Salud Mental最新文献_第2页

Mental health and psychiatry: Distinctions, links, and ethical/bioethical perspectives 心理健康和精神病学:区别、联系和伦理/生物伦理观点

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.029

Alberto Perales, Renato D. Alarcón, Patrick Wagner-Grau

{"title":"Mental health and psychiatry: Distinctions, links, and ethical/bioethical perspectives","authors":"Alberto Perales, Renato D. Alarcón, Patrick Wagner-Grau","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Mental health and psychiatry have been terms of intense and complex use for almost a century, and they may have reached a critical level of ambiguous and imprecise synonymy that makes their definition and validation difficult. Objective. To examine these concepts in depth, establishing precise distinctions, ontological connections, and instrumental scope reinforced by well-defined ideas in ethics and bioethics. Method. Narrative review of pertinent literature, consultation with diverse scientific, medical, historical, philosophical, and literary sources, with appropriate analysis of ethical and bioethical practices. Results. A broad, comprehensive definition is elaborated of mental health as a field with sociocultural, political, and demographic implications, and of psychiatry as a medical specialty. In addition to making clear distinctions and describing the specific impact of both fields on diverse populations, various levels of conceptual linkages, sociopolitical action, and ethical content are highlighted, as well as in processes of administration, education, and research. Discussion and conclusion. There are factors that reinforce or weaken the scope of mental health and psychiatry, including their ethical and bioethical dimensions. Their effectiveness requires a reaffirmation of objectives and the reinforcement of individual and institutional initiatives, as well as the search for authentic connections and a social projection that is objective, comprehensive, and just.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the breakdown of psychiatry during nazism and the Nuremberg Code, to the materialist neuropsychological model in contemporary science and society: A bioethical analysis 从纳粹主义和纽伦堡法典期间精神病学的崩溃，到当代科学和社会中的唯物主义神经心理学模型:生物伦理分析

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.028

Francisco López-Muñoz, Francisco Pérez-Fernández

引用次数: 0

Chilean neurorights legislation and its relevance for mental health: Criticisms and outlook 智利神经权利立法及其与精神健康的相关性:批评与展望

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034

Isabel Cornejo-Plaza

{"title":"Chilean neurorights legislation and its relevance for mental health: Criticisms and outlook","authors":"Isabel Cornejo-Plaza","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Recently, the academic world has established a series of reconfigurations of emerging human rights, in order to safeguard the mental integrity of people exposed to neurotechnologies. The recommendations of different stakeholders and a literature review support regulation of these technologies. There are different proposals for regulation, some in soft law and others in objective law. The type of regulation chosen can have repercussions on clinical practice, research, and public policy. The constitutional enactment of neurorights in Chile has been criticized in the academic fields of neuroethics and law as having potential negative effects on mental health research. Objective. To analyze in light of the available literature whether the construction of neurorights could create ethical conflicts in the field of mental health, or if it could offer protection against the disruptive use of various neurotechnologies. Method. This analysis included a narrative review of studies included in the PsycInfo, Springer, JSTOR, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINALH, and Web of Science databases, without restrictions on language or year of publication. Results. The enactment of neurorights as hard law is found not to be detrimental to the field of mental health. Discussion and conclusion. This article argues that the regulation of neurorights does not threaten the framework of an ecosystem that uses neurotechnologies. On the contrary, such regulation offers protections to people within the complex system of neurotechnologies.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health as the moral dimension of health. Bioethics and dialogue in psychiatry and the behavioral sciences 心理健康是健康的道德层面。精神病学和行为科学中的生命伦理学和对话

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.027

Fernando Lolas Stepke, Liliana Mondragón-Barrios

引用次数: 0

Bioethics and advance directives in psychiatric in the hospital context 医院环境下精神病学的生命伦理学和预先指示

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033

Liliana Mondragón-Barrios, Fernando Lolas Stepke

{"title":"Bioethics and advance directives in psychiatric in the hospital context","authors":"Liliana Mondragón-Barrios, Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Mental health services have been a focus of human rights advocates and recent legal reforms in some Latin American countries, which have called for a change from the paradigm of hospitalization to one of accompanying and supporting the person with mental health issues, which make it possible to apply the Advance Directives in Psychiatry (PADs). This change will require time, as well as economic, material, and human resources, and transformations in attitudes, culture, and society, but the implementation of PADs cannot be postponed: they must be used to protect the autonomy of the persons affected, within a bioethical framework. Objective. Identify possible bioethical conditions in the prevailing conventional hospital context in Latin America that allow for an implementation of PADs. Method. A participant-observer study was carried out in two psychiatric hospital services from June to September 2022. Results. A thematic analysis found three themes: 1) clinical care, 2) patient predisposition, and 3) medical-legal questions. This study considered part of theme 2, including the following sub-themes: a) patient self-perception, b) biography/narrative versus diagnostic classification, and c) negotiation. Discussion and conclusion. Prominent among the sub-themes discussed are recognition of the values of autonomy and its elements in all of the expressions of the person with mental illness, as well as actions of the physician or health care team in synergy with supported decision-making, a distinctive feature of the anticipatory process of the PAD.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Normality and mental health: The ethical dimension 正常与心理健康:伦理层面

