documented occupations and hopes to encourage more researchers to further explore the potential merit of exploring occupational stress through spinal plastic and degenerative change in identified skeletal collections.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38087041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibro-osseous processes (FOPs) of the craniofacial skeleton: A neglected entity in paleopathology? 颅面骨骼的纤维骨突(FOPs):古病理学中被忽视的实体?

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1277

Julia Gresky

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and association with dental arch shape in a multi-ethnic cohort. 多民族人群腭裂的患病率及其与牙弓形状的关系。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1316

Ahmed M El Sergani, Joel Anderton, Stephanie Brandebura, Monica Obniski, Monica T Ginart, Carmencita Padilla, Azeez Butali, Wasiu L Adeyemo, Ross E Long, Lina M Moreno, Mary L Marazita, Seth M Weinberg

{"title":"Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and association with dental arch shape in a multi-ethnic cohort.","authors":"Ahmed M El Sergani, Joel Anderton, Stephanie Brandebura, Monica Obniski, Monica T Ginart, Carmencita Padilla, Azeez Butali, Wasiu L Adeyemo, Ross E Long, Lina M Moreno, Mary L Marazita, Seth M Weinberg","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1316","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Torus Palatinus (TP) is a bony projection located on the oral surface of the hard palate. The trait is typically benign, has an unknown etiology, and varies widely in phenotypic expression. Prior studies suggest differences in TP prevalence by sex and ancestry, but the reported rates vary, even within a single ancestral group. We assessed the prevalence of TP and its association with palatal shape in a large multi-ethnic cohort of normal individuals. Methodology: 1102 adults were included (625 with European ancestry, 377 with West African anscestry, and 100 with East Asian ancestry). 3D digital dental casts were obtained and rated. TP frequencies were compared between sexes and/or ethnicities using Chi-squared tests. Dental cast models were then landmarked, and canonical variates analysis was performed to test for shape differences between those with and without TP. Results: Females had a significantly higher rate of TP than males across all three ancestral groups (p≤0.004). In males, no significant differences were found among ethnicities. Ancestral differences in TP frequency were driven by females, with East Asians having the highest rate (34.69%), followed by Europeans (24.88%) and West Africans (15.22%). Shape differences were found only in Asians and Africans, indicated a shorter and wider palate in presence of TP. Conclusions: Ethnic differences in TP frequency were present only in females. Further, females have considerably higher rates of TP than males in each population tested. Further studies of TP at earlier time-points and in connection to other aspects of craniofacial growth may shed light on these sex and ethnic differences.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7674192/pdf/nihms-1624139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38564709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Sexual dimorphism of the maxillary postcanine dentition: A geometric morphometric analysis. 上颌后犬齿的两性二态性:几何形态计量学分析。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1170

Sandra López-Lázaro, Inmaculada Alemán, Joan Viciano, Javier Irurita, Miguel C Botella

引用次数: 1

Craniofacial and mandibular variation in colonial populations of the southern Andes during the 16^th to 19^th centuries. 16至19世纪南安第斯山脉殖民地人口颅面和下颌的变异。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1218

Lumila P Menéndez, Daniela A Mansegosa, Pablo Sebastián Giannotti

{"title":"Craniofacial and mandibular variation in colonial populations of the southern Andes during the 16th to 19th centuries.","authors":"Lumila P Menéndez, Daniela A Mansegosa, Pablo Sebastián Giannotti","doi":"10.1127/homo/2020/1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1218","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the morphological variation of human populations that inhabited the southern Andes (Mendoza city, Argentina) during 16th to 19th centuries. That period represents an encounter of several distinctive populations inhabiting the same area: Europeans, descendants from Europeans (criollos), Africans, and Native Americans. In this paper, we study the shape changes of the cranial base, cranial vault, facial skeleton, and mandible to evaluate if the craniofacial variation differs in relation to the colonial periods and burial areas. For this, we analyzed 44 skulls from four colonial temples of the Foundational Area of Mendoza, and 36 prehistoric ones as a comparative sample. A total of 84 3D anatomical landmarks were registered with a Microscribe G2X. First, we explored the morphological changes by chronological period through a Principal Component Analysis, and then we calculated Mahalanobis distances among the individuals from different chronological periods. Second, we evaluated the morphological variation of the colonial subsample according to chronological period, archaeological site, and burial area. For this, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis and a MANOVA. We represent the morphological changes by Wireframes that show the main variation along PC1 and PC2. The results obtained showed morphological differences in the cranial base and facial skeleton of the individuals from different chronological periods, while the cranial base and mandible vary when comparing individuals from different burial areas. We conclude that the colonial society was highly diverse in terms of biological and cultural variation, and that there were differential dietary patterns among them.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 4","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38660635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0