Geodesy and Geodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Performance evaluation of high/ultra-high-degree global geopotential models over Vietnam using GNSS/leveling data","authors":"Hoa Thi Pham ,&nbsp;Sten Claessens ,&nbsp;Michael Kuhn ,&nbsp;Joseph Awange","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The availability of many high-degree Global Geopotential Models (GGMs), namely EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, XGM2019e_2159, and GGMPlus, challenges users regarding which model is best for Vietnam. This study, therefore, evaluates their performance by comparing them with GNSS/leveling data over Vietnam. Results show that their absolute and relative performances are largely independent of topographic conditions and geographical location and can be ranked into three classes: (1) XGM2019e_2159 has the highest accuracy, (2) the models EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus, have a very similar level of medium accuracy, while (3) EGM2008 is found to be the least accurate. In an absolute sense, the differences between GNSS/leveling and EGM2008-based height anomalies have a standard deviation (STD) of 0.290 ± 0.010 m, whereas, for XGM2019e_2159, this is 0.156 ± 0.006 m. All other models have STDs of (0.18–0.19) ± 0.007 m. Regarding relative performance without fitting, all GGMs have comparable accuracies for baseline length of 5–20 km, while for baselines longer than 20 km, the STD of XGM2019e_2159 is 1.5 ppm–0.5 ppm (approximately 19%–40%) lower compared with EGM2008, and 0.5 ppm–0.25 ppm (approximately 7%–36%) lower compared with EIGEN6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus. In addition, the STDs decrease significantly from 20 to 12 ppm in the range of 5–10 km, slightly from 12 to 6 ppm for 10–35 km, very slightly from 6 to 2.5 ppm for 35–200 km, and then remain almost unchanged for longer baselines. After fitting, the relative accuracies of all GGMs are at the same level with negligible STD/RMSE values. Furthermore, only EGM2008 experiences significant regional differences, while other GGMs show more homogeneous spatial variation of absolute accuracy over Vietnam. These findings can contribute to the development of local quasigeoid models in Vietnam and may be helpful with the improvement of GGMs in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 500-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhanced spectral diversity coregistration method for dual-polarimetric Sentinel-1A/B TOPS data","authors":"Nan Fang ,&nbsp;Xingjun Luo ,&nbsp;Peng Shen ,&nbsp;Lei Xie ,&nbsp;Guoming Liu ,&nbsp;Feixiang Wei ,&nbsp;Kun Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sentinel-1A/B data are crucial for retrieving numerical information about surface phenomena and processes. Coregistration of terrain observation by progressive scans (TOPS) data is a critical step in its application. TOPS data must be fundamentally co-registered with an accuracy of 0.001 pixels. However, various decorrelation factors due to natural vegetation and seasonal effects affect the coregistration accuracy of TOPS data. This paper proposed an enhanced spectral diversity coregistration method for dual-polarimetric (PolESD) Sentinel-1A/B TOPS data. The PolESD method suppresses speckle noise based on a unified non-local framework in dual-pol Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and extracts the phase of the optimal polarization channel from the denoised polarimetric interferometric coherency matrix. Compared with the traditional ESD method developed for single-polarization data, the PolESD method can obtain more accurate coherence and phase and get more pixels for azimuth-offset estimation. In bare areas covered with low vegetation, the number of pixels selected by PolESD is more than the Boxcar method. It can also correct misregistration more effectively and eliminate phase jumps in the burst edge. Therefore, PolESD will help improve the application of TOPS data in low-coherence scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 431-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43174142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach for improving GNSS precise point positioning","authors":"Liangke Huang ,&nbsp;Feifan Liu ,&nbsp;Lijie Guo ,&nbsp;Guiwen Lan ,&nbsp;Lv Zhou ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Lilong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technology has developed into a potent instrument for geodetic positioning, ionospheric modeling, tropospheric atmospheric parameter detection, and seismic monitoring. As atmospheric reanalysis data products' accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution have improved recently, it has become important to apply these products to obtain high-accuracy tropospheric delay parameters, like zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and tropospheric horizontal gradient. These tropospheric delay parameters can be applied to PPP to reduce the convergence time and to increase the accuracy in the vertical direction of the position. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis data is the latest product with a high spatiotemporal resolution released by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Only a few researches have evaluated the application of ERA5 data to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PPP. Therefore, this study compared and validated the ZTD products derived from ERA5 data using ZTD values provided by 290 global International GNSS Service (IGS) stations for 2016–2017. The results indicated a stable performance for ZTD, with annual average bias and RMS values of 0.23 cm and 1.09 cm, respectively. Further, GNSS observations for one week in each of the four seasons (spring: DOY 92–98; summer: DOY 199–205; autumn: DOY 275–281; and winter: DOY 22–28) from 34 multi-GNSS experiments (MGEX) stations distributed globally in 2016 were considered to evaluate the performance of ERA5-derived tropospheric delay products in GNSS PPP. The performance of ERA5-enhanced PPP was compared with that of the two standard GNSS PPP schemes (without estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient and with estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient). The results demonstrated that ERA5-enhanced GNSS PPP showed no significant improvement in the convergence times in both the Eastern (E) and Northern (N) directions, while the average convergence time over four weeks in the vertical (U) direction improved by 53.3% and 52.7%, respectively (in the case of pngm station). The average convergence times for each week in the U direction of the northern and southern hemisphere stations indicated a decrease of 16.3%, 12.6%, 9.6%, and 9.1%, and 16.9%, 9.6%, 8.