Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Reciprocal Relationship Between Serious Victimization and Criminogenic Networks","authors":"Hana Ryu, Evan C. Mccuish","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Reducing explanations of victimization to a person's risky lifestyle has stalled growth in theories of victimization. Drawing from Carlo Morselli's contributions to social network analysis, the current study extended past research on community-based co-offending networks and victimization in two ways. First, the current study more comprehensively measured a person's criminogenic network by also examining the contribution of conflict ties and social ties to victimization. Second, we investigated whether serious victimization was prospectively associated with social network characteristics. Data were used on 99 participants from the Incarcerated Serious Violent Young Offender Study who had criminogenic connections within the city of Surrey, BC. Time-dependent covariate survival analysis was used to model the relationship between network characteristics and time to victimization. Time-series ordinary least squares regression was used to examine whether serious victimization predicted network characteristics. Participants with a greater number of co-offending ties experienced serious victimization significantly later. As evidence of the reciprocal nature of the victimization–network relationship, victimization predicted a greater number of future criminogenic connections in the co-offending tie, social tie, and prison tie networks. Findings have implications for network-based intervention models.Résumé:Réduire les causes de la victimisation au mode de vie risqué d'une personne nuit au développement théorique de la victimologie. S'inspirant des recherches de Carlo Morselli sur l'analyse des réseaux sociaux, la présente étude prolonge de deux façons certains travaux antérieurs sur les réseaux communautaires de codélinquance et la victimisation. Premièrement, notre étude mesure de manière approfondie le réseau criminogène d'une personne, en tenant compte de la contribution des liens conflictuels et des liens sociaux à la victimisation. Deuxièmement, nous avons cherché à savoir s'il existe un lien prospectif entre la gravité de la victimisation et les caractéristiques du réseau social. Les données ont été appliquées à 99 participantes de l'Incarcerated Serious Violent Young Offender Study (« Étude sur les jeunes emprisonnés pour des infractions graves et violentes ») qui avaient des liens criminogènes avec la ville de Surrey, en Colombie-Britannique. La relation entre les caractéristiques du réseau et la durée écoulée jusqu'à la victimisation a été modélisée par une analyse de survie diachronique des covariables. La régression de séries temporelles par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires a servi à vérifier si la gravité de la victimisation permettait de prédire les caractéristiques du réseau. Les incidents graves de victimisation se produisent significativement plus tard chez les participantes qui présentent davantage de liens de codélinquance que les autres. Preuve du caractère réciproque de la relation entre la victimisation et le réseau","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"100 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42666245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Prosocial and Antisocial Relationships Structure on Offenders' Optimism towards Desistance","authors":"A. Nolet, Yanick Charette, Fanny Mignon","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:At the end of his career, Carlo Morselli started to be interested in how the structure of social relations could influence offenders' prospects for reintegration and desistance. This article analyzes the data from his research project on that topic. The impacts of offenders' relationships have traditionally been discussed from a dichotomous, risk-centered perspective opposing antisocial and prosocial peers. Social network studies allow a step back and a global view of the contexts and processes in which relationships shape trajectories. This article focuses on the ego networks of offenders as they reintegrate with society and sheds light on triadic patterns associated with increased optimism toward desistance. Interviews were conducted with residents of halfway houses (48 men and 24 women), with offenders followed by a community agency (25 men), and with incarcerated youth offenders (24 male teenagers). Structured interviews addressed multiple aspects of the lives of the offenders, including their social relations, prosocial and antisocial. A mixed-method approach was used to understand the influence of social relations in the perception of desistance potential success. First, logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of individual's and egocentric networks' characteristics on optimism toward desistance. Second, case studies of ego network sociograms illustrate the results and suggest hypotheses about processes that may explain them. Results show that optimism is higher when prosocial personal networks are denser, and is lower when antisocial networks are open, and as antisocial peers are connected to prosocial ties. The implications of these patterns for offenders' desistance and network-based interventions are discussed.Résumé:Vers la fin de sa carrière, Carlo Morselli a commencé à s'intéresser à l'influence de la structure des relations sociales sur les perspectives de réintégration et de désistance des contrevenantes. Cet article analyse les données de son projet de recherche sur ce sujet. Les répercussions des relations des contrevenantes sont habituellement considérées dans une perspective dichotomique centrée sur le risque, qui oppose les personnes antisociales et prosociales de son entourage. Létude des réseaux sociaux permet de prendre du recul et donne une vision d'ensemble des contextes et des processus qui influencent les parcours. Cet article porte en particulier sur les réseaux sociaux égocentriques des contrevenantes qui réintègrent la société. Il met en lumière les configurations triadiques associées à un optimisme accru envers la désistance. Des entrevues ont été conduites avec des résidentes de maisons de transition (48 hommes et 24 femmes), des contrevenants suivis par un organisme communautaire (25 hommes) et des jeunes contrevenants incarcérés (24 adolescents). Les entretiens structurés abordent de nombreux aspects de la vie des contrevenant·e·s, y compris leurs relations sociales, prosociales et antisocial","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"59 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44967400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of foreign countries in the fight against human trafficking","authors":"Mirzayusup Rustambаev","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./agtw9871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./agtw9871","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with issues related to the experience of foreign countries in the fight against human trafficking. The article also analyzes the legislation of the USA, Italy, Germany and the CIS member states on combating human trafficking, makes appropriate proposals and recommendations to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVENTION OF OFFENSES: NATIONAL AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE","authors":"Elbek Eshmurodov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ysrx9033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ysrx9033","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the concept of offenses, their essence, the subjects of crime prevention, legislation on crime prevention, and the peculiarities of foreign experience in crime prevention, the study of the experience of developed countries in this field, the study of crime prevention in foreign countries. Moreover, the article covers improvement of the system based on the identification of specific features of efficiency, application of preventive measures based on the social characteristics of offenses, strengthening the implementation of international standards in national legislation, development of preventive measures and mechanisms to prevent recidivism by offenders, increasing the effectiveness of preventive function. The study gives scientific proposals on improvement of the regulatory framework, systematization, application the law to improve the practice, study the directions and prospects of legal regulation, the practical application of international experience, as well as enhancement of the legal culture and legal literacy of citizens.