Planning Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Dourgouti and Tavros: the development of two Athenian neighbourhoods with social housing estates","authors":"Nikolina Myofa","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2162569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2162569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dourgouti and Tavros are two neighbourhoods of Athens, Greece. They were constructed by the Ministry of Welfare as areas with social housing estates. However, they are exceptional cases in Greek housing models. The main premise of this paper is derived from the analysis of the changes in social physiognomy and the relationships amongst residents in Dourgouti and Tavros, and whether these two neighbourhoods are paradigms of the ‘community saved’ argument or the ‘community lost’ argument.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"421 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merlin Chowkwanyun, All Health Politics is Local","authors":"J. Whittaker","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157155","url":null,"abstract":"All Health Politics is Local proclaims its argument right from the bold cover, but Merlin Chowkwanyun’s judicious and timely framing makes this historical scholarship well worth a deep read by folks far beyond the health policy field. Writing as part of the Studies in Social Medicine series, historian Chowkwanyun argues that Americans’ health was (and is) shaped not only by expansive federal health policies but also by a broad array of local influences, including ‘political machines, neighborhood organizations, racial politics, urban development, grassroots political mobilization, the flow of grants and government outlays, anchor institutions, political economic shifts, and exogenous and unexpected events’ (p. 4-5). Through carefully constructed case studies covering healthcare and environmental health in midcentury New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, and Central Appalachia, he establishes how federal trends left ‘different health imprints depending on where in the country you sat’ (p. 13). Chowkwanyun comfortably weaves archival research from numerous public and private collections into recent interdisciplinary conversations with writing that is fresh, lively, and enjoyable to read. The case studies, spread out across six chapters, highlight the worthy and often overlooked on-theground local actions to protect and improve health; but they also wrestle with the limits of local action. Are there limits to localism and local politics? Can local action overcome, counteract, or mount viable alternatives to national and global trends? Ultimately, Chowkwanyun calls for multi-scalar health politics – an asterisk to the title’s claims. All health politics is local, but it coexists with ‘larger parallel currents (of) recurrent economic turbulence, parasitic national energy infrastructure, and unforeseen new stakeholders in the health arena’ (p. 234). While All Health Politics is Local is a historical analysis, the topic and its lessons are stunningly relevant for the time in which we live. Chowkwanyun traces the case study locations through the 1980s, but his conclusion brings us right to 2022. He draws in recent examples of how local efforts to address health care inequities and environmental health are trounced by the introduction of venture capital and multinational conglomerates, and how local fights for environmental protection are swept away by the enormity of unconfined climate change. These recent examples are helpful in contextualize the case studies within contemporary challenges; but even without them, it’s hard to miss just how pertinent these cases are to today. Climate catastrophe and venture capital aside, Chowkwanyun’s excavation of documents from the daily itinerary of Kentucky health activist Eula Hall, to citizen letters and meeting transcripts of the LA County Board of Supervisors, and the private collection of posters from Lower East Side Neighborhood Health Council all demonstrate the roles of poverty, violent and racist policing, and ","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"223 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminars on urban design and the constitution of the discipline in mid-1980s Brazil","authors":"Maria Cristina da Silva Leme, Renato Leão Rego, Carolina Pescatori Cândido da Silva, Dinalva Derenzo Roldan","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2158362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2158362","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A series of seminars held in Brasilia in the mid-1980s institutionalized Urban Design as a discipline in Brazil. It triggered a new approach to urban interventions, in consonance with the country’s re-democratization process and the critical debates fostered by the new political condition, following the end of the dictatorship. This paper explores the seminars’ outcomes in order to account for the rationale of urban design in Brazil, when social milieu, cultural character and participatory processes became fundamental design tools. By examining this turning point, the paper adds to the historiography of the genesis of Urban Design in Brazil while highlighting the particularities of the local approach to the global term.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"213 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La città degli igienisti. Riforme e utopie sanitarie nell’Italia umbertina [The city of hygienists. Health reforms and utopias in Umbertine Italy]","authors":"Filippo De Pieri","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157158","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989, Guido Zucconi published La città contesa (The disputed city), a book that quickly became a key reference for Italy’s planning historians. Here Zucconi traced the debates on cities in Italy between the late nineteenth century and the Second World War, focusing on the competition between important cultural and professional figures and the changing ways of understanding urban challenges. The book shows how early positivist approaches to urban reform based on statistical and medical knowledge over time were supplanted by approaches connected with the leadership of architects-planners, hybrid figures that had emerged from the newly created schools of architecture and capable of blending artistic, historical, and technical expertise. More than three decades after, in La città degli igienisti, Zucconi returns to the same topic by developing what was originally the first chapter of his inquiry, dedicated to the ‘hygienists’. His new research is a highly detailed and documented analysis of the emergence of urban hygiene in late nineteenth-century Italy, set within the context of European policies, practices, and theories. The work focuses on the reign of king Umberto I (1878-1900) and, more specifically, on the period during which Francesco Crispi was head of government (1887-91 and 1893-96). Under Crispi’s rule, Italy promoted several ambitious reforms regarding public health and hygiene, with the approval of a general law on the matter (1888) and the incorporation of a state direction and a specialization school. A key personality behind such initiatives was Luigi Pagliani, a professor at the University of Turin who defended the idea that ‘sanitary engineers’ were to become central figures in Italy’s newly designed system. These future experts – neither physicians nor engineers, but a mixture of both – were called to contribute to an all-embracing renovation of the built environment according to scientific principles. Over the course of the nineteenth century, public hygiene had been chiefly an urban issue. Italy was touched by several waves of cholera epidemics, which led, for example, to the approval of a hygiene law for Naples in 1885. The law put in place special measures to facilitate the demolition and reconstruction of urban sectors deemed