Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Metastatic carcinoma in human remains from TT110, Luxor, Egypt (ancient Thebes).","authors":"Afaf Wahba,&nbsp;Jesús Herrerín,&nbsp;Miguel Sánchez","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commingled human remains were discovered in TT110 (Djehuty tomb; Dynasty XVIII), located in El Sheikh Abd el Qurna, Luxor, Egypt. The tomb had been reused over a long period of time (1570-332 BCE). In a small area distinct from the comingled remains, an incomplete skull and two <i>os coxae</i> fragments, consistent with that of a young adult female, between 25 and 40 years of age were found. A detailed macroscopic and radiologic analysis was performed at the tomb site. The three bone fragments showed abundant small to medium sized osteolytic lesions compatible with a diagnosis of late stage metastatic carcinoma or, less likely, multiple myeloma. The age and sex of the individual favors the possibility of breast cancer as the primary making this one of the oldest cases of metastases reported from ancient Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 4","pages":"307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferences on mobility and subsistence patterns from degenerative joint disease and entheseal changes. Trends in the farmer/forager border (Central-Western Argentina).","authors":"Eva Ailén Peralta,&nbsp;Leandro H Luna,&nbsp;Adolfo F Gil","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tests the hypothesis that the incorporation of cultigens about ca. 2000 years BP substantially changed hunter-gatherer subsistence and mobility in the Atuel River valley (Central-Western Argentina), where the frontier of pre-Hispanic domesticated resource dispersion was defined. Degenerative joint disease and entheseal change markers were analyzed on skeletal remains from Cañada Seca-1, a burial archaeological site with commingled skeletal remains dated about <i>ca</i>. 1500 years BP (MNI = 24). The results show lower mobility in comparison with hunter-gatherer remains from the neighboring Pampa region and quite different manual activities compared to low-level producers. These trends are explained as a result of a mixed subsistence strategy and mobility in an area where the incorporation of domesticated plants was neither a linear nor a fast process, and a stereotypical view proves to be insufficient to understand it. Although further information is required for future discussions, the present research highlights the potential of commingled skeletal remains for this kind of study.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 4","pages":"327-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39724036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Friedrich W Rösing,&nbsp;Frank J Rühli,&nbsp;Albert Zink,&nbsp;Andreas Nägele","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1599","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 4","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39756824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-at-death standards for Mesoamerican Prehispanic and colonial infant, child, and juvenile skeletons.","authors":"Allan Ortega-Muñoz,&nbsp;Lourdes Márquez Morfín","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop age-at-death standards for Valley of Mexico skeletal collections. Using 159 individuals, with a dental age-at-death between 0 to 15 years, we develop linear and quadratic inverse regression models of age-at-death estimation between dental age and the diaphyseal length of the six long bones. A blind test for both regressions was performed, also a regression developed for a Maya group was carried out. We also compared skeletal growth of our sample by applying regressions developed for Maya and North American populations to assess the magnitude of the differences among ethnically unrelated populations. Our regressions yielded a close correlation between the diaphyseal length and dental age, especially femur and radius. It is noticeable that the disparities between younger and older age categories, the latter presenting larger standard deviations. Quadratic regression fitted better than linear and Maya regressions, and the differences of age-at-death distributions are significant. The skeletal growth curve of the Valley of Mexico is statistically different from other Native American groups. We conclude that for the present standards, despite the high degree of variance, the quadratic regression is a better applicable age estimator, when it is applied to biologically close populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 4","pages":"263-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39211502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric data and the size factor: examining the problem using the pelvis.","authors":"Hillary DelPrete","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphometric data is inherently linked to size; however, there is no consensus for how to account for this. Some researchers adjust for size, whereas others do not, which can affect the results of a study. This study examines this problem using sexual dimorphism of the pelvis. Twenty-two pelvic measures were collected from 119 individuals from the Hamann-Todd Collection. Measures included dimensions of the false pelvis and the pelvic canal. After all the data was collected, it was compiled into 3 data sets; the first set included unadjusted data, the second set was adjusted for body size, and the third