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83913832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING WITH DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION","authors":"B. Karimov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pohr9768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pohr9768","url":null,"abstract":"Digital evidence is one of the most effective means of administering justice in modern society. It simply depends on the types of digital evidence and how to use them. Therefore, this article focuses on the general concept of digital evidence, its sources and collection of digital information in criminal investigations, the basic principles of working with digital evidence, and the specific criteria for ensuring the integrity of digital evidence and evaluating them in investigative and judicial practice. In order to highlight these issues, modern procedures created by international organizations, developed countries and best practices have been used, and their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. In addition, problems in national practice and legislation on working with digital evidence have been systematically analyzed and practical solutions have been developed. The purpose of this article is to describe the state of digital evidence practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan and to apply experience of developed countries and best practice for future laws, procedures, guidelines and instruction on these issues, also to make recommendations on the development of digital evidence norms in accordance with international standards and law.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"586 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74714208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN PREVENTION OF OFFENSES","authors":"S. Khamrakulov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./citf1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./citf1012","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the organization of crime prevention in foreign countries in different areas, as well as the implementation of prevention standards in foreign states and national legislation, the introduction of international experience, as well as the responsibility of the population in terms of social activism and citizenship. Moreover, the article covers the disclosure of the criminal law of foreign countries and methods of accounting for crimes, measures for the implementation of crime prevention.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83739122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES RELATED TO ELECTRONIC OR DIGITAL EVIDENCE: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION","authors":"B. Khamidov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pcpb3884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./pcpb3884","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a scientific analysis of the concepts of electronic or digital evidence. In particular, issues related to the legal and technical characteristics of digital evidence, their collection, storage, verification, transportation and evaluation have been investigated. At the same time, the problems and gaps in the practice of national legislation and law enforcement in the field of digital evidence processing have been critically considered. Scientifically based ways and criteria for their elimination have been developed. The article is prepared on the basis of scientific and practical research and opinions of theorists and practitioners conducted in the field of working with digital evidence, as well as technical research. As a result of the research, the methodological rules for working with digital evidence have been analyzed. National legislation, investigative and judicial practice, international experience and practice have been studied, and their achievements and shortcomings have been justified in conclusions. Based on this, the most optimal criteria for law enforcement entities to collect, verify and evaluate digital evidence have been developed. The article analyzes the problems in this area from a systematic, legal, scientific and methodological point of view and provides conclusions on this issue. At the same time, issues related to ensuring the admissibility of digital evidence, its identification and authentication, verification and evaluation of expert opinions are also covered. Scientifically based proposals and recommendations have been developed for the legislator and the subjects applying it.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75274955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH - AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN FIGHTING AGAINST CRIME","authors":"Rakhim Khakimov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ckvr3539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./ckvr3539","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the scientific approach - the issues of an essential factor in the fight against crime. Also, the author discusses legal measures aimed at training and retraining of personnel in the related field.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90829620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LATENT CRIME: CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION FEATURES","authors":"O. Ismoilov","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./jxtc7494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./jxtc7494","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the formation of the concept of latent crimes, studies the types and classification of latent crimes. In addition, the views and opinions of various scientists on the latent crime classification into categories and types are discussed. Besides, the statistics of latent crime are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89262947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENT TASKS OF THE SUBJECT OF CRIMINOLOGY","authors":"Kumriniso R. Abdurasulova","doi":"10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./vgux8260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.1.1./vgux8260","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the actual tasks of the subject of criminology. The article also notes that the prevention of offenses (crimes), the correction of the behavior of persons prone to committing a crime or the victim, identifying the causes of the commission of crimes, the conditions that allow this, and their elimination are important tasks of criminology.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73628146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}