Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The contribution of physical exertion to heat-related illness and death in the Arizona borderlands","authors":"Samuel N. Chambers ,&nbsp;Geoffrey A. Boyce ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Martínez ,&nbsp;Coen C.W.G. Bongers ,&nbsp;Ladd Keith","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies and reports suggest an increased mortality rate of undocumented border crossers (UBCs) in Arizona is the result of heat extremes and climatic change. Conversely, others have shown that deaths have occurred in cooler environments than in previous years. We hypothesized that human locomotion plays a greater role in heat-related mortality and that such events are not simply the result of exposure. To test our hypothesis, we used a postmortem geographic application of the human heat balance equation for 2,746 UBC deaths between 1990 and 2022 and performed regression and cluster analyses to assess the impacts of ambient temperature and exertion. Results demonstrate exertion having greater explaining power, suggesting that heat-related mortality among UBCs is not simply a function of extreme temperatures, but more so a result of the required physical exertion. Additionally, the power of these variables is not static but changes with place, time, and policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copula based trivariate spatial modeling of childhood illnesses in Western African countries","authors":"Ezra Gayawan ,&nbsp;Osafu Augustine Egbon ,&nbsp;Oyelola Adegboye","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, and fever are three common childhood illnesses, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the marginal and pairwise correlated effects of these diseases across Western African countries in a single analytical framework. Using data from nationally representative cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys, the study analyzed specific and correlated effects of each pair of childhood morbidity from ARI, diarrhea, and fever using copula regression models in fourteen contiguous Western African countries. Data concerning childhood demographic and socio-economic conditions were used as covariates. In this cross-sectional analysis of 152,125 children aged 0–59 months, the prevalence of ARI was 6.9%, diarrhea, 13.8%, and fever 19.6%. The results showed a positive correlation and geographical variation in the prevalence of the three illnesses across the study region. The estimated correlation and 95% confidence interval between diarrhea and fever is <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>431</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>300</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>539</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>; diarrhea and ARI is <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>270</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>096</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>422</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>; and fever and ARI is <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>502</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>350</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>614</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. The marginal and correlated spatial random effects reveal within-country spatial dependence. Source of water and access to electricity was significantly associated with any of the three illnesses, while television, birth order, and gender were associated with diarrhea or fever. The place of residence and access to newspapers were associated with fever or ARI. There was an increased likelihood of childhood ARI, diarrhea, and fever, which peaked at about ten months but decreased substantially thereafter. Mother’s age was associated with a reduced likelihood of the three illnesses. The maps generated could be resourceful for area-specific policy-making to speed up mitigation processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10294115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial shifts in gun violence, before and after a historic police killing in Minneapolis","authors":"Ryan P. Larson ,&nbsp;N. Jeanie Santaularia ,&nbsp;Christopher Uggen","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2023.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the impact of the police murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, MN on firearm violence, and examine the spatial and social heterogeneity of the effect.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed a uniquely constructed panel dataset of Minneapolis Zip Code Tabulation Areas from 2016–2020 (<em>n</em> = 5742), consisting of Minnesota Hospital Association, Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Public Schools, Census Bureau, and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources data. Interrupted time-series and random effects panel models were used to model the spatiotemporal effects of police killing event on the rate of firearm assault injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings reveal a rising and falling temporal pattern post-killing and a spatial pattern in which disadvantaged, historically Black communities near earlier sites of protest against police violence experienced the brunt of the post-killing increase in firearm assault injury. These effects remain after adjusting for changes in police activity and pandemic-related restrictions, indicating that rising violence was not a simple byproduct of changes in police behavior or COVID-19 response.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that the increases in firearm violence as a result of police violence are disproportionately borne by underserved communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49746855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating co-occurring space-time clusters of depression and suicide-related outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sophia C. Ryan ,&nbsp;Michael R. Desjardins ,&nbsp;Jennifer D. Runkle ,&nbsp;Luke Wertis ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Sugg","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapidly emerging research on the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic shows increasing patterns of psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, and self-harming behaviors, particularly during the early months of the pandemic. Yet, few studies have investigated the spatial and temporal changes in depressive disorders and suicidal behavior during the pandemic. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate geographic patterns of emergency department admissions for depression and suicidal behavior in North Carolina before (March 2017-February 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - December 2021). Univariate cluster detection examined each outcome separately and multivariate cluster detection was used to examine the co-occurrence of depression and suicide-related outcomes in SatScan; the Rand index evaluated cluster overlap. Cluster analyses were adjusted for age, race, and sex. Findings suggest that the mental health burden of depression and suicide-related outcomes remained high in many communities throughout the pandemic. Rural communities exhibited a larger increase in the co-occurrence of depression and suicide-related ED visits during the pandemic period. Results showed the exacerbation of depression and suicide-related outcomes in select communities and emphasize the need for targeted and sustained mental health interventions throughout the many phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waves in time, but not in space – an analysis of pandemic severity of COVID-19 in Germany","authors":"Andreas Kuebart ,&nbsp;Martin Stabler","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2023.