set was adjusted for pelvic size. After all adjustments, independent sample t-tests were run on each data set, to determine which measures appeared dimorphic. In each case, the measures that appeared to be sexually dimorphic differed. According to the t-test for the unadjusted data, four of the 22 measures were not dimorphic: anterior spaces of the midplane and the outlet, sacral breadth, and length of the superior pubic ramus. Using the data adjusted for body size, all pelvic measures were dimorphic. Lastly, using the data adjusted for pelvic size, five measures were not dimorphic: anterior space and transverse diameter of the inlet, inter-acetabular distance, length of the superior pubic ramus, and circumference of the inlet. These conflicting results demonstrate the intricate nature of correcting for size and the challenge comparing results across studies. Overall pelvic-size dimorphism and body-size dimorphism must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 4","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39912803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body fat percentage estimation in children - searching for the most accurate equation.","authors":"Łukasz Kryst,&nbsp;Magdalena Żegleń,&nbsp;Małgorzata Kowal,&nbsp;Agnieszka Woronkowicz","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and aims:</i> Analysis of body composition is a very important issue, and it is often used as one of the crucial markers of overall health. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the percentage of body fat ratio estimated using selected equations and adiposity obtained by bioimpedance in 7-16-year-olds from Kraków (Poland). <i>Methods and results:</i> The study included 1887 children and adolescents. Body weight and height were measured according to standard methods and Body Mass Index was calculated on the basis of those measurements. Biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfolds were measured. Adiposity was obtained using the BIA method as well as estimated by Siri, Goran, Slaughter, Deurenberg, Huang, Dezenberg, Ripka and Brożek equations. Relationship between results obtained from the equations and bioimpedance was assessed using Deming regression. All calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel and MedCalc. Statistically significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) relationship between adiposity obtained by bioimpedance and estimated was observed for all of the analysed equations. For girls, the strongest one was noted for Siri equation, with R = 0.83 (95%CI: 0.81-0.85). Among boys, the strongest relationship was observed for 3-skinfolds based equation developed by Ripka, with the Pearson's correlation coefficient value of 0.84 (95%CI: 0.81-0.85). <i>Conclusions:</i> The most useful equation to estimate the body fat percentage in the population of 7-16-year olds from Kraków (Poland) differed between the sexes. For boys, it was Ripka 3-skinfold equation, while for girls it was the equation developed by Siri.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 3","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39097128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the sella turcica in subjects with different vertical growth patterns - a cephalometric study.","authors":"Tatjana Perović,&nbsp;Zorica Blažej,&nbsp;Ivan Jovanović,&nbsp;Marija Cvetković","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is the comparison of the size and shape of the sella turcica in subjects with different vertical patterns in the skeletal class I in adults, as well as to determine sex differences within examined groups. Lateral cephalograms were used to examine parametars: shape of sella, angulation, length, diameter, index of the depth and cross-sectional area of the sella turcica in 155 adult Caucasian subjects (79 male and 76 female) from the central Balkan area. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the ANB angle, Wit's appraisal and SN/GoGn angle into normodivergent (angle value between 26° and 38° in 28 male, 27 female subjects), hypodivergent (angle value less than 26° in 26 male, 25 female subjects) and hyperdivergent (angle value higher than 38° in 25 male, 24 female subjects). A normal shape of the sella was established in 40% of the overall number of subjects. Significant sex differences were found for angulation angle and sella depth index (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant differences between groups were found only for sella depth (<i>p</i> < 0.02). The area of sella turcica appears to be saved from significant changes in morphology, as well as in measurable dimensions and the obtained results justify the use of sella turcica as an important landmark in different cephalometric analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 3","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39182295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of orthopedic pathological conditions and systemic diseases on the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis in Modern African- and European-Americans.","authors":"Aubrie Sanchez,&nbsp;Sean D Tallman,&nbsp;Allysha P Winburn,&nbsp;Joshua Stefanik","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among aging adults. In the U.S., many individuals living with total hip replacements attribute OA as the cause. However, the majority of anthropological OA research excludes pathological individuals (i.e., individuals with systemic disease, traumatic