Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena最新文献

{"title":"MUJERES MAPUCHE EN LA DIÁSPORA Y EL RETORNO AL WALLMAPU: ENTRE MICRO-RESISTENCIAS DE GÉNERO Y DESPOJOS COLONIALES","authors":"Alicia Rain-Rain, M. P. I. Llombart, Enrico Mora-Malo","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005001004","url":null,"abstract":"La ocupación forzada del territorio histórico mapuche, Wallmapu, por la campaña militar chilena llamada Pacificación de La Araucanía, propició el desplazamiento forzado de personas mapuche hacia las ciudades. Desde una perspectiva analítica y política, en este artículo se analizan las experiencias de mujeres mapuche que se han desempeñado en el trabajo doméstico en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, lugar de mayor asentamiento urbano de mujeres mapuche a nivel país. Se trata de un estudio etnográfico multisituado que contempla las regiones del Biobío, La Araucanía y Los Ríos, y la ciudad de Santiago. La perspectiva metodológica descolonizada y descolonizadora utilizada, involucró saberes y convenciones sociales propias mapuche. Las actoras fueron 32 mujeres mapuche que viven la diáspora y/o han retornado al Wallmapu. La estrategia metodológica incluyó observaciones participantes. Se entrevistó en profundidad a 20 mujeres. Se realizaron cuatro grupos de discusión en Santiago, y las regiones de La Araucanía y Los Ríos, que incluyó a 12 mujeres, más dos de las entrevistadas. Los hallazgos muestran continuidades coloniales en espacios laborales racializados, que se expresan en múltiples desgarros de clase, raza y género. Pero, de modo dialéctico hacen surgir subjetividades y micro-resistencias cotidianas que conforman identidades diaspóricas mapuche en las mujeres. Palabras claves: continuidad colonial, trabajo doméstico, mujeres Mapuche, interseccionalidad, micro-resistencias mapuche.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84553030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DE DESTERRADOS Y MARGINALES: RECONSTRUCCIÓN BIOARQUEOLÓGICA DE LA POBLACIÓN DE LA MISIÓN COLONIAL DE SAN JOSÉ DE LA MOCHA, CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE (SIGLO XVII AL SIGLO XIX)","authors":"P. Andrade, J. Dalenz, Alexia López-Concha, Katherine Fonseca-Aravena, Alexandra Pacheco-León, S. Santana, Marlene Martínez, Lía Leyton-Cataldo, V. Hunter","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005000502","url":null,"abstract":"espanolResumen: En 1685 ocurrio uno de los actos de desarraigo mas importantes en la historia colonial de Chile: el destierro forzado desde la Isla Mocha de mas de 500 personas hasta las cercanias de la ciudad de Concepcion, quedando bajo la tutela de los Jesuitas en la Mision San Jose de la Mocha que, con el paso de los anos, albergo tambien a aquellos considerados como marginales dentro de la sociedad colonial, hasta su desintegracion en el siglo XIX. A mas de 300 anos de este hecho, se recuperaron restos oseos de los antiguos habitantes de la Mision, en el sitio Quinta Junge, del sector Pedro de Valdivia, Concepcion. En el presente estudio damos a conocer los principales aspectos bioarqueologicos de los hallazgos de 127 individuos, distribuidos en 26 entierros primarios y 50 entierros secundarios, desde una perspectiva poblacional, presentando su estructura demografica, patrones de entierro, condiciones paleopatologicas y reconstruccion de dieta. Finalmente, reflexionamos sobre el rol social de la disciplina en la relacion con las comunidades de pueblos indigenas y sus reivindicaciones. EnglishAbstract: In 1685 one of the most important acts of uprooting in the colonial history of Chile took place: the forced exile from Mocha Island of more than 500 people to the outskirts of Concepcion, coming under the tutelage of the Jesuits in the San Jose de la Mocha Mission, which, over the years, also housed those considered outcasts in colonial society, until its disappearance in the 19th century. More than 300 years after this act, we were able to recover skeletal remains of the former inhabitants of the Mission, at the site Quinta Junge, in the area of Pedro de Valdivia, Concepcion. In this paper we present the main bioarchaeological aspects of the findings of 127 individuals distributed in 26 primary burials and 50 secondary burials from a demographic perspective, focusing on their demographic structure, burial patterns, paleopathological conditions and diet reconstruction. Finally, we reflect on the social role of the discipline in relation to indigenous communities and their claims.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GUANGALA HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE TORRE MARINA SITE, COASTAL ECUADOR","authors":"D. Ubelaker, Cassandra M. DeGaglia","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005000302","url":null,"abstract":"espanolResumen: La comparacion de datos esqueleticos y dentales que comprenden el Ecuador pre- y post-colombino revelan tendencias en la salud de las poblaciones a traves de tiempo y a lo largo de las regiones geograficas. Este articulo presenta nuevos datos del sitio de Torre Marina, ubicado en la tardia Guangala cerca de La Libertad en la costa Ecuatoriana. La muestra esta com- puesta por 79 individuos, de todas las edades, de 57 rasgos (caracteristicas). Aunque fragmentados, los restos recuperados proporcionan informacion sobre la composicion demografica de esta poblacion costera, asi como sobre la prevalencia de traumatismos y enfermedades. Los nuevos datos se presentan para su comparacion con las estadisticas previamente descritas sobre el Ecuador antiguo. EnglishAbstract: Comparative skeletal and dental data from periods spanning pre- and post-contact Ecuador reveal trends in the health of populations through time and across geographic regions. This paper presents new data from the Late Guangala site of Torre Marina near La Libertad on the Ecuadorean coast. The sample is comprised of 79 individuals, of all ages, from 57 rasgos (features). Although fragmentary, the recovered remains provide information about the demographic composition of this coastal population as well as the prevalence of trauma and disease. The new data are presented for comparison alongside previously reported statistics from early Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78340301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTRATEGIAS, ARGUMENTOS, LÍMITES Y POTENCIALIDADES EN LA DEFENSA PENAL EN LA ARAUCANÍA MAPUCHE DE CHILE","authors":"Marcelo Berhó, Wladimir Martínez","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005000201","url":null,"abstract":"espanolResumen: En el presente articulo se analiza el desarrollo de un caso de defensa penal realizado en La Araucania de Chile, en el que se condeno a un hombre