HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care最新文献

{"title":"Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile in HIV-Infected and Non-Infected Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Design, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Shiferaw Woyesa,&nbsp;Aklilu Mamo,&nbsp;Zeleke Mekonnen,&nbsp;Gemeda Abebe,&nbsp;Esayas Kebede Gudina,&nbsp;Tesfaye Milkesa","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S339539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S339539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that are essential for the transport of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fat-soluble vitamins. The linkage between chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus and HIV infection increases the complication of the diseases and worsens the clinical outcome of the patients.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess and compare lipid and lipoprotein profiles among HIV-infected and non-infected diabetic patients, and to identify independent predictor variables for abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study design was used to carry out the research, and a convenient sampling technique was used to include 96 adult diabetic patients (48 HIV-infected and 48 non-infected diabetics). Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Five milliliter blood sample was collected and processed for lipid and lipoprotein profile measurement. Multivariate and bivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictor variables for abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia was 41.7% and 37.5% in HIV-infected and non-infected diabetic patients, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was more commonly detected among HIV-infected diabetic patients than non-HIV-infected, 25.0% versus 18.8%, respectively. Similarly, hypertriglyceridemia was more commonly observed in HIV-infected (31.3%) than non-infected diabetic patients (20.8%). About 25.0% HIV-infected diabetic patients had combined hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia plus hypertriglyceridemia); and about 4.2% had hypoalphalipoproteinemia or isolated low HDL-C. Being female and long duration of diabetes mellitus were independent predictor variables for abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles in HIV-infected patients. Similarly, being female and high blood pressure were independent predictor variables in non-HIV-infected diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High prevalence lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities were detected in HIV-infected diabetic patients even though the abnormalities were also common in non-HIV co-morbid diabetic patients. Hence, proactive screening and treatment of blood glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein abnormalities are critically important and should be part of comprehensive HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1119-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/5d/hiv-13-1119.PMC8713717.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39652640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D in Ethiopian HIV-Infected Adults.","authors":"Abebe Muche Belete,&nbsp;Alemu Adela Tefera,&nbsp;Mekasha Getnet,&nbsp;Adisu Asefa,&nbsp;Yared Asmare Aynalem,&nbsp;Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S345827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S345827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypovitaminosis D is associated with bone fracture and cardiovascular disease in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Currently, there are few data on the magnitude of hypovitaminosis D in people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan country. Therefore, the present study determines the magnitude of hypovitaminosis D in people living with HIV and its associated factors in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 adult people living with HIV at Debre Berhan Specialized Hospital. Serum vitamin D was measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and p-value <0.05 was used to identify the associated factors of hypovitaminosis D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 129/171 (75.4%), with 11/171 (6.4%) having vitamin D deficiency and 118/171 (69%) having vitamin D insufficiency. Female sex was significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D (AOR: 3.01, 95% CI = 1.381-6.561, P = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found a high burden of hypovitaminosis D among adult people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Female sex was associated with hypovitaminosis D.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1101-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/5c/hiv-13-1101.PMC8710583.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39652638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Inventory Management Practice of Antiretroviral Drugs in Public Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Fenet Gemechu,&nbsp;Mihret Ayalew,&nbsp;Bereket Bahiru Tefera,&nbsp;Temesgen Mulugeta,&nbsp;Azmeraw Bekele","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S337479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S337479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The right to safe and effective treatment is an exclusive right that depends on the robustness of the domestic health care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01 to February 01, 2020. Ten eligible hospitals and 12 randomly selected health centers were parts of this study. A total of 66 RRFs and 308 bin cards were reviewed. Data were collected through observation, record and report review, and physical count using an observational checklist. In addition, 44 semi structured interviews were conducted. The collected data were entered to MS Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS (version 20) software. The correlation test result was determined statistically significant at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two public health facilities were included in