NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-10-18DOI: 10.1177/19418744261499415
Maria Vieira, Hugo Cadilha, Inês Menezes, Rafael Inácio, Rita Martins, Joana Coelho, Tiago Proença Santos, Isabel Esteves, Sofia Quintas
{"title":"HSV-1 Encephalitis Presenting With Multifocal Extra-temporal Hemorrhagic Lesions in an Infant.","authors":"Maria Vieira, Hugo Cadilha, Inês Menezes, Rafael Inácio, Rita Martins, Joana Coelho, Tiago Proença Santos, Isabel Esteves, Sofia Quintas","doi":"10.1177/19418744261499415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261499415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report an infant with HSV-1 encephalitis presenting with multifocal extra-temporal hemorrhagic lesions and complete temporal lobe sparing on neuroimaging. This case highlights the importance of considering herpes simplex encephalitis and initiating empirical acyclovir therapy even in the absence of the characteristic temporal pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261499415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-10-18DOI: 10.1177/19418744261496706
Kathryn Piccatto, Eric Basappa, Mustafa Mafraji, Hadeer Al-Ali, Shehbaz Ansari, Surjith Vattoth, Marinos Kontzialis
{"title":"The Bloomy Rind Sign: A Key MRI Marker in Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Lung Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Kathryn Piccatto, Eric Basappa, Mustafa Mafraji, Hadeer Al-Ali, Shehbaz Ansari, Surjith Vattoth, Marinos Kontzialis","doi":"10.1177/19418744261496706","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261496706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 48 year-old female with a history of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the brain presented with acute onset dizziness for 12 hours. The neurological exam was notable for subtle sustained nystagmus on right and upward gaze. A code stroke was called and CT brain revealed no acute intracranial abnormality. MRI brain demonstrated new subtle restriction diffusion and FLAIR hyperintensity along the anterior surface of the brainstem and the middle cerebellar peduncles without evidence of enhancement, concerning for leptomeningeal disease. The remainder of the supratentorial metastases were stable. Lumbar puncture was performed and CSF analysis confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261496706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1177/19418744261500155
Thomas J Pisano, Brendan Zotter, David S Lambert, Sashank Prasad
{"title":"Decompression Sickness Myelopathy: Case Report and Acute Management Review for the Neurologist.","authors":"Thomas J Pisano, Brendan Zotter, David S Lambert, Sashank Prasad","doi":"10.1177/19418744261500155","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261500155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decompression sickness (DCS) is an uncommon but important cause of acute myelopathy that neurologists should recognize in the emergency setting. We report a 43-year-old experienced technical diver who developed acute sensory loss with a thoracic sensory level, gait dysfunction, upper motor neuron signs, and urinary retention after rapid ascent from approximately 90 feet below sea level. Thoracic spine MRI demonstrated longitudinal, posterior-predominant T2/STIR hyperintensity from T3 to T10-11 without pathologic enhancement, supporting spinal cord DCS. He received prompt hyperbaric oxygen therapy using U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6, along with 100% oxygen, horizontal positioning, and intravenous fluid resuscitation, followed by additional hyperbaric treatments for persistent sensory and autonomic symptoms. He improved rapidly, regained independent ambulation, and later returned to high-level physical activity, although intermittent sensory symptoms persisted during follow-up. This case illustrates the clinical presentation of spinal cord DCS and emphasizes the importance of early hyperbaric oxygen therapy alongside consensus-supported measures for oxygenation, intravascular volume repletion, thermal protection, and safe positioning. The independent effects of these supportive measures on neurologic recovery remain uncertain. Evidence for additional pharmacologic adjuncts, including NSAIDs and corticosteroids, is limited, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage remains unproven in DCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261500155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-10-12DOI: 10.1177/19418744261496340
Andy Y Wang, Catherine Suen, Iyas Daghlas, Anupama Kumar, David Oh, Douglas Pet, Vanja Douglas
{"title":"Markedly Delayed Onset ICANS in the Setting of CAR T-Cell-Mediated Aseptic Meningoencephalitis: Two Cases.","authors":"Andy Y Wang, Catherine Suen, Iyas Daghlas, Anupama Kumar, David Oh, Douglas Pet, Vanja Douglas","doi":"10.1177/19418744261496340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19418744261496340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) typically manifests within the first week following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and has rarely been described to develop beyond 1 month after treatment. This report describes the occurrence of markedly delayed ICANS in the setting of non-infectious meningoencephalitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report two cases of markedly delayed ICANS with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis comprised primarily of CAR T-cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two patients, aged 54 and 67 years, developed ICANS at 71 and 46 days, respectively, following administration of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T-cell therapy. CSF analysis demonstrated elevated total nucleated cell (TNC) counts of 1055 and 605 cells/μL, respectively, with marked lymphocytic predominance (94% and 90%), of which 90.4% and 95.4% were CAR T-cells. Both patients improved with corticosteroids and immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The identification of CAR T-cells in CSF analysis proved critical for clinical management, enabling early discontinuation of empiric meningeal antimicrobial therapy and implementation of targeted immunosuppressive treatment. This report highlights a rare presentation of markedly delayed ICANS associated with robust infiltration of CAR T-cells into the CSF, expanding our understanding of the temporal spectrum and pathophysiology of ICANS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261496340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-10-07DOI: 10.1177/19418744261495611
