Critical Studies on Terrorism最新文献

{"title":"Nixon’s War at Home: The FBI, Leftist Guerrillas, and the Origins of Counterterrorism","authors":"Brian Mullgardt","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2213961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2213961","url":null,"abstract":"tion. Complicating the Pakistani situation is the military’s prominent role in politics and government and its ambiguous relationship with terrorist organisations: fighting those who are its enemies and supporting those it uses to promote its own political agenda. Mediatised Terrorism itemises the many factors that have contributed to the media’s distorted coverage of terrorism. These include the need to dumb down highly complex issues into easily digestible narratives; the fact that most journalists do not have the time or resources to properly investigate what appear to be acts of terrorism and are forced to rely heavily on government sources; and the need to sensationalise stories to attract readers and please corporate media owners. In addition, in Pakistan investigative journalists face the very real threat of violence. Ali concludes that while it is impossible to prevent all terrorist attacks, we should not play into the hands of terrorists by overreacting because of paranoia and calls for the media to take a more responsible and balanced approach to reporting. Ali’s in-depth analysis, which requires careful reading, makes an important contribution to our understanding of the widespread inaccurate reporting of terrorism.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"578 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83135246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islam, media framing and Islamophobia in the US press, before and after the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack","authors":"Malia Nora Politzer, A. Alcaraz","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2207164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2207164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On 7 January 2015, brothers Said and Cherif Kouachi, armed with Kalashnikovs, entered the headquarters of the Paris-based satirical magazine, Charlie Hebdo, and opened fire, killing 12 people and injuring 11 more. It would later emerge that the brothers – both native Frenchmen born to Algerian parents – belonged to the Islamist terrorist group, al Qaeda. The attack, which targeted a Western magazine, attracted tremendous international news coverage, provoking a widespread debate over issues relating to free speech, immigration (even though both attackers were born in France) and integration. There has been less discussion of the news framing of the attack by Western media outlets, and to what degree that news framing may have been biased or Islamophobic. In this study, it is our goal to understand how media framing may have been affected by this attack, and to what degree such framing is Islamophobic. To that end, we have operationalised the Runnymede framework of Islamophobia using the content analysis software Nvivo, in order to identify and better understand manifestations of Islamophobia in the mainstream press. Specifically, we analyse the news framing of Islam in the headlines of two US daily newspapers, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"69 1","pages":"351 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73231095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A world turned upside down: reinforcing the symbolic order after the Vienna terrorist attack","authors":"S. Pfister","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2207271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2207271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Terrorist attacks do not just cause devastation and casualties, but also constitute a symbolic battlefield. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field analytical framework, this article suggests that a terrorist attack puts pressure on the symbolic underpinnings of the established social order. It irritates the taken-for-granted reality, and through the use of violence, brings a competing possible into the universe of discourse. Therefore, the counterterrorist response has a twofold reality. It serves not only to restore physical safety, but also to release symbolic pressure and thus, reinforce the symbolic underpinnings of the social order. Using the example of press conferences in the aftermath of the Vienna terrorist attack in 2020, this article examines the discursive moves through which state actors strive to release symbolic pressure imposed by the attack. Thus, the article lays bare the symbolic dimension of counterterrorism and contributes to its more nuanced understanding.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"30 4 1","pages":"370 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88406906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review of Waves of Global Terrorism: From 1879 to the Present","authors":"João Raphael da Silva","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2187839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2187839","url":null,"abstract":"In The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism (Rapoport 2004), David C. Rapoport theorised that modern terrorism can be historically seen and understood through the Anarchist (1st/1879–1920s), Anticolonial (2nd/1919–1960s), New Left (3rd/1960s-1990s) and Religious (4th/1979–2020s?) Waves. Ideologically similar, the organisations within each Wave also share characteristics, such as signature tactics, weaponry, and targets. The energy driving them spreads globally and tends to last one generation. Since the Rapoportian Wave Theory was launched, its explanatory power has been widely debated; sometimes challenged, but usually tested, corroborated and applied to uncover overlooked Waves (da Silva 2020). Unsurprisingly, the 2011 Oslo and Utøya Attacks (Norway), the 2019 Christchurch Mosque Shooting (New Zealand), and the 2019 El Paso Shooting (U.S.) made Terrorism Studies scholars wonder whether these were shaping a Far-Right (5th) Wave. In the 448-page Waves of Global Terrorism: From 1879 to the Present, David C. Rapoport re-explores his longstanding scholarship to shed light on this heated debate. Definitionally, Rapoport understands terrorism as “[. . .] violence employed for a religious or political objective and is not limited by the accepted moral norms that limit violence” (03). In Chapter 1, a lengthy discussion on pre-1879, non-Wave Abrahamic (e.g., Jewish Sicarii and Zealots, Islamic Assassins, and Christian Crusaders) and secular (e.g., the Ku Klux Klan and Sons of Liberty) terrorism makes it appear that the book’s title does not truly translate its content. Yet, it serves to remind us that not only Islam but also Judaism and Christianity have been used to encourage terrorism, but that the West only attributes positive connotations to the latter. Rapoport proceeds by brilliantly combining a chronological and thematic structure. The theorist expands on the Anarchist (Chapter 2) and Anticolonial (Chapter 3) Waves, and updates the New Left (Chapter 4) Wave by discussing the peace agreement between Colombia’s Government and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Furthermore, he extensively elaborates on how the 2011 Arab Spring contributed to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s emergence and growth, thus, boosting the Religious Wave (Chapter 5), a chapter that takes the spotlight until the novel discussion on a Far-Right Wave (Chapter 6). Previously, Rapoport (2004, 61) had argued that “[. . .] three events in the Islamic world [. . .]” sparked the Religious Wave: “In 1979, the Iranian Revolution occurred, a new Islamic century began, and the Soviets made an unprovoked invasion of Afghanistan.” Now, he adds the IsraelEgypt Peace Treaty (1979) as “[. . .] the second crucial event [. . .]” (218). However, he does not explain why it was not originally appraised. Confusingly, Rapoport argues that “[. . .] it was not until the third decade of the wave that Islamic groups began targeting Western states like the United States, France, the Unit","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"10 1","pages":"424 