injuries, or orthopedic devices). Thus, little is known about how implants and pathological conditions impact OA beyond a general acceptance that they likely increase OA risk. This study adds to the skeletal research surrounding OA by directly investigating its relationship with age, disease, and implants. The proximal femora of 186 African- and European-American individuals (21-95 years old) from the Edmonds Orthopedic Pathology Collection (National Museum of Health and Medicine; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) were analyzed. The individuals were grouped into three cohorts: disease; non-disease; and previous injury/implant. Jurmain's (1990) ordinal scoring method was used to categorize OA changes as: none/slight; moderate; severe; and ankylosis. Intra-rater reliability for the scoring of OA was perfect, while inter-rater reliability was moderate. Results from Chi-square tests, exploratory data analysis, and ordinal logistic regression showed that there was a statistically significant relationship (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between degree of OA, age, recorded disease (e.g., cancer), and evidence of previous injury (i.e., healed fractures, fracture fixation devices). In contrast with the expectation that different populations exhibit different patterns of OA, no significant sex or ancestry effects were observed. These results help researchers better understand the etiology and contemporary risk factors of OA as well as identifying an additional subset of the population who may be at greater risk for developing OA - i.e., individuals with fractures, implants, and systemic disease, especially those in older age cohorts (60+ years).</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 3","pages":"183-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39097127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal changes of the human bony labyrinth morphology.","authors":"Joanna Helena Bonczarowska,&nbsp;Konstantinos Spanakis,&nbsp;Elena F Kranioti","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been suggested that the inner ear attains its final morphology already in utero and that environmental factors do not influence its size or shape after birth. Thus, direct comparison between the adult and the subadult bony labyrinths can be made. Herein, this hypothesis was tested in a sample of 170 subadult individuals. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the labyrinths were created for 170 French and Greek juveniles. Ten linear measurements of the 3D models were taken and the labyrinthine shape was evaluated by calculating 10 shape indices. All variables were subsequently analyzed in the context of postnatal development. Significant positive correlation between the chronological age and several variables was noted suggesting that age-related changes of the bony labyrinth occur in the postnatal period. Our findings contradict the simplified assumption that the bony labyrinth retains a stable morphology after birth. Further research should concentrate on evaluating postnatal changes to the temporal bone and their influence on the labyrinthine morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 3","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39182240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the position of the spine in the sagittal plane and longitudinal arching of the feet in school-age girls and boys - cross-sectional study.","authors":"Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska,&nbsp;Marta Bibro,&nbsp;Katarzyna Wódka,&nbsp;Eliza Smoła,&nbsp;Edyta Mikołajczyk","doi":"10.1127/homo/2021/1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> Discoveries concerning the role of connective tissue and myofascial chains require a change in thinking about the functioning of the human body and verification of the approach to correcting posture defects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the shape of the spine in the sagittal plane and longitudinal arching of the feet. <i>Material and methods:</i> 271 girls and 241 boys aged 10-12 years were examined. Height and body weight were measured. The BMI was calculated and the status of body weight was estimated. The depth of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis as well as the sagittal trunk inclination were assessed using the Zebris Pointer ultrasound system. Arching of the feet was determined on the basis of the Arch Index on BTS P-walk platform. Statistica v13 software was used to analyse the data. <i>Results:</i> Both sexes showed a tendency to have deeper thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. About 15% of the participants had flatfeet. Hollow and correct arching of the feet was observed with a similar frequency (38-43%). Hollow feet arching was accompanied by shallower lumbar lordosis and a shift of the body's general centre of gravity backwards. The participants with flat foot arching tend to have deeper lumbar lordosis. A greater depth of physiological curvatures of the spine and lower longitudinal arching of the feet were observed in boys. BMI was positively correlated with decreased arching of the feet and deepened lumbar lordosis. <i>Conclusions:</i> Longitudinal arching of the feet significantly correlates with the depth of lumbar lordosis and trunk balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"72 3","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39073413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}