Planning Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"State of the legacy: reviewing a decade of writings on the regeneration promises of London 2012","authors":"J. R. Gold","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2202118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2202118","url":null,"abstract":"necting architectural design, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The fourth chapter, ‘Reconstructing the City, constructing New Towns,’ describes heterogeneous experiences connected by a shared attention devoted to the memory of war destruction, comparing divergent approaches and projects like the global reconstruction plan of Hiroshima by Kenzo Tange – framed in the context of the tabula rasa caused by the nuclear apocalypse -, and the series of numerous (700) small playgrounds proposed by Aldo van Eyck in the interstices of the historic city of Amsterdam. Finally, the authors devote special attention to the role of criticism in the debates on urban design, which flourished in parallel with the evolution of urban proposals. The work reveals numerous conflicts and contradictions, as exemplified by the debates on the New Towns, which originated multiple forms of criticism and resistance in the UK, France, and Scandinavia. Chapter 8, titled ‘Finding Meaning in the Postmodern City,’ traces with rigour and acuteness the divergent and articulated positions which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as a reaction to functionalist planning, starting from the diverse forms of radical criticism offered by the publications and projects of Vittorio Gregotti, Oswald Mathias Ungers, and Aldo Rossi, but also in the ‘anti-modern’ positions of Colin Rowe, Robert Venturi, and Denise Scott Brown. Excessive importance is probably assigned to the role of Léon Krier, whose singular trajectory took him from the condition of brilliant draftsman of Jim Stirling’s perspectives to a radical polemicist and the favourite architect of Prince Charles in his campaign against modern architecture. Concerning the international movement for the ‘Critical Reconstruction of the European City,’ more than Léon, it is possibly his brother, Rob Krier, who deserves to be remembered, along with other contemporary protagonists, including Álvaro Siza, Herman Hertzberger, John Hejduk, and Vittorio Gregotti and Oswald Mathias Ungers themselves, for the exemplary contribution in what was the most critical laboratory of those years: the Internationale Bauaustellung (International Building Exhibit IBA) in West Berlin, under the guidance of Josef Paul Kleihues.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"724 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban design in the 20th century. A history","authors":"P. Croset","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2202115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2202115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"722 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What would the RPAA do?","authors":"E. Talen","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2199293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2199293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The legacy and vision of the RPAA is very familiar to us: a diverse group of talented urban reformers wanted to restructure social and economic systems to create decentralized, interconnected clusters of contained settlements in the form of garden cities protected by open space, with healthy, nearby industry providing ample employment opportunities. Regions would be linked by geography, culture, and climatic unity. The problem of great cities would be approached ‘not from within but from without’. In this paper, I consider three urban issues currently dominating our urban discourse a century after the RPAA was formed – the pandemic and its impact on urban life, gentrification and displacement, and climate change – and conjecture about what the RPAA might have thought or done if confronted with such challenges. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the RPAA, what can we surmise about a likely response from this influential group of urban and regional reformers?","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"819 - 829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48489862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat. Towards an ecological urban lexicon","authors":"Leonardo Zuccaro Marchi","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2197867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2197867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper is focused on the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural paradigm of ‘habitat’ – as the anthropological and ecological interdependency between domestic space and its environment. Since the mid-twentieth century, our built environment has faced a long totalizing, planetary urbanization process, which urges us to review the old conventional urban-architectural categories we use to describe and understand our cities and countryside. Faced with the urgency of a more inclusive understanding of our built environment, this paper sheds more light on the paradigm of Habitat as an interdisciplinary urban lexicon, as it gained momentum in post-war urban thinking and has influenced urban design ever since. The paper holds that the post-war discussion on Habitat represented a unique moment in which interdisciplinary thinking on the built environment became central. The paper shows alliances and resonances between the post-war CIAM’s discourse on Habitat and other coeval sociological and philosophical studies to delineate a complex theoretical framework. Beyond the parameters and boundaries that have been considered and presumed conventionally within ordinary urban design and social science, the paper focuses on the complex interdisciplinary meanings, interpretations, and translations regarding the paradigm of post-war Habitat as a complex social and spatial notion.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"891 - 900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire in the port city: the impact of different population groups on the destruction and revival of Canton city in the nineteenth century","authors":"Xueping Gu, C. Hein","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2187869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2187869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Canton (present-day Guangzhou) has long flourished as a port city. As the city expanded in the nineteenth century, the risks of conflagrations increased; streets became more crowded, buildings were more often made of wood, and there was more use of open fires. The reconstruction of Canton after conflagrations provides an excellent way to observe the resilience of urban space, understood here as the result of interactions among different stakeholders. This paper explores how authorities, local communities, foreigners, and Hong merchants addressed fires and rebuilt through laws, regulations, technologies and cooperation, and how responses to fire destruction shaped urban space. Divers stakeholders affected the reconstruction of buildings and streets. The government made laws to widen streets, communities built watchtowers, and foreigners made new plans for Thirteen Factories, a neigbhorhood along the Pearl River. At the same time, conflicts between communities and foreigners obstructed plans for urban transformation and maintained the stability of urban structures. The communities kept the traditional local community organizations the ‘Kaifong’ (local organization in street) who opposed the widening streets and fought against proposed fire zones around Thirteen Factories, thus pitching local interests against those of the foreigners in a complex social, political, and cultural context.