{"title":"ESG rating uncertainty and institutional investment—evidence from China","authors":"Miao Zeng , Xiaoyu Zhu , Xin Deng , Jiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using panel data on China's A-share listed enterprises from 2015 to 2022, this study applies a fixed effects model of the year, industry, and region to empirically test the impact of ESG ratings and ESG rating uncertainty on institutional investment. The results of this study find that: (1) ESG ratings significantly and positively affect institutional investment, but the existence of ESG rating uncertainty significantly and negatively affects institutional investment. Meanwhile, ESG rating uncertainty weakens the influence of ESG ratings on institutional investment. (2) Institutional investors are more sensitive to the ESG rating uncertainty of enterprises that are government-related (state-owned and politic connected), executive-right-expanded, loss-making, non-heavy-polluting, non-high-tech, and in the eastern region. Meanwhile, passive institutional investors are more sensitive to the ESG rating uncertainty. (3) The number of institutional investors, government subsidies, and securities market performance are the channels through which ESG rating uncertainty affects institutional investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1166-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do subsidized export credits affect firms’ behavior in the FX market? Micro evidence from Türkiye","authors":"Ünal Seven, Ertan Tok","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through its export-led growth strategy, Türkiye intends to increase its exports by subsidizing exporters via a rediscount credit scheme, a form of subsidized export credit, that is mostly financed by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT). This paper aims to investigate whether benefiting from such cost-effective financial support causes unintended consequences by focusing on the foreign exchange purchases of treated firms. Using firm-level data and a propensity score matching (PSM) difference-in-differences (DD) estimator, we find evidence of a positive and significant impact of using rediscount credits on the net FX purchases of treated firms. Furthermore, we find that being a net importer increases the sensitivity of net FX purchases to the use of rediscount credit. We also show that the impact of using rediscount credits on net FX purchases is higher in SMEs than in large firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1077-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-border sovereign risk transmission in BRICIT Nations: Unveiling asymmetries and the role of country risk premiums","authors":"Pawan Kumar, Vipul Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research highlights the asymmetric interdependence structure among the sovereign risks of Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, and Türkiye (BRICIT) nations, challenging the traditional view that bilateral trade is the main channel for cross-border spillover effects. Despite their dependence on Russian crude oil imports for energy, the BRICIT nations show no significant sovereign risk interdependence with Russia. The study finds that Indonesia's credit default swap (CDS) has the highest level of interdependence with other nations. Further exploration of alternative transmission channels necessitates an examination of the country risk premium, revealing Türkiye as the most vulnerable nation due to its negative association with the CDS of other countries, particularly India. By contrast, India is identified as a preferred investment destination, thanks to its lower uncertainty and strong GDP growth over the past decade. Additionally, the research underscores China's economic influence, demonstrated by its positive association with all other BRICIT nations. This suggests that despite the high sovereign risk associated with China, investors do not view other emerging markets as viable, lower-risk alternatives. The perceived risk related to China appears to extend beyond its borders, impacting the sovereign risk profiles of other emerging economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1263-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The factors influencing the selection of fund management companies by Malaysian retail investors in the context of islamic unit trust funds","authors":"Salim Bouzekouk, Fadillah Mansor","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of fund management companies' past performance, fees, perceived religiosity, and perceived risk on Malaysian Muslim investors' attitude toward them. The moderating effects of investor risk aversion, price sensitivity, religiosity, and Islamic financial literacy are considered. A model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology is built to analyze the impact of the variables considered. The study data were collected using a survey of 550 Malaysian retail investors. Our findings show that Muslim investor attitudes are negatively affected by the perceived risk of a fund management company and positively affected by a fund management company's perceived religiosity and past performance. Moreover, the perceived religiosity impact is positively moderated by an investor's Islamic financial literacy and negatively moderated by the investor's price sensitivity. Practical implications of the results and avenues for further investigation in future research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1111-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of ESG controversies on the financial performance of firms: An analysis of industry and country clusters","authors":"Michele Nascimento Jucá , Polona Domadenik Muren , Aljoša Valentinčič , Riste Ichev","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stakeholders have become increasingly interested in sustainable practices, leading to intense investigation in the literature of their effects on companies' returns. However, not much information is available about the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) controversy on companies' financial performance. Inappropriate social behavior and environmental scandals attract attention in the media and, consequently, among investors. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of ESG controversy on companies' return on equity, identifying differences between companies that operate in different clusters such as environmentally sensitive industries (ESI) or non–environmentally sensitive industries and emerging/developed countries. To this end, we investigate 625 publicly owned companies for the period 2011 to 2022, using a four-dimensional hierarchical linear regression model, comprising time, firms, industries, and countries. ESG controversies negatively impact the financial performance of companies operating in ESI and developed countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1305-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burak Çıkıryel , Fatih Savaşan , Ruslan Nagayev , Şakir Görmüş