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. Regarding positioning accuracy, ERA5-enhanced PPP showed an improvement of 13.3% and 16.2% over the two standard PPP schemes in the U direction, respectively. No significant improvement in the positioning performance was observed in both the E and N directions. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential application of the ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach to Beidou navigation and positioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mathematical weighting of GNSS observations based on different types of receivers/antennas and environmental conditions","authors":"Kamal Parvazi,&nbsp;Saeed Farzaneh,&nbsp;Abdolreza Safari","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stochastic models play an important role in achieving high accuracy in positioning, the ideal estimator in the least-squares (LS) can be obtained only by using the suitable stochastic model. This study investigates the role of variance component estimation (VCE) in the LS method for Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This estimation is performed by considering the ionospheric-free (IF) functional model for code and the phase observation of Global Positioning System (GPS). The strategy for estimating the accuracy of these observations was evaluated to check the effect of the stochastic model in four modes: a) antenna type, b) receiver type, c) the tropospheric effect, and d) the ionosphere effect. The results show that using empirical variance for code and phase observations in some cases caused erroneous estimation of unknown components in the PPP model. This is because a constant empirical variance may not be suitable for various receivers and antennas under different conditions. Coordinates were compared in two cases using the stochastic model of nominal weight and weight estimated by LS-VCE. The position error difference for the east-west, north-south, and height components was 1.5 cm, 4 mm, and 1.8 cm, respectively. Therefore, weight estimation with LS-VCE can provide more appropriate results. Eventually, the convergence time based on four elevation-dependent models was evaluated using nominal weight and LS-VCE weight. According to the results, the LS-VCE has a higher convergence rate than the nominal weight. The weight estimation using LS-VCE improves the convergence time in four elevation-dependent models by 11, 13, 12, and 9 min, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 521-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-step method to detect broadcast ephemeris unavailable periods caused by BeiDou satellite orbital maneuvers","authors":"Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The space constellation of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) is a hybrid constellation containing medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites. Due to the geosynchronous characteristics of GEO and IGSO, GEO satellites and IGSO satellites often need to perform orbital maneuvers, which can affect the signal-in-space (SIS) availability performance of BeiDou satellites. A two-step detection method for BeiDou satellite orbital maneuvers has been proposed in this paper. The first step is to identify orbital maneuvers based on time series analysis of broadcast ephemeris, and the second step is to verify orbital maneuvers based on bidirectional orbit prediction. The two-step detection method was used to detect the orbital maneuvers of BeiDou satellites in 2019. Through the double guarantees of identification and verification, the detection accuracy of BeiDou satellite orbital maneuvers has been effectively improved. And the orbital maneuver detection results are continued to be used to assess the SIS availability of BeiDou satellites. The results show that the availability loss of GEO satellite orbital maneuvers is about 0.45%–1.07%, and the availability loss of IGSO satellite orbital maneuvers is about 0.12%–0.19%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 456-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data based on modified structural similarity index for the structural and petrophysical consistency constraint","authors":"Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Wan ,&nbsp;Shuanggen Jin ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Quan Lou ,&nbsp;Songbai Xuan ,&nbsp;Binbin Qin ,&nbsp;Yiju Tang ,&nbsp;Dali Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion. The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods, which are mutually independent. Currently, there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints. This paper develops the structural similarity index (SSIM) as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data. The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction, which may have analytical singularities. Therefore, converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion, which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion. Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion, the proposed method presents good performance and stability. The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints. It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values. Then, applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 485-499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of SPAC method and electromagnetic wave CT in karst detection of Wuhan Metro Line 8","authors":"Peng Xie ,&nbsp;Jinggang Li ,&nbsp;Biao Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuliang Wang ,&nbsp;Song Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, karst construction projects in the built-up area of Wuhan (capital of Hubei Province, China) are increasing, and the karst geological disasters have aroused social concerns. The actual engineering projects usually use shallow geophysical exploration methods to explore karst. This paper uses Spatial Auto-Correlation Method (SPAC) and electromagnetic Computerized Tomography (CT) to detect karst in urban built-up areas. Depending on the different physical properties of rock and soil, the SPAC method can better reveal the interface between soil and rock strata and the interface between soil layers. The electromagnetic CT method can identify strata according to the apparent absorption coefficient, which can better reveal the interface between soil and rock, the interface between the more intact and weathered rock. The SPAC method is mainly qualitative to measure the low-speed area, namely, the wrong geological body i.e., karst cave, but also can detect the fracture zone or filling mode of karst cave, and at the same time, cannot use exploration holes or logging observation. The electromagnetic CT method can accurately detect the location and scale of the karst caves and has a higher accuracy detecting karst bands. In addition, exploration holes or well logging observations are also expected to be conducted, and their detection effect is greatly affected by lithology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48601560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLE orbit determination using simplex method","authors":"Jinghong Liu ,&nbsp;Wanting Long ,&nbsp;Yunchen Wu ,&nbsp;Jin Xu ,&nbsp;Jizhang Sang ,&nbsp;Xiangxu Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-Line Element (TLE) datasets are the only orbital data source of Earth-orbiting space objects for many civil users for their research and applications. The datasets have uneven qualities that may affect the reliability of the propagated positions of space objects using a single TLE. The least squares approach to use multiple TLEs also suffers from the poor quality of some TLEs, and reliable error information cannot be available. This paper proposes a simplex algorithm to estimate an optimal TLE from multiple TLEs and obtain the uncertainty of each element. It is a derivative-free technique that can deal with various orbit types. Experiments have demonstrated that using the TLE estimated from the simplex method is more reliable, stable, and effective than those from the batch least squares method. As an application example, the optimal TLE and its uncertainty are used for predicting the fallen area, keeping the actual fallen site in the prediction areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 438-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41694467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical deformation analysis based on combined adjustment for GNSS and leveling data","authors":"Jianliang Nie ,&nbsp;Jie Tian ,&nbsp;Xinwei Guo ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Liu ,&nbsp;Yaxuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Pengtao Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS–leveling points are uniformly selected, and the constraints of the geodetic height change velocity and normal height change velocity are given. Then, the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling height difference are used as observations of combined adjustment, and robust least-squares estimation are used to estimate the velocities of the unknown points. Finally, a vertical movement model is established with the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling vertical velocities obtained via combined adjustment. Data from the second-order leveling network and GNSS control points in Shandong Province are taken as test data, and eight calculation schemes are used for discussion. One of the schemes, the bifactor robust combined adjustment method based on variance component estimation with two kinds of vertical velocity constraints achieves the optimal results. The method applied in the scheme can be recommended for data fusion of GNSS and leveling, further improving the reliability of vertical crustal movement in Shandong Province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46347850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising trends of global precipitable water vapor and its correlation with flood frequency","authors":"Dong Ren ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Guocheng Wang ,&nbsp;Lintao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geog.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geog.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using 4 global reanalysis data sets, significant upward trends of precipitable water vapor (PWV) were found in the 3 time periods of 1958–2020, 1979–2020, and 2000–2020. During 1958–2020, the global PWV trends obtained using the ERA5 and JRA55 data sets are 0.19 ± 0.01 mm per decade (1.15 ± 0.31%) and 0.23 ± 0.01 mm per decade (1.45 ± 0.32%), respectively. The PWV trends obtained using the ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-NCAR, and NCEP-DOE data sets are 0.22 ± 0.01 mm per decade (1.18 ± 0.54%), 0.21 ± 0.00 mm per decade (1.76 ± 0.56%), 0.27 ± 0.01 mm per decade (2.20 ± 0.70%) and 0.28 ± 0.01 mm per decade (2.19 ± 0.70%) for the period 1979–2020. During 2000–2020, the PWV trends obtained using ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-NCAR data sets are 0.40 ± 0.25 mm per decade (2.66 ± 1.51%), 0.37 ± 0.24 mm per decade (2.19 ± 1.54%), 0.40 ± 0.26 mm per decade (1.96 ± 1.53%) and 0.36 ± 0.25 mm per decade (2.47 ± 1.72%), respectively. Rising PWV has a positive impact on changes in precipitation, increasing the probability of extreme precipitation and then changing the frequency of flood disasters. Therefore, exploring the relationship between PWV (derived from ERA5 and JRA55) change and flood disaster frequency from 1958 to 2020 revealed a significant positive correlation between them, with correlation coefficients of 0.68 and 0.79, respectively, which explains the effect of climate change on the increase in flood disaster frequency to a certain extent. The study can provide a reference for assessing the evolution of flood disasters and predicting their frequency trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46398,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Geodynamics","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 355-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46385273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}