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Comparing Small Gatherings in Their Urban Contexts 比较城市背景下的小型聚会
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10112
Johannes Becker
{"title":"Comparing Small Gatherings in Their Urban Contexts","authors":"Johannes Becker","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10112","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces small gatherings as a socio-spatial arena that enables a comparative perspective on the basis of detailed empirical research. Small gatherings allow for an analysis of sociality in the city which can be combined with the analysis of its concrete spatiality and intersecting socio-historical processes. The challenge of doing research on small gatherings lies in the fact that they are fuzzy and may, or may not, traverse established urban scales. This will be exemplified by the characterization of two types of small gatherings, represented by cases in Amman and in East Jerusalem – small gatherings of friends and small gatherings of neighbors. They share superficial similarities, but the analysis reveals their varying relations to the neighborhood and the city.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"54 72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Trials as Part of Transitional Justice Challenge the Stigma Related to Being Targeted by Serious Human Rights Violations? 作为过渡时期司法一部分的审判是否会挑战与严重侵犯人权行为目标相关的耻辱感？
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10113
Anne Margrethe Sønneland
{"title":"Do Trials as Part of Transitional Justice Challenge the Stigma Related to Being Targeted by Serious Human Rights Violations?","authors":"Anne Margrethe Sønneland","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10113","url":null,"abstract":"There is often stigma attached to being the victim of state violence, as being targeted by state violence is often seen as proof that a person is guilty. This article discusses whether trials as part of transitional justice can challenge such stigma. Trials can provide a legal truth, through identifying what has happened, who the perpetrators are, and who the victim is. Trials and court hearings are an expression of what societies accept, and when a perpetrator is sentenced it is an expression of solidarity with the victim. The article compares how persons targeted by state violence by former regimes in Argentina and Peru describe and perceive of such stigma, how stigma has changed over time and with contemporary trials. There are important differences between the countries regarding the violent history, the groups targeted by state violence, and the ongoing trials, also regarding the outcome of the trials.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmentally Related Taxes and Forest Loss 与环境相关的税收和森林损失
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10117
Marion C. Harper, Jamie M. Sommer, John M. Shandra
{"title":"Environmentally Related Taxes and Forest Loss","authors":"Marion C. Harper, Jamie M. Sommer, John M. Shandra","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10117","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, environmental state theory has argued that nations have implemented laws and regulations along with spending money on conservation to address environmental problems. However, questions remain about the effectiveness of such policies. The authors draw on environmental state theory to frame this study in which they examine if higher levels of environmentally related forestry taxes correspond with lower levels of forest loss in low- and middle- income nations. The authors test this hypothesis by using use two-stage least squares regression models for a sample of 81 low- and middle- income nations. The results indicate support for the hypothesis that higher levels of environmentally related taxes are associated with less forest loss in low- and middle-income nations.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digitalized Electoral Democracy, Subversive Politics, and Islam 数字化选举民主、颠覆性政治和伊斯兰教
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10115
Abu Bakarr Bah, Sirojuddin Arif
{"title":"Digitalized Electoral Democracy, Subversive Politics, and Islam","authors":"Abu Bakarr Bah, Sirojuddin Arif","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10115","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly democracy is becoming digitalized through the use of information technologies in the conduct of elections and political campaigns. At the same time, politics is becoming more contentious, and even subversive, as democracy fuses with divisive social issues and identity politics. This article examines the issue of subversive politics in a variety of democracy settings. As the authors show, subversive politics is an issue that is affecting emerging and established democracies. Yet, the effect can be more severe in the former as democratic institutions are still developing. Notably, Muslim-majority countries face major challenges in making democracy work due to subversive politics and the political and ideological conflicts between different Muslim groups. As such, the article niches on the intersection of (digitalized) electoral democracy with subversive politics with a special focus on Indonesia as a Muslim-majority democracy. The authors argue that Indonesia stands as an in-between case in the continuum of subversive politics. They show this by explaining how democracy failed in some Muslim countries, became threatened in consolidated democracies, and survives in Indonesia. The combination of institutional quality and relative independence of religious organizations in politics has been crucial for the way Indonesia deals with subversive politics.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
World Society, Cultural Diversity, and Gender Gap in Political Empowerment 世界社会、文化多样性与政治赋权中的性别差距
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10114
Peyman Hekmatpour
{"title":"World Society, Cultural Diversity, and Gender Gap in Political Empowerment","authors":"Peyman Hekmatpour","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10114","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the interactive effects of world society and cultural diversity on the gender gap in political empowerment. Focusing on the Women’s Share of Seats in National Parliaments (<jats:sc>WSSNP</jats:sc>) and the Gender Gap in Political Empowerment (<jats:sc>GGPE</jats:sc>) Index as two main outcome variables, the analyses use a growth curve approach to estimate nations’ trajectories of gender political inequality and explain them by time-invariant and time-varying independent variables. Overall, the results suggest that nations’ level of embeddedness in the world society, measured by the political globalization index of the <jats:sc>KOF</jats:sc> Swiss Economic Institute, closes the gender gap in political empowerment. Nevertheless, more culturally diverse societies, in terms of the level of religious fractionalization, are more susceptible to the equalizing impacts of globalization on the gender gap in political empowerment. Conversely, culturally homogenous nations appear to show some level of resistance to adopting the gender-equitable values prompted by world culture.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Philosophical Reading of Justice and Its Resistance to Social Change among the Igbo of Nigeria 尼日利亚伊格博人对正义及其抵制社会变革的哲学解读
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10111
Emmanuel C. Anizoba