mapuche por femicidio, el cual conto con la defensa especializada de la Defensoria Penal Mapuche el ano 2013. A traves del caso nos preguntamos en que consistio la defensa realizada, de que modo encaro la singularidad sociocultural, que marcos de referencia teorico-metodologicos y recursos juridicos incorporo en su argumentacion y que limites internos tuvo dicha practica en el orden del convencimiento juridico. El analisis considera las acciones de la defensa, la argumentacion y la asimilacion de categorias juridicas exculpatorias y categorias de comprension provenientes del universo cognitivo y medico mapuche. El valor de este caso radica en que, a traves de el, es posible reconocer una forma de defensa penal sociocultural y visualizar los limites y potenciales pedagogicos que esta tiene para una teoria y practica penal pluralista y transformadora en contextos multietnicos y multiculturales como el chileno actual. EnglishAbstract: This article analyzes the development of a criminal defense case that took place in Chile’s Araucania Region in 2013, and in which a Mapuche man was convicted of femicide. The man’s legal defense was provided by the specialized Mapuche Public Defender’s office. In this article we examine the legal defense provided to this man, the manner in which the specific socio-cultural conditions were taken into account, the theoretical and methodological frameworks and juridical resources considered in the defense’s arguments, and the internal limitations met by said arguments in terms of the judicial convic- tion. Our analysis covers the defense’s actions, the arguments presented by the defense, and the assimilation of exculpatory legal categories and of categories of understanding that are typical of the Mapuche cognitive and medical worldview. This case is especially interesting because it allows us to recognize a specific type of socio-cultural legal defense and to derive lessons that can inform a pluralistic and fair legal theory and practice in multi-ethnic and multi-cultural contexts such as the Chilean society today.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84883739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lenguas de Bolivia. Tomo IV. Temas Nacionales","authors":"M. Morando","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005000601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005000601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84180524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UN DESIERTO CONVULSIONADO, UNA REPÚBLICA ENCIERNES: CAUDILLISMO Y PUGNAS POLÍTICAS EN EL EXTREMO SUR DEL PERÚ (TARAPACÁ 1842-1858)","authors":"Luis Castro Castro","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562020005002802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562020005002802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79207946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JORGE ANÍBAL FLORES OCHOA, YACHAYRUNA (1935-2020)","authors":"H. Cortez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-73562020005002703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562020005002703","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82262397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAS CAMPANAS DE UNGALLIRE. MANUEL MAMANI Y EL PAISAJE SONORO ANDINO","authors":"A. Araya","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005001901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005001901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76962317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOBRE MONSTRUOS Y MERCANCÍAS: EL “ESPECTÁCULO” DE LAS BALLENAS EN LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX EN EL SUR DE CHILE","authors":"D. Quiroz","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005000401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005000401","url":null,"abstract":"espanolResumen: La ballena ha sido conceptualizada desde el Medioevo con la curiosa dualidad monstruo/recurso, la que se va a mantener en el pensamiento occidental por muchos siglos, sobre todo desde el comienzo de su explotacion comercial alla por el siglo X de la era cristiana. En Chile las ballenas eran vistas como “bestias marinas de inmensa grandeza” que en el siglo XVII no eran perseguidas pero las que varaban en sus costas eran muy bien aprovechadas. En el siglo XIX se las comienza a perseguir en forma sistematica para obtener, aceite, barbas, huesos y en muy menor medida, carne. La prensa de la epoca recoge un rico imaginario que contiene elementos muy diversos: un animal enorme y bravo, por ende monstruoso; heroicos balleneros en una actividad muy peligrosa; una batalla entre hombres y cetaceos; y grandes expectativas sobre la cantidad de dinero que generara la ballena. Pero tambien esta presente el “espectaculo muy animado” que implica la presencia de “muchos curiosos” admirando “la monstruosa ballena”. La referencia a “lo espectacular”, es decir, la atraccion que ejerce la ballena sobre las personas, es un elemento muy frecuente en las noticias publicadas en la prensa. EnglishAbstract: The whale has been perceived since the Middle Ages through the curious monster/resource duality, which will remain in Western thought for many centuries, especially since the beginning of its commercial exploitation in the 10th century of the Christian era. In Chile whales were seen as “marine beasts of immense grandeur” which were not hunted in the 17h century, even though those that stranded on the shores were very well used. In the 19th century they were systematically captured to obtain oil, baleen plates, bones and, to a lesser extent, meat. The press of the time picks up a rich imaginary that contains diverse elements: an enormous and fierce animal, therefore monstrous; heroic whalers in a very dangerous activity; a battle between men and cetaceans; and great expectations about the amount of money the whale will generate. But there is also the “very animated show” that involves the presence of “many curious onlookers” admiring “the monstrous whale”. The reference to “the spectacular”, that is, to the attraction that the whale exerts over people, is a very frequent element in the news published in the press.","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87264595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QHAPAQ ÑAN II, TALLER INTERNACIONAL EN TORNO AL SISTEMA VIAL INKAICO","authors":"Carlos Vicente Gonzalez Godoy, Christian Vitry Di Bello, Iván Muñoz Ovalle","doi":"10.4067/s0717-73562020005002002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005002002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46548,"journal":{"name":"Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84507135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}