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Grounding legal proof 接地法律证明
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12195
Michael S. Pardo
{"title":"Grounding legal proof","authors":"Michael S. Pardo","doi":"10.1111/phis.12195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12195","url":null,"abstract":"When facts are proven within the formal process of legal proof, in virtue of what are they proven? This deceptively simple question is both a matter of enormous practical importance and a matter of intense, ongoing dispute within evidence scholarship. A conventional story purports to answer this question in terms of probabilistic facts (or, alternatively, in terms of beliefs about probabilistic facts). An alternative to this conventional story answers this question in terms of explanatory facts (facts about the relationships between possible explanations, evidence, and disputed events). \u0000 \u0000This article examines legal proof, and the debates in legal scholarship, through the lens of “grounding.” In employing this perspective, one asks: in virtue of what are facts proven within legal proof? Another way of asking this question is to ask: what grounds the fact that a disputed fact is proven, when it is proven? This article argues for a general thesis and a specific thesis. The general thesis is that the philosophical literature on grounding provides a useful analytical framework for understanding both legal proof and the ongoing debates in legal scholarship. The specific thesis is that when facts are proven within the process of legal proof, they are proven in virtue of various explanatory facts. The article concludes by discussing some of the implications of the analysis for philosophers analyzing the epistemology of legal proof.","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42929859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The state's right to evidence and duties of citizenship 国家获得证据的权利和公民义务
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12198
Youngjae Lee
{"title":"The state's right to evidence and duties of citizenship","authors":"Youngjae Lee","doi":"10.1111/phis.12198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political action, epistemic detachment, and the problem of white‐mindedness 政治行动、认知分离和白人思想问题
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12194
Darien Pollock
{"title":"Political action, epistemic detachment, and the problem of white‐mindedness","authors":"Darien Pollock","doi":"10.1111/phis.12194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Realizing the value of public input: Mini‐public consultation on agency rulemaking 1 实现公众投入的价值:机构规则制定中的小型公众咨询
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12196
E. J. Martínez
{"title":"Realizing the value of public input: Mini‐public consultation on agency rulemaking\u0000 1","authors":"E. J. Martínez","doi":"10.1111/phis.12196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49053740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A probabilistic analysis of cross-examination using Bayesian networks 交叉询问的贝叶斯网络概率分析
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/PHIS.12209
M. Bello
{"title":"A probabilistic analysis of cross-examination using Bayesian networks","authors":"M. Bello","doi":"10.1111/PHIS.12209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/PHIS.12209","url":null,"abstract":"The legal scholar Henry Wigmore asserted that cross-examination is ‘the greatest legal engine ever invented for the discovery of truth.’ Was Wigmore right? Instead of addressing this question upfront, this paper offers a conceptual ground clearing. It is difficult to say whether Wigmore was right or wrong without becoming clear about what we mean by cross-examination; how it operates at trial; what it is intended to accomplish. Despite the growing importance of legal epistemology, there is virtually no philosophical work that discusses cross-examination, its scope and function at trial. This paper makes a first attempt at clearing the ground by articulating an analysis of cross-examination using probability theory and Bayesian networks. This analysis relies on the distinction between undercutting and rebutting evidence. A preliminary assessment of the truth-seeking function of cross-examination is offerred at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standards and values 标准和价值观
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12208
Matthew Kotzen
{"title":"Standards and values","authors":"Matthew Kotzen","doi":"10.1111/phis.12208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Justice in epistemic gaps: The ‘proof paradox’ revisited 认识差距中的正义:重新审视“证明悖论”
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12193
Lewis Ross
{"title":"Justice in epistemic gaps: The ‘proof paradox’ revisited","authors":"Lewis Ross","doi":"10.1111/phis.12193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defends the heretical view that sometimes we ought to assign legal liability based on statistical evidence alone. Recent literature focuses on potential unfairness to the defending party if we rely on bare statistics. Here, I show that capitulating in response to ‘epistemic gaps’—cases where there is a group of potential harmers but an absence of individuating evidence—can amount to a serious injustice against the party who has been harmed. Drawing on prominent civil law litigation involving pharmaceutical and industrial negligence, the overall aim is to illustrate moral pitfalls stemming from the popular idea that it is never appropriate to rely on bare statistics when settling a legal dispute.","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does legal epistemology rest on a mistake? On fetishism, two‐tier system design, and conscientious fact‐finding 法律认识论建立在错误之上吗?论拜物教、双层系统设计和认真的事实发现
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12203
David Enoch,Talia Fisher,Levi Spectre
{"title":"Does legal epistemology rest on a mistake? On fetishism, two‐tier system design, and conscientious fact‐finding","authors":"David Enoch,Talia Fisher,Levi Spectre","doi":"10.1111/phis.12203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12203","url":null,"abstract":"Legal epistemology seems to be exploding. More and more philosophers seem to be taking an interest in the theory of evidence law, and to bring along with them to legal theory the freshest news from the abstract study of epistemology . This is understandable, of course: The law in general, and evidence law in particular, seems to be employing the same natural-language terms epistemologists are (or are at least supposed to be) interested in (“knew or should have known”, “reasonable doubt”, “evidence”, “presumption” (of innocence), and so on) . \u0000 \u0000In this paper we argue that a large part of this project is based on a mistake, roughly analogous to the mistake involved in thinking of studies of intelligence as relevant to the understanding of military intelligence. With qualifications shortly to emerge, epistemology is not, we think, intrinsically and directly relevant to normative evidence law theory, at least, that is, as long as the relevant perspective is that of designing the evidence law regime. When it comes to the conscientious fact-finder, things may be – we’re not sure about this – importantly different.","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rigidity, symmetry and defeasibility: On Weisberg's puzzle for perceptual justification 刚性、对称性和可失败性——论魏斯伯格的感性论证之谜
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/phis.12171
Juan Comesaña
{"title":"Rigidity, symmetry and defeasibility: On Weisberg's puzzle for perceptual justification","authors":"Juan Comesaña","doi":"10.1111/phis.12171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phis.12171","url":null,"abstract":"Joanthan Weisberg has presented a puzzle for Bayesian epistemologists (Weisberg, 2009, 2015). The puzzle highlights the inability to model a specific kind of defeasibility of evidence in a Bayesian framework. But the puzzle is of much wider interest: it arises not just for Bayesians, and not just for formal modelers, but for any theory which adopts three very plausible principles: the rigidity, symmetry, and defeasibility of evidence. In this paper I first presentWeisberg’s puzzle as originally developed, in the context of Bayesian epistemology. Then I show how the problem arises for normal epistemology aswell. I offer a solution for the normal puzzle and then carry over that solution to the formal side. I end up by suggesting that taking the puzzle seriously means facing up to the possibility that we cannot give an informative, general characterization of epistemic justification, and that we should instead rest content with a kind of particularism.","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/phis.12171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Perceptual consciousness plays no epistemic role 感知意识不起认识作用
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Philosophical Issues Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/PHIS.12168
J. Berger
{"title":"Perceptual consciousness plays no epistemic role","authors":"J. Berger","doi":"10.1111/PHIS.12168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/PHIS.12168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46360,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/PHIS.12168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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