{"title":"Fueling the bottom line: Decoding the effects of oil on banking performance in net oil-importing economies","authors":"Burak Çıkıryel , Fatih Savaşan , Ruslan Nagayev , Şakir Görmüş","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Banks play a pivotal role in the financial sector, assuming critical functions such as facilitating the monetary policy transmission mechanism and acting as intermediaries between savers and borrowers. Meanwhile, oil represents a fundamental input for economic activities, and its inherent volatility serves as a significant catalyst for economic instability. Given the critical roles of banking institutions and oil in the economy, their relationship garners attention from various stakeholders. The growing body of literature has examined the nexus between oil and banking performance. However, existing research has predominantly concentrated on either oil-exporting jurisdictions or country-specific analyses. Hence, the present study endeavors to bridge this gap in the literature by investigating the intricate dynamics between oil and banking performance, specifically in net oil-importing countries. The dynamic panel method is employed. The findings indicate that oil has direct and indirect effects on the profitability of banks operating through transmission channels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1324-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do institutional environment and corporate governance structures determine Islamic Banks’ sustainability performance? Evidence across key jurisdictions in Islamic finance industry","authors":"Aghilasse Kashi , Abdelkader Laallam , Naji Mansour Nomran , Ala Azmi Abumughli , Tamy Al-Binali","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of the institutional environment and corporate governance structures on Islamic banks' sustainability performance (SP). It applies a two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to analyze data gathered on a panel of 32 Islamic banks drawn from nine key Islamic finance jurisdictions from 2016 to 2021. To consistently code and quantify the Islamic banks' SP, we use the Specific Standard Disclosures for the Financial Services Sector introduced by the GRI as a framework of reference. Then, we employ the weighted content analysis method on the sustainability and annual reports of the subjected sample. Our findings indicate that the institutional factors specifically, regulatory guidelines (regulatory isomorphism) and the adherence of Islamic banks to the sustainable finance networks' specifications (normative isomorphism) are not currently determinants of their SP. Contrarily, we observe that the establishment of a sustainability committee and a better experience of sustainability disclosure improve Islamic banks' SP. In contrast to agency theory, board activity is identified to have a significantly negative relationship with SP. An important policy implication of our results is that policymakers should closely monitor Islamic banks' regulatory dependency and enhance their SF ecosystem to positively influence their SP. Finally, future research may leverage on more conducive regulatory frameworks to sustainability transition in these key jurisdictions, more effective normative structures, further disclosure of sustainability committee characteristics, the development of appropriate measures of Islamic banks' digitalization levels, and the availability of more material sustainability data to provide further insights and better understand the determinants of Islamic banks’ SP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1088-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneity and nonlinearity in the relationship between rediscount credits and firm exports","authors":"Okan Akarsu, Altan Aldan, Huzeyfe Torun","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Export credits are used extensively throughout the world to temper the negative effects of financial constraints on exports. In this paper, we focus on a particular form of subsidized export credits, namely, an export rediscount credit program implemented by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. For this purpose, we create a detailed firm-level data set that matches monthly firm-level export data with credit and financial statement data. Our results show that exports by firms that use rediscount credit increase significantly over a six-month horizon and that the amount of credit and export growth have a positive relation. Moreover, the relation between the credit amount and export volume is not linear; the correlation starts to decline after a certain point. Our results also reveal heterogeneity with respect to size: exports increase more after using rediscount credit for small firms than large firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1316-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conditional effects of higher order co-moments in asset pricing: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul","authors":"Erdinç Altay, Sümeyra Uzun, Büşra Aydemir Özgül","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores how systematic higher order moments (co-skewness and co-kurtosis) are priced in Borsa Istanbul. We tested the significance of higher order co-moments and analyzed their contribution to the standard capital asset pricing model and the <span><span>Fama and French (2015)</span></span> 5-factor model. We used a two-stage method to analyze the weekly returns of beta and size-sorted portfolios and individual stocks over the sample period from June 22, 2007 to November 15, 2023. We also used models conditional on market movements. The findings reveal that co-skewness has statistically significant effects on portfolio returns in Borsa Istanbul, especially in up markets. We also present the statistically significant effects of co-kurtosis on individual stock returns in both up and down markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1122-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An algorithmic approach to portfolio construction: A Turkish stock market case","authors":"Mehmet Gülşen, Burak Yıldız","doi":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bir.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of building a diversified portfolio is to mitigate risks and manage risk-reward tradeoffs. Diversification is also crucial for ensuring the long-term success of a portfolio. Although passive investment has been on the rise in most developed markets, it has not gained wider acceptance in some emerging markets, such as Türkiye. This study proposes an approach to construct a diversified portfolio that serves as a passive investment tool in the context of the Turkish stock market. Despite the long history of equity markets in Türkiye, almost all available passive investment alternatives are prohibitively expensive, unlike those in developed markets. We design a simple methodology that addresses the essential components of building a successful portfolio while avoiding excessive fees. Additionally, we propose a dynamic balancing strategy that algorithmically adjusts the weight of each stock in the portfolio. We test this approach with historical data, demonstrating that it can achieve reasonable returns with minimal effort. Even when its performance does not beat the benchmark, the percentage deviation is still below the management fees charged for alternative investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46690,"journal":{"name":"Borsa Istanbul Review","volume":"24 6","pages":"Pages 1373-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}