the study of which 16 (72.72%) health facilities had at least one stock out. Availability of ARVs had very strong positive correlation ship with bin card updating practice (<i>r</i>=0.9 1, P<0.01), inventory accuracy rate (<i>r</i>=0.912, P<0.015) and very strong negative correlation ship with wastage rate (<i>r</i> = -0.66, P<0.001). The wastage rate due to expiration and loss was 3.9%. The mean bin card accuracy was 90.6%. RRF reports were accurate 17 (77.3%), complete 7(32%) and reported on time 14 (63.64%). Only 8 (36.36%) health facilities met acceptable storage conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The availability of bin cards and reports and resupply forms was promising, but the data quality remains low. The majority of health facilities did not meet acceptable storage conditions and had frequent stock-outs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1091-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/cb/hiv-13-1091.PMC8710079.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39652637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Exercise for Older People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Levin Chetty, Saul Cobbing, Verusia Chetty","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S336886","DOIUrl":"10.2147/HIV.S336886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Improvements in physical, mental, and overall quality of life are well documented in younger HIV populations who exercise. Exercise guidelines exist for younger HIV populations, but none for older people living with HIV (OPLWH), especially 50 years of age and older. Our aim was to map the existing literature on the effects of exercise and physical activity prescriptions for OPLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review using the methodological framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Online searches on five research databases yielded 503 published articles. Fifteen studies met the study's inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most commonly used parameters of exercise included aerobic and strength training, as well as a combination of both. The physical, psychological and Quality of Life (QoL) impact of physical activity and its effect on OPLWH is evidently beneficial. Overall, a positive correlation between exercise and physical, mental and functional status was observed. No adverse side effects, or safety and efficacy concerns, during the use of exercise were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review confirms the dearth of evidence on physical activity and exercise in the context of OPLWH. Of greater concern is the fact that there were no studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, the global region with by far the highest HIV burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1079-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/e8/hiv-13-1079.PMC8702781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Parasitosis and its Association with CD4+ T Cell Count and Viral Load among People Living with HIV in Parasite Endemic Settings of Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Eseye Dereb,&nbsp;Markos Negash,&nbsp;Takele Teklu,&nbsp;Debasu Damtie,&nbsp;Aberham Abere,&nbsp;Firehiwot Kebede,&nbsp;Yalemwork Ewnetu,&nbsp;Eyuel Kasa","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S328269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S328269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study intestinal parasitosis and its association with viral load and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-infected individuals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. Three hundred and sixteen study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined using direct saline, formol ether concentration technique and modified acid fast staining. CD4+ T cell counts and viral load were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (BD FACS) and COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HI2CAP assay, respectively. Data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using a binary logistic regression model. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 24.7% (78/316). The most commonly detected parasite was <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species with 5.4% (17/316), followed by <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> with 5.1% (16/316). There was a significant association with low CD4+ T cell count (AOR: 3.207; 95% CI: 1.237, 8.317), high viral load (AOR: 2.933; 95% CI: 1.326, 6.489), individuals aged 31-40 years (AOR: 0.305; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.751) and individuals aged 41-50 years (AOR: 0.261; 95% CI: 0.101, 0.671).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was high and was associated with low CD4+ T cell count and high viral load. Therefore, screening of HIV patients, especially those with low CD4+ T-cell count and high viral load, particularly for opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections would be of utmost importance in the efforts to prevent and control opportunistic infections in HIV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1055-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/62/hiv-13-1055.PMC8685387.