Nil Saez-Calveras, Kristen Warncke, Jessica Schnorr, Anik Amin, David B Nelson
{"title":"Alexander Disease Diagnosed in an Obstetrics Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Nil Saez-Calveras, Kristen Warncke, Jessica Schnorr, Anik Amin, David B Nelson","doi":"10.1177/19418744261495611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261495611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare autosomal dominant leukodystrophy due to pathogenic variants in glial fibrillary acidic protein (<i>GFAP)</i>. Adult-onset AxD type II presents with heterogeneous neurologic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We report a unique case diagnosed in the postpartum period that mimicked posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). A 33-year-old gravida 2 para 1 at 36 weeks gestation presented with 10 days of progressive restlessness, delusions, insomnia, dysarthria, weight loss with inability to feed herself, and urinary/fecal incontinence. She underwent induction of labor due to concern for severe pre-eclampsia (elevated liver enzymes and creatine kinase, elevated blood pressure), received magnesium sulfate, and required emergent cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal status. However, her symptoms persisted postpartum. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive bifrontal, periventricular, and pontine non-enhancing hyperintensities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal including negative infectious, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic studies. Electroencephalography showed mild background slowing but no epileptiform activity. Empiric methylprednisolone and acyclovir had limited effects. Given the imaging findings, a leukodystrophy panel was ordered, which identified a heterozygous pathogenic <i>GFAP</i> variant (Arg79Leu), confirming a diagnosis of AxD type II. She improved with rehabilitation, with mild residual dysarthria at the 2-month follow-up. This is the first case report to describe an onset of AxD in the peripartum period. In peripartum patients with neurological symptoms whose course and MRI findings are atypical for PRES or other more common disorders, adult-onset neurogenetic disorders such as AxD should be considered. This diagnosis has important reproductive implications and warrants genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261495611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dot Phrase Utilization and Opioid Prescription at Discharge for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.","authors":"Natalie Neale, Rebecca DiBiase, Nerissa Ko, Derrick Cheng, Shaadi Settecase, Maggie Waung, Rachel Vassar","doi":"10.1177/19418744261492452","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261492452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently causes headaches that debilitate patients in the intensive care unit and persist for many patients in follow-up. Current literature suggests that opioids are ineffective for treating SAH pain despite their widespread use and perceived efficacy. There is evidence that implementation of dot phrases in note templates and electronic medical record alerts can positively influence prescriber behavior, including with reducing opioid prescriptions in the primary care setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed rates of opioid prescription in our SAH population and added a standardized dot phrase to admission and discharge summaries. This dot phrase prompted providers to answer whether the patient was being prescribed opioids, the rationale for this, and the plan for weaning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a trend towards overall reduced opioid prescription at discharge after dot phrase implementation. On analysis of the whole cohort, in cases where the dot phrase was used, the rate of opioid prescription at discharge was 14% versus 42% without (chi-square <i>P</i> = 0.024). However, dot phrase usage was higher on the neurovascular service compared to neurosurgery (77% vs 39%, Fisher's exact <i>P</i> = 0.043), and the neurovascular service had lower opioid prescription at discharge overall compared to neurosurgery (6% vs 43%, Fisher's exact <i>P</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results highlight differences in prescription patterns among admitting services for patients with SAH. The results suggest that dot phrase implementation could help reduce opioid prescription at discharge for this patient population, but this may be confounded by higher rates of dot phrase usage on the neurovascular service.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261492452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-09-18DOI: 10.1177/19418744261491840
Eileen Yung, Michael J Chen, Jonah P Zuflacht
