International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Metabolomic Tool in Assessing Environmental Exposure","authors":"Michele P R Mendes, L. C. André","doi":"10.14302/issn.2690-0904.ijoe-21-3966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-0904.ijoe-21-3966","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the environment on the development of non-communicable chronic diseases has gained prominence in recent years. In this context, a new chemical exposure assessment strategy is needed that is capable of revealing multiple exposures, as well as reflecting the cumulative interaction between such environmental contaminants in the biological system. From this perspective, metabolomics emerges as a promising tool in this field of knowledge, since it is able to identify changes in metabolism and/or gene expression resulting from exposure to environmental factors. The aim of this study was to describe important concepts, as well as the steps that permeate the metabolomics analysis, and also to present some relevant works with the application of metabolomics in the assessment of chemical exposure. A literature review showed a significant increase in the use of metabolomics in environmental toxicology in recent years. This increase is mainly due to advances in analytical techniques and the improvement of data processing tools. However, this field of investigation remains little explored, especially with regard to the study of toxicity associated with chronic exposure to low levels of chemical agents. Thus, it is urgent that omic biomarkers can be used as a tool for decision-making, especially with a view to protecting, diagnosing and recovering human health.","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"99 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72374981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine and Ultrafine Particle Pollution Before and After a Smoking ban in the Catering Industry in Vienna","authors":"A. K. Sima, Anna-Lena M. Szettele, M. Neuberger","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2690-0904.IJOE-21-3736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2690-0904.IJOE-21-3736","url":null,"abstract":"In the catering industrytobacco smoke was the primary source of fine and ultrafine particles, which are well known for their health-damaging effects. As shown in studies, attempts to reduce passive smoking in the catering industry of Vienna, like separated smoking rooms, failed to reduce fine and ultrafine particle concentrations effectively. On November 1st 2019, an enlarged non-smoker’s protection law was introduced, including a total smoking-ban in the catering industry. 40 hospitality venues with areas for smokers and non-smokers before the ban had been selected as typical Viennese cafes, pubs, bars and discotheques to be sampled unannounced. Concentrations of fine particle mass (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) and ultrafine particle number (PNC) and lung deposited surface area (LDSA) could be measured before and after the introduction of the smoking-ban in 39 venues at nearly identical locations and under comparable circumstances. Results showed a statistically significant decline in both fine and ultrafine particle concentrations in the former smoking areas for all parameters as well as in the former non-smoking areas for PM2.5, PM1 and LDSA. After the ban concentrations in former smoking areas and non-smoking areas showed no significant differences any more. From these results the smoking-ban successfully removed particles from breathing air of guests and staff, however, some outliers in the study after the ban point to the necessity of repeated controls in Vienna. Also, outside Vienna the compliance with the law should be controlled in the Austrian hospitality industry.","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85964247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the level of Safety Considerations in Radiology Centers (North of Iran): Cross –Sectional Study","authors":"Vajiheh Keshavarz, S. A. Rahimi","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2690-0904.IJOE-21-3727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2690-0904.IJOE-21-3727","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose\u0000Providing health care is the basic right of people(1).\u0000\u0000Diagnostic radiology is one of the main procedures in health care services and proper benefiting from this technology is brought only under well planning and management(1).\u0000\u0000Supervision of the available condition and its comparison with the recommended standards is a key role in assessing assurance from the benefit of these instruments (2). Data show that more than 80% of patients referring to these hospitals need radiology image (3).Improper service causes repetition of radiography and even wrong diagnosis, as a results threatening health of the patients (3) lack of protective barrier leads to the exposure of the staff to X-ray which is obviously carcinogen us (4). It happens that the instruments are not working properly, like of symmetry in X-ray field, defects in collimators, lack of adjusting ray field and X-ray, low quality or defective developing machine, lack of proper protective barrier, using low quality film and drugs, lack of protective barrier for children, all of which cause severe hazards for the patients and staff (4).\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods\u0000The crucial aim of medical services is to provide the public with their needs which are very important. The sensitivity of such services is to such an extent that in case of lack of care, the hazards are too high. In evaluation of health services, the first thing is to evaluate the device used. Methods, efficiency, profits and their combination for prevention and eradication of diseases are also important. Therefore to gain this goal, it is necessary the obtain results comparable with recommended standards. The purpose of this study was to access the conditions of radiology units at Mazandaran University hospitals and compare them with the standards of ICRU NCRP and ICRP. Radiology unit is the most expensive section of any hospital for its instruments, manpower and space provided. In a study conducted in 51centers on radiology staff, radiography room and protective barrier, ray leakage, the outcome were 89%, 82%, 77% and 37% respectively. It was found that the condition of these centers regarding the protective barriers is very unsuitable due to unawareness of the leakage (5, 6).Considering the mentioned necessities, in this study, the condition of radiography centers affiliated to the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was studied for the type and the rate of problem, in order to provide a proper solving method.