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.030

Fernando Lolas Stepke

引用次数: 0

Anthropological algology and bioethics 人类学、藻类学和生命伦理学

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.031

Fernando Martinez Pintor

引用次数: 0

Ethical and social issues in research on genetics and mental health 遗传学和心理健康研究中的伦理和社会问题

4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032

Eduardo Rodríguez-Yunta

{"title":"Ethical and social issues in research on genetics and mental health","authors":"Eduardo Rodríguez-Yunta","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To reflect on ethical and social issues related to research on the genetics of mental health. Method. A narrative review was undertaken of 87 articles found in three databases: Medline, Scopus, and Scielo. Keywords were defined broadly to capture as many relevant publications as possible. Data were summarized by topic. Results. The following topics were identified regarding the application of genetic and genomic tools to mental health disorders: problems with diagnosis, proper informed consent procedures, protecting confidential data, providing participants with research results, risk-benefit balance, equity and access, commercialization of genotyping, and prenatal testing. Discussion and Conclusion. Although a promising field, there is still much research needed on genetic approaches to mental health to achieve clinical relevance and predictive value, and more so in developing countries where there is little available data. Cost-benefit studies thus do not recommend genetic diagnoses in underdeveloped settings. Instead, local approaches should be enhanced. One limitation of research on the genetics of mental health is that it seeks biological causes for mental illnesses. However, the etiology of most mental health disorders is multifactorial, limiting the predictive value of genetic tests. Still, understanding the genetic origins of the biological pathways that lead to mental illness is important to diagnosis and therapy. Other problems discussed are enhancement of the informed consent process and counseling, protection of the right to know and not to know, and how the geneticization of disease is related to stigma.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The COVID-19 pandemic’s risk factors for depression among postgraduate healthcare students 2019冠状病毒病大流行对医护研究生抑郁的危险因素

IF 1.3 4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026

Fernanda Rocha Anjos de Oliveira Souza, V. F. D. Nascimento, M. Espinosa, S. Pillon, Christopher Wagstaff, A. C. P. Terças-Trettel

{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic’s risk factors for depression among postgraduate healthcare students","authors":"Fernanda Rocha Anjos de Oliveira Souza, V. F. D. Nascimento, M. Espinosa, S. Pillon, Christopher Wagstaff, A. C. P. Terças-Trettel","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The pandemic has generated challenges which impact the mental health of the population, including postgraduate healthcare students. Objective. To evaluate the factors associated with depression in postgraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This is a cross-sectional study with postgraduate healthcare students, with a sample of 117 participants. The data were collected through an online form, between September and November 2021, using semi-structured questionnaires with sociodemographic information and information regarding participants’ mental health, as defined by the DSM-5 Scale, where the depression domain was considered a variable for this study. The variables were tested using the Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance in the bivariate analysis between the dependent and independent variables (95% CI). Results. In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between depression and not having a partner, also a low monthly income, studying for a master’s or professional doctorate and having an employment relationship parallel to the postgraduate course. Regarding the mental health of the participants, the following factors were associated with depression: anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, mental disorder, memory, repetitive thinking, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use (p () .05). In the multiple analysis, it was found that mania, anxiety, and dissociation remained statistically associated with depression (p () .05). Discussion and conclusion. Factors associated with depression in this population raise the importance of mental health promotion interventions for postgraduate healthcare students, who seek help both through mental health services and through their universities.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74641026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors related to academic performance in medical students 医学生学业成绩的相关因素

IF 1.3 4区医学

Salud Mental Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024

José Benjamín Guerrero-López, A. M. Monterrosas, Carlos Reyes-Carmona, Araceli Arrioja Guerrero, Andrea Navarrete-Martínez, Felipe Flores Morones, M. Flores-Ramos, Héctor Fernando Hernández-Ruiz

{"title":"Factors related to academic performance in medical students","authors":"José Benjamín Guerrero-López, A. M. Monterrosas, Carlos Reyes-Carmona, Araceli Arrioja Guerrero, Andrea Navarrete-Martínez, Felipe Flores Morones, M. Flores-Ramos, Héctor Fernando Hernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Academic performance in medical students can be influenced by several factors, including those related to mental health and family relationships. Objective. To examine the factors affecting academic performance in medical students, specifically considering potential diagnoses of depression. Method. A survey was conducted among 747 fourth-year medical students. The survey included questions on sociodemographic variables, mental health, and well-being. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was utilized, encompassing sections on depression, anxiety, panic, eating habits, alcohol consumption, and the Stress Perception Scale. Academic performance was assessed based on students' Grade Point Average (GPA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a linear regression model were employed for data analysis. Results. The study revealed several variables significantly associated with GPA. Age (r = -.388), financial situation (r = .241), relationships with cohabitants (r = .165), and relationships with peers (r = .217) were found to have a correlation with academic performance. Additionally, repeating a course was found to be significantly associated with a person's GPA (r = .518) even after controlling for depression. Discussion and conclusion. The findings indicate that robust mental health, a favorable financial situation, and positive interpersonal relationships are crucial for achieving optimal academic performance in medical students. These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns, promote a supportive social environment, and provide financial assistance to enhance the educational outcomes of medical students.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0