Journal of Facilities Management最新文献

{"title":"Inclusiveness assessment tool for disabled persons in higher education facilities","authors":"A. M. Ahmad, Shimaa Abdelkarim, M. Al-Nuaimi, Nancy Makhoul, Lizmol Mathew, S. Garba","doi":"10.1108/jfm-08-2021-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-08-2021-0086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Globally, there is a growing proportion of disabled people as a result of different circumstances. This growth generates attention and leads to ways to integrate the affected population into society. Addressing such disability and integration is particularly important at buildings level, enabling and expanding the scope of activities for people with disabilities (PWDs). The rising number of PWDs and the need to integrate them into society create a need for action to improve their living condition and integration into society. This study aims to examine the issue of accessibility for PWDs in higher education facilities in Qatar.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Addressing accessibility at buildings level is particularly important in higher education because it enables inclusion in training and education and increases the potential for productive engagement in society. The study aims to develop an objective tool to assess and measure accessibility in educational institutions. Five selected buildings were examined and evaluated at Qatar University based on proximity, multi-use, vertical and horizontal circulation availability. The survey respondents were randomly selected. An existing assessment method was used in surveying respondents, including those with and without disabilities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A comparative study was conducted to explore the discrepancy between facility users with and without disability, indicating the gap in existing tools.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The developed tool generates the same outcome when conducted by different assessors, indicating the level of compliance and percentage met as a benefit, not a focus. It allows professionals and non-professionals with minimal experience to conduct the assessment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49610578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing organisational change in a digitalising facilities management organisation through stewardship interventions","authors":"Koos Johannes, Hans Voordijk, Ingrid Wakkee, Guillermo Aranda-Mena","doi":"10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0139","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>While digitalisation requires facilities management (FM) organisations to change at an increasing rate, little is known about the mechanisms that create ownership and enable individuals to implement changes in everyday FM practice. In this study, these mechanisms are explored from a stewardship perspective. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the dynamics of organisational change in FM by analysing how stewardship behaviour leads to change.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A process model for implementing organisational change is constructed, based on existing theoretical insights from stewardship and intrapreneurship literature. The model is evaluated in a case study through analysis of critical events. Interviewing was the key data collection method.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The process model gives an event-driven explanation of change through psychological ownership. Analysis of multiple critical events suggests that the model explains intra-organisational as well as inter-organisational change. The case data further suggests that, compared with intra-organisational change, tailored relational and motivational support is more important for inter-organisational change because of the higher risks involved. Job crafting emerged as an unanticipated finding that offers interesting prospects for future FM research.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The process model offers guidance for leaders in FM organisations on providing tailored support to internal and external employees during periods of organisational change.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Stewardship and intrapreneurship are combined to provide insights on organisational change in FM. The study demonstrates how intrapreneurial behaviour and stewardship behaviour can be linked to create innovation within and between organisations.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupant trust in indoor air quality in a large office building after an emergent wildfire","authors":"Amy Kim, Shuoqi Wang, Lindsay McCunn, Novi T.I. Bramono","doi":"10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0149","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to establish a reliable scale measuring occupants’ levels of environmental trust in their work settings’ indoor air quality and explore the relationship between occupants’ levels of environmental trust and their perceived control over the air quality in their workspace.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The authors conducted occupant surveys concerning indoor air quality in an office building, and collected corresponding indoor air quality measurements. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis results are reported to reveal occupants’ levels of environmental trust and perceived control.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Results reveal that psychological perceptions of indoor air quality can be quite neutral, even shortly after an extreme wildfire event resulting in very poor air quality in an urban area. Occupants’ sense of trust that their office building could protect them from harmful air outside, and their belief that the building could protect them from seasonal smoky conditions, each correlated positively with employees’ sense of control over the indoor air quality in their personal workspace.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This case study adds to an interdisciplinary understanding for facility managers and organizational leaders concerning a way to measure occupants’ sense of control over the indoor air quality in their building, as well as their environmental trust in terms of how protected they feel from harmful air quality conditions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing stressors, stress and strain faced by facility managers","authors":"Florence YY Ling, Elsie Kai Ying Mok","doi":"10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigate how to manage the stressors that facility managers (FMs) face with the aim of reducing their stress and strain levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, stressors are operationalized from job demands, job resources and personal resources constructs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from FMs based in Singapore.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000FMs have significantly high levels of stress, but they are able to manage this well. Job demands that cause stress and strain are those relating to insufficient time to complete the work and difficulties in handling the work. The lack of job resources in terms of lack of organizational support and inadequate stress mitigation programs are associated with high levels of stress and strain.