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Data were collected through, observation, interviewing and filling questionnaire. Results show that, the situations of the radiology units are for from international standard, to such an extent that it is matched clout 50%.\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The results showed that, none of the dark rooms are standard, and do not have proper alarm signal. In 63% of these units there no tiling system about staff protection from radiation.\u0000\u0000Defects in radiography room, protective barrier and lack looking rays were 60","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84142754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Highlights.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/JOM.0000000000002046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80520201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).","authors":"Ashley Maveddat, Haneen Mallah, Sanjana Rao, Kiran Ali, Samir Sherali, Kenneth Nugent","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2202","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has created a worldwide pandemic. Many patients with this infection have an asymptomatic or mild illness, but a small percentage of patients require hospitalization and intensive care. Patients with respiratory tract involvement have a spectrum of presentations that range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates to diffuse infiltrates with consolidation. Patients with the latter radiographic presentation have severe hypoxemia and usually require mechanical ventilation. In addition, some patients develop multiorgan failure, deep venous thrombi with pulmonary emboli, and cytokine storm syndrome. The respiratory management of these patients should focus on using low tidal volume ventilation with low intrathoracic pressures. Some patients have significant recruitable lung and may benefit from higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and/or prone positioning. There is no well-established anti-viral treatment for this infection; the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided emergency use authorization for convalescent plasma and remdesivir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. In addition, randomized trials have demonstrated that dexamethasone improves outcomes in patients on mechanical ventilators or on oxygen. There are ongoing trials of other drugs which have the potential to moderate the acute inflammatory state seen in some of these patients. These patients often need prolonged high-level intensive care. Hospitals are confronted with significant challenges in patient management, supply management, health care worker safety, and health care worker burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"157-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/2e/ijoem-11-157.PMC7740045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38523762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unforeseen Hazard of Masks Being in Vogue.","authors":"Anwita Sinha,&nbsp;Anchit Raj Singh","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2211","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2211","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/b3/ijoem-11-213.PMC7740052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38620116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aseptic Folliculitis in Freshwater and Marine Fishermen.","authors":"Vidal Haddad Junior,&nbsp;Luana Moraes Campos,&nbsp;Gabriela Roncada Haddad,&nbsp;Ana Letícia Rossetto,&nbsp;André Luiz Rossetto","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.2136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folliculitis is a common skin disease, usually benign, which causes inflammation and eventual infections of hair follicles. They may have an infectious etiology, mainly due to the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus; it also occurs due to localized irritation, such as in areas of skin friction and for long periods of immersion in water, as in athletes and workers who are continuously exposed to the aquatic environment. Herein, we report on two fishermen, from fluvial and maritime environments, who presented with chronic aseptic folliculitis associated with daily immersion of their lower extremities while exercising the profession and that regressed when there was a decrease in their contact with water.</p>","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"210-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/55/ijoem-11-210.PMC7740046.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38620115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids and Knowledge of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis among Medical and Allied Health Students in Northern Nigeria.","authors":"Bilkisu Z Iliyasu,&nbsp;Taiwo G Amole,&nbsp;Hadiza S Galadanci,&nbsp;Shahida S Abdullahi,&nbsp;Zubairu Iliyasu,&nbsp;Muktar Hassan Aliyu","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.2094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical students are at increased risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. However, little has been documented about their exposure to blood and body fluids and their knowledge of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in high-HIV burden settings, such as Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and predictors of BBF exposure and knowledge about PEP among medical and allied health students in northern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, 273 clinical students were asked to complete structured questionnaires. The prevalence of BBF exposure was determined. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of BBF exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the respondents (98.2%) had heard about PEP; 26.0% (n=71) had adequate knowledge about PEP. 76 (27.8%) of the 273 respondents reported accidental exposure to HIV. 230 (84.2%) respondents had positive attitude toward HIV PEP. Of those who had had accidental exposure to HIV (n=76), only 13% (n=10) received PEP. The level of knowledge about PEP was predicted by previous training (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.80 [\"no\" <i>vs</i> \"yes\"]), year of training (aOR 4.10, 95% CI 1.60 to 10.47 [6^th<i>vs</i> 4^th year]), course of study (aOR 4.69, 95% CI 2.06 to 10.68 [\"allied health\" <i>vs</i> \"clinical medicine\"]) and religion (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 1.40 to 20.71 [\"non-Muslim\" <i>vs</i> \"Muslim\"]). Similarly, accidental exposure was independently predicted by respondents' sex (aOR 2.55, 95% CI1.36 to 4.75 [\"female\" <i>vs</i> \"male\"]), age (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.15 [\"25-29\" <i>vs</i> \"20-24\" years]), ethnicity (aOR 2.15, 95% CI1.10 to 5.14 [\"others\" <i>vs</i> \"Hausa/Fulani\"]), course of study (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.38 [\"allied health\" <i>vs</i> \"clinical medicine\"]), and previous PEP training (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.78 [\"no\" <i>vs</i> \"yes\"]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One in four clinical students reported exposure to BBF. Most students expressed a positive attitude toward PEP, but knowledge and uptake of PEP was sub-optimal. We recommend strengthening training curricula for infection control and prevention and enhancing protocols for timely post-exposure evaluation and follow up for all exposure incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"196-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/da/ijoem-11-196.PMC7740050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38620114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"Reliability and Validity of an Adapted Questionnaire Assessing Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals among Health Care Workers in Bhutan\".","authors":"Priya Dutta,&nbsp;Varsha Chorsiya","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.2196","url":null,"abstract":"We read with great interest the article recently published in The IJOEM by Rai, et al, on the reliability and validity of a questionnaire for assessing occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals among health care workers in Bhutan. We really appreciate the efforts put by the authors for undertaking such a thought-provoking study that have pivotal role in occupational health of the developing countries. This paper well explained the importance of collecting valid and reliable occupational history data in estimating occupational exposures and work-related health effects. However, there are certain issues that need to be addressed. The title of the study creates a curiosity to learn about the reliability and validity of an adapted questionnaire. As the study process, the method tapers down the study into two stages (1) adaptation of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) questionnaire, and (2) test-retest reliability assessment Comments on “Reliability and Validity of an Adapted Questionnaire Assessing Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals among Health Care Workers in Bhutan”","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/e4/ijoem-11-215.PMC7740048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38620118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population.","authors":"Rahil Ghahramani, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Hamidreza Roohafza, Saeide Bahrani, Mohammad Talaei, Minoo Dianatkhah, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Masoumeh Sadeghi","doi":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2053","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijoem.2020.2053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factor, some novel risk factors like occupation and career can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between occupational categories and their positions with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in an Iranian male population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 2134 men aged 35-65 years for 14 years during the Isfahan Cohort Study (2001-2015) for CVEs including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Firstly, Occupations were classified into 10 categories of International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Each category was then classified into one of the 4 pre-specified categories, namely high/low skilled white collars and high/low skilled blue collars. White-collar workers referred to managerial and professional workers in contrast with blue collar workers, whose job requires manual labor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of studied participants was 46.9 (SD 8.3) years. 286 CVE incidents were recorded; unstable angina had the highest rate (46%); fatal stroke, the lowest (3%). There were no significant difference was observed between white and blue collars in terms of CVE incidence, as well as their high and low skilled subgroups. Hazard ratio analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of CVEs only for low-skilled white-collar workers (crude HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13); this was not significant after adjustment for confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is no association between occupational categories and incidence of cardiovascular events among Iranian male population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46545,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/0e/ijoem-11-179.PMC7740047.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38523763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}