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Analysis of Distance of Frontal Sinus Ostium from Columella by CT PNS: Our Experience. 额窦口与小柱距离的CT PNS分析及经验。
IF 0.3 4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03861-8
Md Ali Akbar, Vinita Kumari, Alam Intekhab Chand, Md Shahabuddin, Shamsheer Alam, D B Ahamed Sameer
{"title":"Analysis of Distance of Frontal Sinus Ostium from Columella by CT PNS: Our Experience.","authors":"Md Ali Akbar, Vinita Kumari, Alam Intekhab Chand, Md Shahabuddin, Shamsheer Alam, D B Ahamed Sameer","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-03861-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-03861-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Knowledge of variable anatomy, narrow frontal sinus ostium and vital anatomical structures near outflow tract, is very important during preoperative planning for exposure of the frontal sinus recess during endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperative knowledge of distance of nasofrontal beak and anterior skull base from columella is very helpful in avoiding intraoperative complication by deeper penetration into cranial cavity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyse distance from columella to the anterior and posterior border of the Frontal sinus ostium in males and females by CT PNS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study carried out in katihar medical college, Katihar during the period of 01 July 2021 to 31 December 2021 including 31 patients.</p><p><strong>Result and conclusion: </strong>A distance approx 60.9 mm in men and 57.34 mm in women from the columella to frontal sinus ostium is safe during endoscopic sinus surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"1977 1","pages":"2847-2849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89808618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health system privatization, the pandemic and deprivatization under discussion 正在讨论的保健系统私有化、流行病和非私有化
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-8
{"title":"Health system privatization, the pandemic and deprivatization under discussion","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-8","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the privatization processes that have been implemented in the health systems of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia. It describes and characterizes the participation of the public and private components of each of these systems, and analyses the politics of the public policies involved in these privatization processes. The results reveal the presence of multiple public-private relationships that adopted different forms over time. The article also analyses some of the responses provided and the challenges faced by the health systems during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, along with the role played by private entities in particular. This analysis aims to examine the trajectories of the studied policies and to identify their limitations as well as potentialities for reversing privatization processes.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographic aspects and regional income convergence in Brazil: a panel data approach 巴西人口方面和区域收入趋同:面板数据方法
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-10
{"title":"Demographic aspects and regional income convergence in Brazil: a panel data approach","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-10","url":null,"abstract":"The framework of condition convergence forms the theoretical basis for different dynamic panel data approaches, but depending on the specifications, the method and the time period, results can vary significantly. This article presents empirical results of applying different panel data approaches to study the impact of demographic factors on regional growth of the 27 states of Brazil over 2000–2014. The results suggest that estimation using the generalized method of moments (GMM) is likely to be more consistent and efficient than the other methods studied. The results also point to a significant and negative relation between the demographic variables and regional economic growth. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the literature, by offering a comparative model framework and an analysis of demographics and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136380624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 pandemic and social policy narratives in Costa Rica: the story of a (fleeting) opportunity 2019冠状病毒病大流行与哥斯达黎加的社会政策叙述:一个(稍纵即逝的)机会的故事
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-5
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and social policy narratives in Costa Rica: the story of a (fleeting) opportunity","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-5","url":null,"abstract":"Did the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic embolden ideas favourable to inclusive social policy in Latin America? This article addresses that question by examining the emergency cash transfer programme that was implemented in Costa Rica in 2020. Drawing on legislative debates and interviews with senior officials and analysts, the study reveals the fleeting emergence of ideas in favour of expanding non-contributory social protection. The new programme was quickly reined in by a discourse that assimilated fiscal responsibility to cutting social spending rather than expanding revenues. Avoiding simplistic generalizations, the findings invite a contextualized analysis of the impact of the pandemic on specific policy-making processes, and a consideration of the role of ideas in social policy debates. If there is a risk to inclusive social policy, it is the dominant discourse of austerity.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of services in economic development and the core-periphery relationship 服务业在经济发展中的作用与核心-边缘关系
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-2
{"title":"The role of services in economic development and the core-periphery relationship","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-2","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on productive structure and economic growth shows the relevance of industry in expanding gross domestic product (GDP) in developed and developing countries. Recent studies suggest that the modern services sector (professional services) contributes to innovation, increased productivity, and, consequently, economic growth. This paper presents a theoretical discussion on the importance of the modern services sector for Latin America in order to update the central thesis of the Latin American structuralist approach. The data suggest that even in the context of a productive transformation characterized by a fall in the share of manufacturing and the rise of the services sector, international division of labour is perpetuated, based on the centre-periphery relationship. The results show that structuralist thinking is adequate to explain the persistent underdevelopment of Latin American countries from a perspective focused on the service economy.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Instability constraints and development traps: an empirical analysis of growth cycles and economic volatility in Latin America 不稳定约束与发展陷阱:拉丁美洲增长周期与经济波动的实证分析