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The limitations are the relatively small sample size and absence of a database of FMs in Singapore, and correlation is not causation when determining the association between stressors and stress and strain.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Based on the recommendations, employers and FMs may manage the specific stressors identified so that FMs’ stress and strain levels are under control to enable them to work optimally.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research discovered that the JD-R model is moderated by certain features of facilities management and FMs. When these features are present, FMs are predisposed to more stressors, and higher stress and strain. For the facilities management profession, the discovery is that there are significantly more job demands: for in-house FMs compared to those working for outsourced firms; for FMs who need to carry out estate and asset management, landlord activities and facility planning compared to FMs who focus on operations and maintenance; and for FMs who work longer than five days compared to those who work a five-day week.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential functionality and workability of blockchain within a building information modelling (BIM) environment","authors":"Jin Hong Tan, Siaw-Chuing Loo, Nurshuhada Zainon, Nur Mardhiyah Aziz, Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim","doi":"10.1108/jfm-10-2021-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-10-2021-0131","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Although building information modelling (BIM) brings various benefits and open up the construction industry to many new possibilities, it is not without some challenges. Blockchain has the potential to resolve some of these problems. It has shown that blockchain and BIM can potentially work together in bringing various benefits to all project stakeholders. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge in relation to blockchain-based BIM. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to close this gap by looking into the potential functionality and workability of blockchain within a BIM environment.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A four-stage preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses systematic literature review technique has been used to review the blockchain- and BIM-related information sources published. A total of 53 journal articles, 13 books and 27 other resources including that of reports and websites have been included in this paper.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Blockchain-based BIM has countless possibilities, ranging from simple tasks such as tracking of orders to automation of construction payment claims. The literatures have suggested that the several weaknesses that BIM possesses including trust issue, asset ownership issue and data reliability issue could be resolved by incorporating blockchain into its processes.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Because of the lack of researches on the workability of blockchain and BIM, this paper aims to close this gap by proposing a framework for the interaction between blockchain and BIM for a typical building project. This paper has reviewed a substantial amount of currently available knowledge on blockchain-based BIM and its relevancy to the construction industry. This paper believes that the information could be of use to potential BIM tools maker and the construction industry for the betterment of BIM implementation throughout a project life cycle.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to the green retrofitting of existing residential buildings","authors":"C. Amoah, Jeanne A. Smith","doi":"10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine the challenges for green retrofitting implementation in existing residential buildings to lower the running cost and achieve a better energy-efficient system.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study adopted a qualitative approach by interviewing conveniently selected 16 construction professionals, made up of architects, quantity surveyors and engineers. Data received were analysed using the content analysis method.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings revealed that the main barriers to incorporating green retrofitting in the existing residential buildings as the nature of the existing structures, limited knowledge, not being a priority and high costs involved in the process. Moreover, other factors influencing property developers’ decision to apply energy-efficient principles in a residential home include cost (initial capital and maintenance), level of knowledge, nature of the climate in the area, local legislation, more independence and increasing the property’s market value and environmental aspect.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This study is limited to South Africa; thus, the literature available was limited.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000People’s perceptions, either wrong or correct, affect their ability to make an informed decision to adopt green retrofitting principles, thereby denying them the opportunity to reap the associated benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the construction industry stakeholders and government to increase educational opportunities for property owners on the importance of green retrofitting.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study provides the occupants with the possible barriers and problem areas with implementing these principles. They will thus make an informed decision when implementing sustainable design methods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45394819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the influential factors on the effectiveness of industrial parks and using an MCDM method to rank them: case study of Iran","authors":"Farshad Moghimi, V. Baradaran, A. Hosseinian","doi":"10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-12-2021-0151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to detect the influential factors and their respective variables that affect the effectiveness or demand-driven level of the industrial parks in Iran. A hybrid procedure is sought to be developed, which embraces both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to identify the aforementioned factors and variables.