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While pandemic waves are often studied on the national scale, they typically are not distributed evenly within countries. This study presents a novel approach to analyzing the spatial-temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. By using a composite indicator of pandemic severity and subdividing the pandemic into fifteen phases, we were able to identify similar trajectories of pandemic severity among all German counties through hierarchical clustering. Our results show that the hotspots and cold spots of the first four waves were relatively stationary in space. This highlights the importance of examining pandemic waves on a regional scale to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamics. By combining spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal clustering of time series, we were able to identify important patterns of regional anomalies, which can help target more effective public health interventions on a regional scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49746852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculating access to parks and other polygonal resources: A description of open-source methodologies","authors":"Keith R. Spangler ,&nbsp;Paige Brochu ,&nbsp;Amruta Nori-Sarma ,&nbsp;Dennis Milechin ,&nbsp;Michael Rickles ,&nbsp;Brandeus Davis ,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Dukes ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Public health studies routinely use simplistic methods to calculate proximity-based “access” to greenspace, such as by measuring distances to the geographic centroids of parks or, less frequently, to the perimeter of the park area. Although computationally efficient, these approaches oversimplify exposure measurement because parks often have specific entrance points. In this tutorial paper, we describe how researchers can instead calculate more-accurate access measures using freely available open-source methods. Specifically, we demonstrate processes for calculating “service areas” representing street-network-based buffers of access to parks within set distances and mode of transportation (e.g., 1-km walk or 20-minute drive) using OpenRouteService and QGIS software. We also introduce an advanced method involving the identification of trailheads or parking lots with OpenStreetMap data and show how large parks particularly benefit from this approach. These methods can be used globally and are applicable to analyses of a wide range of studies investigating proximity access to resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44914219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSM with HIV: Improving prevalence and risk estimates by a Bayesian small area estimation modelling approach for public health service areas in the Netherlands","authors":"Haoyi Wang ,&nbsp;Chantal den Daas ,&nbsp;Eline Op de Coul ,&nbsp;Kai J Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite close monitoring of HIV infections amongst MSM (MSMHIV), the true prevalence can be masked for areas with small population density or lack of data. This study investigated the feasibility of small area estimation with a Bayesian approach to improve HIV surveillance. Data from EMIS-2017 (Dutch subsample, <em>n</em> = 3,459) and the Dutch survey SMS-2018 (<em>n</em> = 5,653) were utilized. We applied a frequentist calculation to compare the observed relative risk of MSMHIV per Public Health Services (GGD) region in the Netherlands and a Bayesian spatial analysis and ecological regression to quantify how spatial heterogeneity in HIV amongst MSM is related to determinants while accounting for spatial dependence to obtain more robust estimates. Both estimations converged and confirmed that the prevalence is heterogenous across the Netherlands with some GGD regions having a higher-than-average risk. Our Bayesian spatial analysis to assess the risk of MSMHIV was able to close data gaps and provide more robust prevalence and risk estimations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Geographic Access to Transgender Hormone Therapy in Texas: A Three-step Floating Catchment Area Analysis","authors":"Avery R. Everhart ,&nbsp;Laura Ferguson ,&nbsp;John P. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the extant literature has established that transgender people face significant barriers to accessing healthcare, no studies to date have offered an explicitly spatial analysis of their access to trans-specific care. This study aims to fill that gap by providing a spatial analysis of access to gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) using Texas as a case study. We used the three-step floating catchment area method, which relies on census tract-level population data and location data for healthcare facilities to quantify spatial access to healthcare within a specific drive-time window, in our case 120 min. For our tract-level population estimates we adapt estimates of the rates of transgender identification from a recent data source, the Household Pulse Survey, and use these in tandem with a spatial database of GAHT providers of the lead author's creation. We then compare results of the 3SFCA with data on urbanicity and rurality, as well as which areas are deemed medically underserved. Finally, we conduct a hot-spot analysis that identifies specific areas where health services could be planned in ways that could improve both access to GAHT for trans people and access to primary care for the general population. Ultimately, we conclude that our results illustrate that patterns of access to trans-specific medical care, like GAHT, do not neatly follow patterns of access to primary care for the general population and that therefore trans communities’ access to healthcare warrants specific, further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave in North Carolina","authors":"Cindy J. Pang ,&nbsp;Paul L. Delamater","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We constructed county-level models to examine properties of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant wave of infections in North Carolina and assessed immunity levels (via prior infection, via vaccination, and overall) prior to the Delta wave. To understand how prior immunity shaped Delta wave outcomes, we assessed relationships among these characteristics. Peak weekly infection rate and total percent of the population infected during the Delta wave were negatively correlated with the proportion of people with vaccine-derived immunity prior to the Delta Wave, signaling that places with higher vaccine uptake had better outcomes. We observed a positive correlation between immunity via infection prior to Delta and percent of the population infected during the Delta wave, meaning that counties with poor pre-Delta outcomes also had poor Delta wave outcomes. Our findings illustrate geographic variation in outcomes during the Delta wave in North Carolina, highlighting regional differences in population characteristics and infection dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9838034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9617651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmatched spatially stratified controls: A simulation study examining efficiency and precision using spatially-diverse controls and generalized additive models","authors":"Ian W. Tang ,&nbsp;Scott M. Bartell ,&nbsp;Verónica M. Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2023.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unmatched spatially stratified random sampling (SSRS) of non-cases selects geographically balanced controls by dividing the study area into spatial strata and randomly selecting controls from all non-cases within each stratum. The performance of SSRS control selection was evaluated in a case study spatial analysis of preterm birth in Massachusetts. In a simulation study, we fit generalized additive models using controls selected by SSRS or simple random sample (SRS) designs. We compared mean squared error (MSE), bias, relative efficiency (RE), and statistically significant map results to the model results with all non-cases. SSRS designs had lower average MSE (0.0042–0.0044) and higher RE (77–80%) compared to SRS designs (MSE: 0.0072–0.0073; RE across designs: 71%). SSRS map results were more consistent across simulations, reliably identifying statistically significant areas. SSRS designs improved efficiency by selecting controls that are geographically distributed, particularly from low population density areas, and may be more appropriate for spatial analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9673075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}