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86484786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who’s afraid of the vulnerable terrorist? Framing violent jihadists’ life and intimate relationships","authors":"Aube Tollu","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2188680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2188680","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article looks at a sample of academic articles in the field of terrorism studies and international relations to explore the ways in which marriage, sexual activity and close relationships in jihadist groups are framed, imagined and investigated. Despite the scarcity of research being conducted on the subject, this article reveals that, in the study of terrorism, the issue of intimate relationships is the object of two trends: on the one hand, the themes of sexuality and marriage are in fact present in the field, only exclusively through the lens of sexual victimisation, violence, abuse and romantic manipulation. On the other hand, intimate relationships are often dismissed as not being worthy of in-depth investigation when not related to violence. Together, these two interdependent trends create, using the words of Butler, a “silent and melancholic discourse”, which downplays the subjectivity, banality, and vulnerability of the life experiences of subjects involved in jihadist groups. Using the learnings of queer scholarship, the article posits that the ways in which the intimate life of individuals involved in jihadist movements are portrayed and ascribed a perverted characteristic matter in how vulnerability is distributed and how the subjects are apprehended in academia and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"2 1","pages":"328 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79836226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review of From the fires of war: Ukraine’s Azov movement and the global far right","authors":"Anastassiya Mahon","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2187838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2187838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"21 1","pages":"421 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73906620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US drone strikes, securitization processes and practices: A case study of Pakistan","authors":"Alamgir Khan, C. Kaunert","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2179571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2179571","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the importance of inter-related securitisation processes on each other, most notably the impact of securitisation practices in one country on the securitisation processes in another. It analyses the impact of US drone strikes on the securitisation processes related to the militancy conducted by successive Pakistani governments in the aftermath of 9/11. The successful securitisation of the war on terror by the US allowed the latter to take extraordinary measures to eliminate terrorism, most notably through the use of drone strikes. However, these securitisation practices inhibited the securitisation of militancy inside Pakistan. While we understand successful securitisation processes, we understand much less about unsuccessful securitisation cases. This article analyses the use of drone strikes as securitisation practices by the US and their impact on the unsuccessful securitisation process of militancy in Pakistan after 9/11. The empirical contribution of this article is its focus on the case of Pakistan where more than 400 drone strikes took place, reportedly killing approximately 7000 people. The article demonstrates how the drone strikes in Pakistan turned the war on terror into an American war and made it difficult for the domestic audience in Pakistan to accept the securitisation moves of the security actors.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"6 1","pages":"287 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspicious cities: An analysis of the securitisation of urban everyday life in London and Brussels","authors":"Natalie S. Pawlowski","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2176408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2176408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article engages with the material-discursive ways in which urban everyday life in London and Brussels has transformed under the impression of (counter)terrorism and demonstrates how human and non-human bodies are entangled in this process. Following Barad’s understanding of posthumanist performativity, I conceptualise urban everyday life as an entanglement of intra-acting sites, objects, and people. My historiographic analysis of everyday life in London and Brussels shows how both metropoles have incrementally adopted a culture of pre-emptive security because more and more human and non-human bodies are increasingly assigned with material-discursive suspiciousness, while simultaneously more and more human and non-human bodies are charged with looking out for suspiciousness. As the notion of entanglement reveals how everyone and everything that intra-acts in urban everyday life is also to some extent accountable for its securitisation, my findings imply ultimately an ethical responsibility to counter the securitisation of everyday life in European metropoles which I argue constitutes a process of urban segregation.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"32 1","pages":"305 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83148432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saints and Soldiers: Inside Internet-Age Terrorism, from Syria to the Capitol Siege","authors":"S. Hagen","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2173863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2173863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"104 1","pages":"419 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87663094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twisted Words: Torture and Liberalism in Imperial Britain","authors":"Deana Heath","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2169983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2169983","url":null,"abstract":"events exactly as they will happen, but rather being able to visualise in the long term where terrorism may be going. In agreement with one of the key tenets of CTS and Blumenhau in Chapter 6, the importance of long-term studies in terrorism, not limited to the field of historiography, cannot be over-emphasised, even more so in the Anglosphere research scene, which tends to (unfairly) prize research aimed at fixing immediate symptoms, but not the issues dating back to the roots. In fact, Blumenhau’s Chapter 6, about how historians should not only take to heart the lessons of the past but should in fact be able to “predict the past” itself, is remarkably close to another of the tenets of CTS methodology, looking at past evidence with new perspectives. The cases discussed in this collection, and the debates which framed them, can teach one important, even if apparently obvious, lesson: complex issues that span decades cannot be fixed in a fortnight, despite the infatuation of policymakers with displaying immediate responsiveness to events. As I mentioned before, this collection’s original aim is to fill a lacuna in the discipline of historiography. However, its contents are useful to CTS, or indeed any, researcher dealing with terrorism. While it may not be explicitly stated as a goal, the collection does demystify and deconstruct some of the major discourses affecting the study of terrorism. In fact, I’d argue that is the most interesting part of the book, notwithstanding the specific case studies. The emphasis on semiotically charged concepts and definitions, which could almost be considered as elevating “terrorism” to the “concept-metaphor” status; retrospective analysis and prominence on interdisciplinarity resonate well with the idea that only a collective effort of scholarship can provide answers to “wicked issues” that affect humanity.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"2017 1","pages":"414 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86708702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}