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-1
{"title":"Instability constraints and development traps: an empirical analysis of growth cycles and economic volatility in Latin America","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-1","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America and the Caribbean is a region characterized by a repetitive pattern of volatility that thwarts its development process. This article conducts an empirical investigation into its volatility, comparing it with other regions. First, an asymmetrical band-pass filter is used to decompose GDP growth time series into cycles of different types for 136 countries, employing data from the Maddison Project Database for 1950–2018. Next, k-means clustering methods are used to classify volatility patterns into groups to understand their characteristics. In most countries in the region, overall volatility is explained by the relative dominance of long-run economic cycles linked to heavy dependence on commodity exports, with changes in specialization resulting from technology-driven changes in the inputs used by the countries they export to. Despite claims to the contrary in the literature, the region is not the world’s most volatile, but its countries have many particular, common characteristics.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136380612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Analysis of Central American trade integration from the perspective of intraregional value added 区域内增加值视角下的中美洲贸易一体化分析
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-3
{"title":"Analysis of Central American trade integration from the perspective of intraregional value added","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to study trade integration in Central America from a value added perspective, using the first regional input-output table, a tool developed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in close cooperation with the central banks and statistical institutes of the region. The strategy of open regionalism employed by the countries of Central America has resulted in significant subregional trade integration with regard to gross exports; however, these exports include a significant share of intermediate inputs from outside the subregion. The vertical specialization indicators (exports and imports) estimated in this article show that exports within Central America create less domestic value added than total exports and incorporate considerable intermediate inputs from outside the subregion, creating little value added in the subregion itself.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pass-through of exchange rate shocks in Brazil as a small open economy 巴西作为一个小型开放经济体的汇率冲击传递
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-7
{"title":"Pass-through of exchange rate shocks in Brazil as a small open economy","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-7","url":null,"abstract":"An econometric model is used to analyse pass-through from the exchange rate to inflation, considering the monetary policy instrument variable, the target variable, the level of economic activity, the level of credit and the exchange rate. This system is exogenously affected by commodity prices, the level of external sector activity and the uncertainty perceived by international investors. Using vector error correction models, we find greater pass-through to administered prices than to free prices and a marked asymmetry characterized by stronger exchange rate pass-through when the domestic currency appreciates (deflationary effect) than when it depreciates (inflationary effect). Moreover, we note that the asymmetry in pass-through to domestic prices is due to the behaviour of free prices, since asymmetry in administered prices is not very significant.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136380611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic complexity and employment in Brazilian states 巴西各州的经济复杂性和就业
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-9
{"title":"Economic complexity and employment in Brazilian states","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has three objectives: (i) to identify promising sectors worth encouraging with a view to fostering the development of the Brazilian states; (ii) to evaluate the impact of economic complexity on the volume of employment; and (iii) to simulate how many new jobs would be created if each state were to become competitive in the activities considered promising for it. The results obtained vindicate the approach of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), which emphasizes the contribution of changes in the production structure to the development process, and reaffirm how important complexity is in improving the economic performance of countries or regions, whether this is measured by income or employment.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136380617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Productive development policy for Chile: an alternative to stagnation 智利的生产性发展政策:替代停滞
4区 经济学
Cepal Review Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2023-139-6
{"title":"Productive development policy for Chile: an alternative to stagnation","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2023-139-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2023-139-6","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1998, Chile has been experiencing a significant slowdown in its economic growth. The Chilean economy’s recent poor performance is attributable to a halt in productive and export diversification around the beginning of the twenty-first century. State interventions have been horizontal, eschewing those to support specific industries. Intermediate interventions have focused on promoting activities (such as new exports and technologies) that form only a small part of the Chilean economy, leaving a wide margin for market forces to select companies and sectors. In terms of vertical policies, support for green hydrogen is proposed, as this is an emerging industry in which Chile has clear comparative advantages. The article also argues for exchange rate policies that mitigate sharp fluctuations in the real exchange rate and ensure a stable and competitive exchange rate for new exporters.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136380619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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