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"695 - 708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural land change, planning and urbanisation: a case study from Erzurum, Türkiye (1940–2022)","authors":"K. Cihangir-Çamur, D. Dursun, A. Kaya","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2187440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2187440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The choices made by governments in different historical periods in pursuit of economic and social development directly impact urbanization processes. This study adopts a theoretical framework involving a layered approach in order to understand the urbanization processes in Türkiye. Particular focus is on Erzurum, as a settlement that evolved from a mid-sized Anatolian town into a metropolis, as well as the environmental effects of urban development, especially on the sustainability of agricultural land, in the light of theoretical debates. The development plans of the city of Erzurum are analysed to understand the path of evolution from the urbanization of the nation-state to the urbanization of capital, which is a topic of particular interest in urban literature, revealing that this capital held decision-making processes in the planning field in its grip, whether at a central or local level.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum government assistance: planning cottage resettlement areas in post-war Hong Kong","authors":"Carmen C. M. Tsui","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2187868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2187868","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the Second World War, large squatter areas flourished everywhere, threatening Hong Kong’s safety and sanitation. In 1948, the government took action and required squatters to move to designated resettlement areas where they would be less of a public nuisance. There, evicted squatters could build simple cottages or huts at their own expense. Most cottage resettlement areas were located on steep hillsides unsuitable for permanent development. Interestingly, the cottage resettlement areas were initially portrayed by the government as a solution to the squatter problem, but they have since been deemed a wasteful use of prime urban land. What made the government change its attitude towards the cottage resettlement areas? This study challenges the common narrative that often describes cottage resettlement as a failed squatter resettlement strategy that was quickly replaced by a massive programme to construct multi-storey resettlement estates. It demonstrates the way cottage resettlement was used as one of the means of resettlement alongside the direct government construction of resettlement housing. Further, it shows how the self-built nature of the cottage resettlement areas was preferred by a government that maintained a principal policy of offering only minimal assistance and public funding to squatter resettlement.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47014526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutionalization of Transit-Oriented Development in Tokyo 1868–1945","authors":"Yudi Liu, Ryoichi Nitanai, R. Manabe, A. Murayama","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2177184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2177184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many advocates of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) consider Tokyo an exemplary transit metropolis that uniquely relies on private railways. To better understand this enduring practice, this study traces its institutionalization before 1945. It concludes that following the Meiji Restoration, former feudal elites founded a private railway industry consisting of joint-stock companies when the state lacked funds. As a semi-public effort, the industry served the industrial and political pursuits of Meiji Japan. To defend the industry, these elites frustrated the attempt to nationalize railways in 1892 and weakened the extent of the nationalization in 1907. The latter directed private railway capital to the suburbs. By 1929, the elites had incrementally legitimized private railway conglomerates that developed railways and landed properties, including housing estates and commercial facilities, along railway corridors in Osaka and, later, Tokyo. Inspired by railway suburbs and garden cities in the Anglosphere, Japanese TOD was developed as a localized institution in a developmental state: a ‘standard operating practice’ framed by the iron triangle of industrialists, politicians, and bureaucrats. Because its defenders preserved the institution from wartime regulation and automobilization, this semi-public institution, balancing private and state pursuits, contrasted with its global counterparts, and continued to influence post-war Tokyo.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking the morphology of building types and site planning layouts within Seoul’s reconstructed and redeveloped apartment complexes","authors":"S. Hwang, Hangyu Oh, Jae Woo Kim","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2182828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2182828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban residential redevelopment projects in Seoul, South Korea gradually replaced the deteriorating low-rise residential fabrics with high-rise, high-density apartment complexes. Despite flat-type being the dominant style for apartment buildings, compact tower-type buildings popularised in the late 1990s to maximise density in terms of floor area ratio, ensure open green spaces and provide favourable views. However, as tower-type buildings possessed several deficiencies, such as non-southern orientation, difficulties in cross-ventilation, and comparatively higher construction costs, a compromise emerged in the 2000s. In succession, various morphologically modified and intentionally deformed buildings and their accompanying site planning configurations emerged to overcome the shortcomings of the newly built high-rise apartment complexes. This study aims to (1) track the evolving apartment building morphology and (2) identify different layout configurations in accordance with the transformed building types, specifically those constructed in redeveloped and reconstructed housing projects. Diverse building modification and relevant arrangement strategies are primarily oriented to the internal residents’ interests, while the public dimension outside the complex is inconspicuously underestimated. Thus, it is crucial to further perceive and promote awareness of the public space in ways that counterbalance the dominantly privatized pedestrian environment and neighbourhood-scape based on systematic comprehension of apartment buildings and their layout morphologies.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"709 - 720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonprofit neighborhoods: an urban history of inequality and the American state","authors":"D. Holland","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2023.2179260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2023.2179260","url":null,"abstract":"This highly stimulating study examines the role of Ankara ’ s Middle East Technical University (METU) in shaping international planning cultures in the region. This university is an outcome of Cold War era transatlantic exchanges. Burak Erdim analyses both the importance of the geopolitical and ideological context and the role of networks of in fl uence in creating this key academic institution and de fi ning Turkish and regional identity","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"453 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43826181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}