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39836899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, and Socioeconomic Conditions of People Living with HIV in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Teguh Harjono Karjadi,&nbsp;Suzy Maria,&nbsp;Evy Yunihastuti,&nbsp;Alvina Widhani,&nbsp;Nia Kurniati,&nbsp;Darma Imran","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S333469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S333469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of people living with HIV (PLWH) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the pandemic's impact on their socioeconomic conditions, antiretroviral adherence, and worries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in May-August 2020 at the Integrated HIV Center of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia. The data were collected using an online questionnaire and an offline paper-based questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 545 subjects participated in this study, 72.8% (397) of which were male. Most subjects were middle-aged (36-55 years old) (66.5%). Many subjects reported to have experienced reduced incomes (49.2%) or losses of income (22.4%), while 15.6% reported losing their job during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most subjects (97%) wished to continue treatment despite the many obstacles, and the subjects' knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention was considerably good. More than 70% of subjects reported that they have been implementing the general precautions of the COVID-19 pandemic: maintaining distance, wearing a mask, washing hands, and avoiding crowds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides an overview of what PLWH are experiencing, which will allow for policy-making that can help them continue their treatment with consideration of the possibility of having to live a \"new normal\" future.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1045-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/3e/hiv-13-1045.PMC8685388.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39748769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Virological Failure Among HIV-Infected Children on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Awoke Shumetie,&nbsp;Nurilign Abebe Moges,&nbsp;Muluken Teshome,&nbsp;Getnet Gedif","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S334067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S334067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral load monitoring is a golden indicator for diagnosing treatment failure in patients with HIV. HIV-infected children are considered a priority group for routine viral load monitoring. Globally, the World Health Organization recommends 95% of HIV patients have viral suppression. Factors leading to virological failure are not well understood and studied. This study aimed to determine virological failure among HIV-infected children on first-line antiretroviral therapy in the West Gojjam Zone, Amhara region. Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was carried out from October 1 to October 15, 2020, among HIV-infected children on first-line antiretroviral therapy. The study included 94 cases and 276 controls, with a total sample size of 370 out of 378 HIV-infected children. A structured English version checklist was used to collect data through chart review. The data were entered using Epi-data 4.2 and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were conducted to summarize the sample characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to describe each explanatory variable's association with the outcome variable. A bivariate analysis with a p-value < 0.25 was selected for multivariate analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was conducted, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-disclosure (AOR = 4.26; 95% CI: 2.09, 8.70), baseline viral load >1000 copies/mL (AOR = 10.82; 95% CI: 5.4, 21.67), recent poor adherence (AOR, 6.05, 95% CI, 1.70, 21.55) and missed clinical appointments (AOR = 8.03; 95% CI: 3.88, 16.65) were factors independently associated with virological failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disclosure of HIV status of patients early, according to their age and adherence to counseling, should be emphasized. Efforts should be strengthened to trace back for missed clinical appointments and strictly follow-up with antiretroviral (ARV) medication for a baseline viral load >1000 copies/mL that helps to boost immunity and suppress viral replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1035-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/35/hiv-13-1035.PMC8684387.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors Among Exposed Infants in Pastoralist Health Facilities, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 - A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kidist Tadewos, Mekonen Adimasu, Erdaw Tachbele","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S332904","DOIUrl":"10.2147/HIV.S332904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although HIV/AIDS is affecting all age groups, it is a primary cause of illness and deaths among children globally. A significant bulk of HIV infections in children under the age of 15 were as a result of vertical transmission, where it accounts for 95% of childhood HIV infections in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the proportion of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and associated factors among exposed infants on follow-up in pastoralist health facilities, South Omo, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional study was employed among 228 HIV-exposed infants. Medical records of HIV-exposed infant-mother pairs in the study institutions were extracted. The confirmatory HIV serostatus of every infant was taken at the end of 24 months. Data were entered in Epi Data 4.2 version and exported to SPSS version 25 for final analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictor variables at P-value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 228 records were included in the analysis. The rate of HIV transmission was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.6-8.3%). Not receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis at birth (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI: 1.02-33.53), absence of maternal antiretroviral prior to current pregnancy (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.14-28.1), and mother's advanced World Health Organization clinical stage of HIV (AOR: 10.5, 95% CI: 1.4-81) were associated with MTCT of HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified a high proportion of MTCT among exposed infants in the study area. Not receiving antiretrovirals prior to pregnancy and advanced WHO clinical stage of HIV, and not getting antiretroviral prophylaxis at birth resulted in higher risk of MTCT