{"title":"A Philosophical Reading of Justice and Its Resistance to Social Change among the Igbo of Nigeria","authors":"Emmanuel C. Anizoba","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores justice among the Igbo of Nigeria through a philosophical lens. Its discussion focuses on how the Igbo idea of justice intermingles with the idea of <em>akadiocha</em> (clean hands), proverbs, names and equal treatment for all, including the ancestors. Personal interviews form the primary sources of data collection while library materials are the secondary sources. The economy of the Igbo people of Nigeria is dynamic and multifaceted, with traditions of commerce, agriculture, manufacturing, and diaspora contributions playing crucial roles in its development and growth. The Igbo concept of “offor” embodies enduring traditions, values, and social structures that resist rapid social change. Its symbolism and significance continue to shape various aspects of Igbo culture, reinforcing a sense of identity and continuity amidst evolving social, economic, and political dynamics. Western justice is a multifaceted philosophical idea that reflects a commitment to fairness, equality, and the rule of law within legal systems influenced by Western philosophical traditions. By examining these differences, we gain insight into the multifaceted understanding of justice within Igbo culture, which encompasses spiritual, ancestral, and communal dimensions beyond Western paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indigenous Knowledge in Entrepreneurship and Cultural Tourism in the Rural Areas 农村地区创业和文化旅游中的本土知识
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10110
Priviledge Cheteni, Ikechukwu Umejesi
{"title":"Indigenous Knowledge in Entrepreneurship and Cultural Tourism in the Rural Areas","authors":"Priviledge Cheteni, Ikechukwu Umejesi","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the influence of indigenous knowledge systems on indigenous entrepreneurship and sustainability practices. Through a deductive approach, qualitative data was collected from fifteen business owners using systematic random sampling. Extensive one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to gather in-depth perspectives. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of the entrepreneurs actively incorporate indigenous knowledge into their business operations. Additionally, cultural tourism is experiencing a surge, although largely operating in the informal sector. Notably, the agripreneurs face substantial challenges in accessing mainstream markets, a predicament shared by entrepreneurs across various sectors. The conversations with the participants unveiled multidimensional obstacles hindering their progress, including inadequate capital, limited access to funding opportunities, and discriminatory practices by financial institutions. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for comprehensive support mechanisms to foster indigenous entrepreneurship and promote sustainable practices rooted in traditional knowledge systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Left-Behind Places in a Contrastive Approach 用对比法理解留守地
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10109
Dumitru Sandu
{"title":"Understanding Left-Behind Places in a Contrastive Approach","authors":"Dumitru Sandu","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How are left-behind places in a country compared to other types of places in an Eastern European country? A typology of local human development is designed and tested for the case of the Romanian society. The United Nations model of human development (structured by the three dimensions of education, economic development and health) is adapted to the local level and two contrasting measures are designed – an index and a typology of local human development. The typology resulted from a cluster analysis. It is validated by bi-variate and multivariate analysis (multinomial regression). High emigration rates, irrespective of the destination, do not bring lower development to the local origin in Romania: the destination of migration counts. There is a higher probability, in 2018, of left-behindness in localities with a higher number of emigrants to Italy in the years preceding 2011. Human development is highly differentiated by destination countries of emigration and by historical subregions. It is especially for such contexts that the quantitative approach could be misleading. Public policy targets could be better identified if qualitative and quantitative approaches are simultaneously used. The proposed approach could be adopted by keeping the same dimensions and measuring them by available and appropriate indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socio-ecological Factors Associated with Preventive Behavior against COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Survey 埃塞俄比亚与 COVID-19 预防行为相关的社会生态因素：横断面调查
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10108
Kibur Engdawork, Ezana Amdework, Samuel Assefa
{"title":"Socio-ecological Factors Associated with Preventive Behavior against COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"Kibur Engdawork, Ezana Amdework, Samuel Assefa","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding factors influencing the adoption of preventive behaviors is crucial in pandemic prevention and control. This study employs the social-ecological model to examine the determinants of preventive actions against <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">COVID</span>-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data from a household survey were analyzed using a linear regression model. The findings indicate a moderate level of preventive behavior adoption among residents. Interpersonal behavior, community norms, and organizational-level factors are identified as significant predictors, while personal and demographic factors have little influence. These results highlight the need for context-specific health interventions, addressing social and structural aspects, to effectively combat <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">COVID</span>-19 in Addis Ababa and similar low- and middle-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“When Jobs Are Scarce”: The Attitudes to Female Labor in Islamic and Arab Cultures in Comparative Perspective "当工作稀缺时"：从比较角度看伊斯兰和阿拉伯文化中对女性劳动的态度
IF 0.6
COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10107
Andrey Korotayev, Kira Meshcherina, Vadim Ustyuzhanin
{"title":"“When Jobs Are Scarce”: The Attitudes to Female Labor in Islamic and Arab Cultures in Comparative Perspective","authors":"Andrey Korotayev, Kira Meshcherina, Vadim Ustyuzhanin","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the influence of Islam on attitudes toward female labor force participation as reflected in responses to the World Values Survey (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">WVS</span>) question: “When jobs are scarce, should men have more right to a job than women?”. The authors expect that respondents in Islamic (Muslim-majority) countries will have more positive attitudes toward this statement than respondents in non-Islamic countries. They test the hypothesis that the higher the percentage of Muslims in a given country, the more likely respondents are to agree with this statement. The correlation is in the predicted direction, statistically significant and quite strong. Meanwhile, tests show that respondents in Arab countries show particularly strong support for this statement (significantly stronger than in non-Arab Muslim-majority countries). Based on this, the authors try to discuss possible determinants of such attitudes. Particular support is observed in Arab countries and those non-Arab countries that have experienced a strong Arab influence. These countries can be identified with the Umayyad Caliphate in the past and may have been particularly influenced by non-Islamic elements of Arab culture that are not directly related to Islam.</p>","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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