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study is incorporated with both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. To implement the qualitative approach, the researchers used focus groups and the related literature. The quantitative methodology has been carried out via a reliable questionnaire that obtained the viewpoints of 700 experts. The reliability of the designed questionnaire has been investigated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. By conducting several one-sample t-tests, it was confirmed that the identified factors and variables are significantly influential on the effectiveness of Iran’s industrial parks. The Kruskal–Wallis statistical test was used to determine the priorities of the factors. This research also used a multi-criteria decision-making method, namely, the weighted aggregates sum product assessment (WASPAS) to rank 15 industrial parks of Khorasan province in Iran according to the identified factors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Comprehensive analyses have been conducted on the identified factors. Results indicate that the infrastructural facilities factor has the highest priority when it comes to affecting the effectiveness of the industrial parks. After that, industrial land and internal factors take the second and the third positions in terms of importance. A total of 15 industrial parks of the aforementioned province have been ranked by the WASPAS. The ranking offered by the WASPAS has been approved by the experts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Based on the literature investigations, the authors were convinced that there is a scarcity of studies investigating the influential factors that affect the effectiveness or demand-driven level of industrial parks (especially in Iran). Hence, this research has been conducted to propose a procedure equipped with quantitative and qualitative techniques that detect these important factors and their subordinate variables. By means of the developed procedure of this research, it is possible to locate future industrial parks, plan for establishment of future industrial areas and plan for development of current industrial parks.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delphi study for evaluating key risk factors inherent in public-private partnership (PPP) power projects in Ghana","authors":"A. S. Kukah, D. Owusu-Manu, E. Badu, D. J. Edwards","doi":"10.1108/jfm-09-2021-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-09-2021-0098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to evaluate the key risk factors inherent in public–private partnership (PPP) power projects in Ghana and further determine the critical risk factors affecting both the public and private sectors in PPP power projects.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Ranking-type Delphi survey in two rounds was conducted to establish a comprehensive list of critical risk factors of PPP. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques helped obtain experts for the Delphi survey. Mean score ranking, factor analysis, Cronbach α coefficient and Kendall’s concordance were used for analysis. The probability of occurrence and severity of each risk factor were computed to obtain the risk impact.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000From the list of 67 risks, 37 risk factors were deemed to be critical. The five topmost risk factors were: delay payment on contract, private investor change, political risks, fluctuating demand of power generated and public opposition. Principal component analysis grouped the risk factors into seven major themes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study develops an authoritative risk factor list for PPP power projects, which reflects both sector and country conditions for prioritizing and mitigating risk factors. Delphi approach adopted in this study can be used by future studies in similar environments where PPP is novel and expert respondents scarce.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of green building practices implementation in Africa","authors":"Andrew Ebekozien, C. Aigbavboa, W. Thwala, G. C. Amadi, Marvelous Aigbedion, Iliye Faith Ogbaini","doi":"10.1108/jfm-09-2021-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-09-2021-0096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review on encumbrances facing the implementation of GBP in selected African countries. Green building practices (GBP) implementation is germane and promotes the development of a green environment and buildings. Many studies have been conducted on the encumbrances faced with GBP implementation, especially in developing countries. But evidence of a comprehensive study that investigates and analyses these hindrances from different developing countries is missing. Therefore, a systematic review is conducted systematically reviewing the current literature on encumbrances facing the implementation of GBP in selected African countries. Also, the study proffers possible drivers for stakeholders to promote GBP in African countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A total of 38 published papers were identified from the Web of Science, Scopus database and supported with materials from Google Scholar related to Africa’s GBP. The continent was divided into five regions, and each region covered three countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Two themes emerged from the analysed review – encumbrances facing GBP implementation and possible drivers for stakeholders to promote GBP in African countries. A total of 18 encumbrances and 18 drivers were identified from the analysed literature and grouped into 6 sub-themes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Current empirical articles were reviewed to suggest the drivers for stakeholders to promote GBP that emerged from this paper. Thus, to enrich the results from this paper, primary source data of regional studies of GBP in Africa’s context should be carried out via the mixed-methods design.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000A total of 18 drivers were identified for stakeholders to promote GBP in Africa and form part of the paper’s implications. Also, the paper findings would serve as a treasured suggestion for the stakeholders (policymakers, construction practitioners, clients and academics) who are fascinated by the promotion of GBP across African nations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is possibly the foremost analysed systematic review study on GBP implementation in Africa. Therefore, it fills the theoretical gap and proffers possible drivers for stakeholders to promote GBP in the African context.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AS/R system travel time in class-based storage with different input-output point levels: a proposed formula","authors":"A. Hoshimov, A. C. Cagliano, G. Mangano, M. Schenone, S. Grimaldi","doi":"10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-11-2021-0145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to propose a simulation model integrated with an empirical regression analysis to provide a new mathematical formulation for automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) travel time estimation under class-based storage and different input/output (I/O) point vertical levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A simulation approach is adopted to compute the travel time under different warehouse scenarios. Simulation runs with several I/O point levels and multiple shape factor values.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The proposed model is extremely precise for both single command (SC) and dual command (DC) cycles and very well fitted for a reliable computation of travel times.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The proposed mathematical formulation for estimating the AS/RS travel time advances widely applied methodologies existing in literature. As well as, it provides a practical implication by supporting faster and more accurate travel time computations for both SC and DC cycles. However, the regression analysis is conducted based on simulated data and can be refined by numerical values coming from real warehouses.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This work provides a new simulation model and a refined mathematical equation to estimate AS/RS travel time.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Facilities Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}