unhealthy. Other municipalities were able to take similar measures, as this law was instrumental in the diffusion of neo-Haussmannian strategies of slum clearance. Zucconi shows how these interventions were supported by a plurality of tools for urban analysis and reform, such as the systematic collection of statistical information, the identification and mapping of emerging diseases, and the elaboration of new building regulations. The municipal reform passed in 1889 introduced specific competencies within city administrations, which were asked to draft hygiene regulations and put in place dedicated bureaucracies. The book offers a rich and nuanced analysis of Crispi’s reforms and the premises upon whi","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"229 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new urban aesthetic: digital experiences of urban change","authors":"Gunter Gassner","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"225 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instituições de Urbanismo no Brasil, 1930-1979 [Institutions of Urbanism in Brazil 1930-1979]","authors":"Leandro Benmergui","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"227 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not wholly belonging: British planning’s uncertain European connections","authors":"S. Ward","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2156067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2156067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article takes a long view of British planning’s connections with continental Europe, locating Brexit within historic uncertainties about the country’s international outlook, interests and position. In 1948, Churchill portrayed Britain at the intersection of three ‘great circles’: the British Empire, the wider English-speaking world (principally the USA) and Europe. This notion is drawn on to show how the strong earlier European links of British planning were seriously disrupted or severed by twentieth-century wars. These drew both country and planning approach closer to its ‘distant friends’ within the other ‘great circles’. As former imperial ties faded and the USA relationship became less special, Britain looked again to Europe but without shedding these habitual links. Even after Britain joined the European Communities in 1973, its strongest international planning connections remained with the USA and its former Empire and Dominions. In the 1990s, the EU promoted spatial planning but Britain remained largely aloof until the ‘New Labour’ governments of 1997–2010. Yet growing Euroscepticism saw this relative enthusiasm fade, with Brexit reviving uncertainties, now about whether EU approaches should be jettisoned and a more deregulated planning system created. The article predicts (or at least hopes) that current anti-Europe thinking will itself fade.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42417465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replanning the central area of Wakefield, West Yorkshire: culture and regeneration, 1990–2021","authors":"Barry Goodchild","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2142841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2142841","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Towns and cities in the industrial and former coal mining areas of England have often struggled to cope with economic restructuring. This article offers a near contemporary history of the central area of one such city, where culture has become a key device for promoting development and regeneration. Three episodes of policy are distinguished: from 1990 to about 2011, the emergence of a twin-track economic strategy that combined out-of-town business parks with the remodelling of the central area partly on ‘Urban Renaissance’ principles: from 2011 onwards, continued city centre decline when previous investments had little economic impact; and after about 2020, a process of re-orientation; and as part of this, a reinvigorated attempt to rebrand the city, albeit within the continuing framework of the twin-track strategy. A reflexive methodology is used to construct the narrative. That methodology enables a joint consideration of discourse and economic realities, showing how place, branding, and planning come together in representational logics that generate both supportive and counter narratives.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"1019 - 1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44723394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the bridges: the Black Cultural Association in São Paulo, urban planning and the contours of the white city","authors":"Annalisa Barone","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2152080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2152080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In São Paulo, the presence of the Black population in urban space is not reflected in official data. However, urban plans and projects had a great impact on this group since the birth of urbanism. The city growth process throughout the twentieth century operated a silent removal of Blacks from neighbourhoods around the historical centre related to social and economic factors, without being reported or discussed. This removal was widely supported by the scarcity of official data on their location and characterisation. Segregation contributed to increasing the distance from their homes to the centre, perpetuating the difficulties of social mobility, and reproducing their state of poverty. By retrieving data contained in the archives of the Associação Cultural do Negro (Black Cultural Association), collated with the report on urban planning published by the City Hall in 1961, I will show the displacement of Black people's housing outside the wealthiest central neighbourhoods and its relationship with the urban policy implemented in the period. In the order established by this policy, bridges became elements of connection with the distant neighbourhoods, allowing segregation through the expulsion of Blacks from the most privileged areas, located between the main urban rivers.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"855 - 876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The water heritage of China: the polders of Tai Lake Basin as continuing landscape","authors":"Yi-Wen Wang, J. Pendlebury, C. Nolf","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2135131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2135131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the long history of planned water and landscape management in China, focusing on the Tai Lake Basin located in the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta. To position this polder landscape within the broad spectrum of water heritage in China, the paper examines the historical perceptions and symbolism of water and its decisive role in shaping Chinese outlooks on empire, urban settlements and landscapes. It then delineates the evolution of polder landscapes in the Tai Lake Basin, which has been recurrently transformed since the fifth century BCE through to their contemporary condition. Despite changing material forms, the polder landscapes in the region evidence continuous endeavour to manage water for both productive (food) and preventive (flood) purposes. The latter part of the paper considers to what extent these polder landscapes might now be considered as a ‘continuing landscape’ – an organically evolved cultural landscape reflecting the changing needs of society, economy, government as well as flood prevention. Today, with few features that are materially historical, their continued existence has been threatened by urbanization, land consolidation and agricultural modernization. The paper advocates historically informed landscape planning to safeguard these dynamic and adaptive agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"949 - 974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}