Social Science History最新文献_第5页

Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926 1916-1926年马德里市的移民、贫困与婴儿和儿童死亡率

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.9

M. Oris, S. Mazzoni, Diego Ramiro-Fariñas

{"title":"Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926","authors":"M. Oris, S. Mazzoni, Diego Ramiro-Fariñas","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we study differential infant and child mortality according to the origin of the mothers, natives of Madrid or immigrants, between 1916 and 1926. From 1880 to 1939, Madrid experienced spectacular demographic growth, with a massive influx of immigrants, mainly from the Castilian Plateau. Using the city’s records of births and deaths, which we linked for the study period, we demonstrate an important spatial heterogeneity in infant and child mortality across the city. Although the development of the town was planned in the 1860s, the infrastructure and the real estate market were overwhelmed by the continuous arrival of new inhabitants. Moreover, major investments in public health increased the gap between the wealthy districts and peripheral areas. These improvements deepened inequality. During years marked by the waves of the influenza pandemic, we isolate the impact of poverty, which threatened the survival of newborns through poor nutrition, deficient hygienic infrastructures and deplorable housing conditions. Such features explain the impressive association between summer and the risk of dying from enteritis, diarrhea and other diseases of the same type among weaned children. However, the mortality differentials between the offspring of native and migrant mothers were surprisingly small, which we explained in terms of behavioral adaptation to the large city and its mass society.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infant and childhood death in the medical profession. Evidence from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Netherlands 医学界婴儿和儿童死亡。十九世纪和二十世纪初荷兰的证据

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.7

F. van Poppel, P. Ekamper

{"title":"Infant and childhood death in the medical profession. Evidence from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Netherlands","authors":"F. van Poppel, P. Ekamper","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper shows the effect that the medical expertise of medical practitioners had on the life chances of their children. We focus on infant and early childhood mortality. We reconstructed the life histories of the offspring of a group of around 2800 medical practitioners who were practicing in a high-mortality region in the Netherlands between 1850 and 1922, the period during which infant and child mortality in the Netherlands underwent the largest changes. The survival of their offspring is compared with that of a random sample of children from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands. Multilevel hazard analysis, using Cox proportional hazards models with shared frailty, is applied to study the effect of belonging to the medical profession on survival, in relation to the level of infant mortality in the regions where children were born. Within the group of medical practitioners, attention is paid to differences in children’s survival according to the level of medical knowledge of the fathers. Our statistical analyses show that the offspring of medical practitioners as a whole did have better survival prospects than children born to families without a father with a medical background. When medical practitioners had effective medical knowledge, measured by the period of graduation and the highest level of medical training reached, the positive effects on the survival of their children were even stronger.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47870354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal Places? Contextual Effects on Infant and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth Century England and Wales 致命的地方？20世纪初英格兰和威尔士婴儿和儿童死亡率的环境影响

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.5

A. Reid, E. Garrett, H. Jaadla, K. Schürer, S. Rafferty

{"title":"Fatal Places? Contextual Effects on Infant and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth Century England and Wales","authors":"A. Reid, E. Garrett, H. Jaadla, K. Schürer, S. Rafferty","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper takes, as its starting point, Preston and Haines’ observation in Fatal Years that social class was the most important influence on infant and child mortality in England and Wales in the early twentieth century. A subsequent study suggested that this could in part be due to the spatial distribution of the different classes across different types of place, and that some of the mortality differences by social class might actually reflect the contextual effects of healthy and unhealthy places. Although this line of argument has received a considerable amount of attention in health geography literature, it has rarely been examined for a specific historic period, and then only within particular urban areas. In this paper, we apply multi-level models to a complete count individual-level dataset of the 1911 census of England and Wales, comparing influences on infant and child mortality at the level of the individual couple and for two spatial levels. We find that although most variation in infant and child mortality operates at the individual level, there is also important variation at the two spatial levels and part of the mortality differences between social classes is better explained by the areas in which people lived rather than by their social class. A consideration of independent variables at all three levels suggests that different spatial scales capture different sorts of influences on early age mortality.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42568947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visions of deliverance: Social scientization, functionalism, and the expansive purposiveness of state schooling in nineteenth-century British parliamentary politics 解放的愿景:社会科学化，功能主义，以及19世纪英国议会政治中公立学校的扩张性目的