of HIV. Hence, health workers and policy-makers should offer antiretroviral prophylaxis, put mothers on antiretroviral therapy and limit the stage of HIV at lower WHO clinical stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"1015-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/51/hiv-13-1015.PMC8668224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39609540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral Therapy and Retention in Care Experiences and Needs of Adolescents Living with HIV in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Abayneh Tunje,&nbsp;Degu Jerene,&nbsp;Inger Kristensson Hallström","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S339413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S339413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents with HIV are faced with challenges when taking care of their medication, which affects their treatment adherence. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of adolescents living with HIV regarding their antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care in southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An inductive qualitative study design was applied to explore adolescents' experiences and needs regarding antiretroviral treatment adherence and retention in care in southern Ethiopia. Eighteen adolescents were selected from five HIV care and treatment facilities by purposive sampling. The interviews followed an interview guide, translated into the participants' national language. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and the first author developed a coding frame for the analysis by using NVivo software including meaning units and codes, which were discussed by all authors. Then, sub-themes and themes were identified and analyzed by qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results were described in two themes: barriers and facilitators for treatment adherence and retention in care. Barriers were described in seven subthemes and facilitators in three subthemes. Forgetting to take medication, hiding information, or non-disclosure of HIV status, being afraid to collect treatment drugs, being in an orphanage, and school activities were described as barriers while support from health care workers, families, personal motivation to cope with medication-related problems were described as facilitators for antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence is a major challenge among adolescents living with HIV in Ethiopia, with barriers that are unique to this age group and their living conditions. Therefore, interventions should be targeted to address privacy barriers, stigma, and lack of support.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"999-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/e1/hiv-13-999.PMC8631828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39799639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive People in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia: Claim of Universal Test and Treat.","authors":"Lami Bayisa,&nbsp;Tesfaye Abera,&nbsp;Diriba Mulisa,&nbsp;Getu Mosisa,&nbsp;Alemnesh Mosisa,&nbsp;Tadesse Tolosa,&nbsp;Ebisa Turi,&nbsp;Bizuneh Wakuma,&nbsp;Eba Abdisa,&nbsp;Diriba Bayisa","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S327967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S327967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV continuum of care demands early ART initiation for all HIV-infected individuals. Early ART initiation reduces onward HIV transmission facilitating rapid viral suppression. Despite this, delayed ART use is a challenge among newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals, and there is limited evidence on time to ART initiation among this group in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess time to ART initiation and its predictors among newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 518 newly diagnosed HIV-positive people from September 5, 2016 to December 20, 2020 at Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia. Data were collected from ART intake forms, registration log books and patient charts. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0 was used for analysis. Survival probability was checked graphically by Kaplan-Meier curve and statistically by Log rank test. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox Proportional hazards regression models were conducted to identify the predictors of ART initiation. Hazard ratio with 95% CI and p-value of <0.05 was used to declare a statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By the end of the follow-up, 371 (71.6%) individuals had initiated ART with an overall incidence rate of 51.9 per 1000 [95% CI: 54.07-66.32] person days; median time to ART initiation was 4 [IQR: 1-9] days. Being female (AHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.67), urban dwellers (AHR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.37-2.97), having baseline OIs (AHR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.60-4.30); being tested via VCT (AHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.74); linked from OPD (AHR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.85); disclosing HIV sero-status (AHR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.17-3.68); and college and above education level (AHR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00-2.0) were identified as significant predictors of early initiation of ART.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion and incidence of ART initiation was high; a short median time to ART initiation was revealed in this study. Strictly screening OIs, encouraging HIV sero-status disclosure and voluntary HIV testing are recommended to increase early ART initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46555,"journal":{"name":"HIV AIDS-Research and Palliative Care","volume":"13 ","pages":"959-972"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/3d/hiv-13-959.PMC8519411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39541306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}