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.13

D. Smith

{"title":"Visions of deliverance: Social scientization, functionalism, and the expansive purposiveness of state schooling in nineteenth-century British parliamentary politics","authors":"D. Smith","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early in the nineteenth century, members in the UK Parliament (MPs) hardly ever debated education. When they did, it was nearly always in the context of aid for the religious instruction of the poor. Indeed, even by 1850, nearly two decades after the first Great Reform Act (1832), the Prime Minister Lord John Russell made the case that a system of compulsory state schooling would be immoral and un-British. Yet, by the ‘80s, MPs debating in Westminster routinely drew connections between schooling and the most critical social issues of the day: social-class mobility and equity, child welfare, national development, emigration, and the civil service, among others. What explains the expanding, and expansive, political uses that elite policymakers put to schooling? How did schooling and education take on such an aggrandized role in society for British statesmen? To address these questions, this paper combines natural language processing techniques, semantic network, discourse, and regression analyses to read and interpret the ∼1.1 million political speeches given in the UK Houses of Parliament during the long nineteenth century (1804–1913). In contrast to explanations emphasizing the direct role that economic, social, and political development as well as conflict played in the UK state’s historic expansion, this piece demonstrates how social scientization, the sweeping international epistemic movement that institutionalized and diffused functionalist social theory, created the context that made it possible for political elites to see and promote schooling as an effective policy instrument of greater cultural rationalization supporting the development of capitalist industrial society.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42516750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Migration, Kinship and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth-Century North America 二十世纪初北美的移民、亲属关系和儿童死亡率

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.11

Marie-Ève Harton, J. Hacker, D. Gauvreau

引用次数: 1

Racial Inequality in the Prime of Life: Infectious Disease Mortality in U.S. Cities, 1906–1933 壮年时期的种族不平等:1906-1933年美国城市传染病死亡率

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.4

Aja Antoine-Jones, J. Feigenbaum, Lauren Hoehn‐Velasco, C. Muller, E. Wrigley-Field

引用次数: 0

Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital: Belfast 1911 爱尔兰工业之都的宗教与儿童死亡：贝尔法斯特1911

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.6

F. Scalone, L. Pozzi, L. Kennedy

{"title":"Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital: Belfast 1911","authors":"F. Scalone, L. Pozzi, L. Kennedy","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ireland is often seen as an outlier within the western world in terms of demographic behavior. As a society it has also been noted for its religious fervor, including religious division, at least until fairly recently. Might there be connections historically between these two spheres? One intriguing area of enquiry relates to possible links between religious denomination and child mortality. We explore this possibility using individual-level data from the household schedules of the Irish Census of 1911. The study area is Belfast, Ireland’s leading industrial city, which allows for a wide range of occupational and social class differences. Combining regression techniques and the mortality index proposed by Preston and Haines (1991), we seek to tease out the relationship between child mortality and religious affiliation while controlling for a range of other explanatory variables. We show that religious identity is clearly associated with different infant and child mortality outcomes. Of the three major religious denominations, Catholics suffered the most from high infant mortality, Church of Ireland (Anglican) families were only a little better off, while the largest Protestant denomination, the Presbyterians, had the best infant mortality outcomes. These differences were related, in the main, to the varying socioeconomic composition of the three major religious denominations but religious affiliation also mattered in its own right.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction to Fatal Years 30 Years Later: New Research On Child Mortality in the Past Special Issue 《30年后的致命岁月》导论：过去特刊对儿童死亡率的新研究

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.8

M. Dribe, J. Hacker

引用次数: 0

World Wars and the Establishment of Welfare Ministries 第二次世界大战和福利部门的建立

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.50

K. Petersen, Carina Schmitt, Herbert Obinger

引用次数: 1

Abortion and Directive Genetic Counseling 流产和指导遗传咨询

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.43

M. Kearney

{"title":"Abortion and Directive Genetic Counseling","authors":"M. Kearney","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.43","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This multi-method study uses statistical and comparative-historical investigations to find that abortion values shape genetic counseling practices across societies. Genetic counselors and genetically interested social scientists have long questioned, but never systematically demonstrated, whether this relationship exists. Genetic counseling data are drawn from cross-national surveys of genetic counselors (n = 2,906) from the mid-1990s, the key historical moment after this profession was globally established but before potentially confounding transnational professional effects. Data focus on Trisomy 21, severe open spina bifida, and Huntington’s chorea. Abortion data are drawn from a new comparative-historical investigation of abortion attitudes in 36 countries based on law, frequency of policy debate, incidence rates, and public opinion polling. The key overall finding is that the more controversial abortion is within a society, the less directive genetic counselors are willing to be, whereas the less controversial abortion is, the more directive the counseling. Polynomial regressions, t-tests, likelihood ratios, and Wald tests provide statistical evidence for the relationship observed through qualitative clustering.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48963619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0