{"title":"Secondary CNS Lymphoma Masquerading as Recurrent Basal Ganglia Stroke.","authors":"Eileen Yung, Michael J Chen, Jonah P Zuflacht","doi":"10.1177/19418744261491840","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261491840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basal ganglia comprise a metabolically active group of nuclei implicated in refining movement and emotion. We present the case of a 52-year-old man with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) who presented to the hospital with severe thrombocytopenia and concern for recurrent basal ganglia stroke. Three months prior, the patient presented for acute confusion and mydriasis and underwent MRI brain, revealing restricted diffusion in the right basal ganglia. Two months prior, he experienced difficulty speaking, and repeat MRI brain revealed new left basal ganglia diffusion restriction. During this admission, MRI brain was obtained again after presentation for urinary incontinence, hypophonia, and flat affect, showing bilateral basal ganglia diffusion restriction. He subsequently underwent closure of his patent foramen ovale (PFO) and had a repeat MRI brain demonstrating new enhancing lesions in the right external capsule and left lentiform nucleus. Lymph node biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and his basal ganglia lesions were diagnosed as secondary CNS lymphoma that was responsive to chemotherapy. In retrospect, several salient features of the presentation could have raised suspicion for an etiology other than stroke, notably the recurrence of subcortical lesions, dearth of evidence suggesting hypercoagulability of malignancy, and increased risk of lymphoma in the setting of the patient's longstanding history of CVID. Making the diagnosis of lymphoma more promptly would have enabled sooner treatment and prevented unnecessary procedures and exposure to long-term anticoagulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261491840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-09-18DOI: 10.1177/19418744261488454
Christina Schweitzer, Kalkini Durai, Shreeja Kadakia, Grant Zeigler, Khoa Pham
{"title":"Fulminant Amyloid-β-Related Angiitis after Tenecteplase: A Biopsy-Confirmed Cause of Post-Thrombolysis Neurologic Deterioration.","authors":"Christina Schweitzer, Kalkini Durai, Shreeja Kadakia, Grant Zeigler, Khoa Pham","doi":"10.1177/19418744261488454","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261488454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amyloid-β-related angiitis (ABRA) is a rare steroid-responsive inflammatory vasculopathy that can mimic or complicate acute cerebrovascular disease. Its interaction with thrombolytic therapy is poorly understood. We report a biopsy-confirmed case of fulminant ABRA temporally associated with intravenous tenecteplase.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>An 86-year-old man presented with acute painless monocular vision loss and received tenecteplase for presumed central retinal artery occlusion. Initial imaging showed no hemorrhage. Within 24 hours, he developed progressive encephalopathy with a large left frontal lobar hemorrhage, additional contralateral lobar hemorrhages, and diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring surgical evacuation. Pathology demonstrated Congo red-positive amyloid deposition with transmural lymphocytic and macrophage-predominant inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis, confirming ABRA. MRI showed progressive vasogenic edema, new punctate infarcts, increasing cortical microbleeds, and convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage. Infectious evaluation was negative. High-dose corticosteroids led to gradual neurologic improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thrombolysis may unmask or exacerbate inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy, causing multifocal hemorrhage, ischemia, and rapid decline. In older patients with unexpected post-thrombolysis deterioration and evolving lobar hemorrhage, edema, and microbleeds, ABRA should be considered, as early immunosuppression may improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261488454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-09-16DOI: 10.1177/19418744261491388
Alfeil Felipe, Michael Kalu, Pouya Ameli, Kaleb Culpepper
{"title":"Acute Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy Associated with Anti-GM1 IgM: A Rare Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Variant.","authors":"Alfeil Felipe, Michael Kalu, Pouya Ameli, Kaleb Culpepper","doi":"10.1177/19418744261491388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261491388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute ophthalmoparesis may occur in variants of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) associated with anti-GQ1b antibodies. Miller Fisher Syndrome, the most common ocular variant, is characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. In contrast, isolated ophthalmoparesis without ataxia is rare. Here, we report a case of a 56 year old man with a post-infectious acute unilateral isolated abducens nerve palsy without ataxia associated with elevated anti-GM1 IgM and normal anti-GQ1b antibodies. The patient initially presented with septic arthritis of his left knee 1 month after ACL repair and subsequently developed blurry vision upon left gaze. Neurological exam identified an abducens nerve palsy without other motor or sensory deficits. Imaging was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytologic dissociation with elevated protein (100 mg/dL) and normal cell counts. Serum ganglioside (GM1) antibody titers revealed increased anti-GM1 IgM (1:1600) and anti-asialo-GM1 IgM (1:3200). The patient declined immunotherapy and was discharged with neuro-ophthalmology follow-up and antibiotic therapy for septic arthritis. This case highlights a rare GBS variant of acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia associated with anti-GM1 antibodies. Recognition of atypical presentations supports earlier use of ganglioside antibody testing and further investigation into the role of anti-GM1 antibodies with immune-mediated ophthalmoparesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261491388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeurohospitalistPub Date : 2026-09-13DOI: 10.1177/19418744261488890
João Vitor Andrade Fernandes, João Victor de Oliveira Ramos, Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda
{"title":"Intravenous Thrombolysis for Minor Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Populations: A Secondary Meta-Analysis of Comparative Cohort Studies.","authors":"João Vitor Andrade Fernandes, João Victor de Oliveira Ramos, Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda","doi":"10.1177/19418744261488890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19418744261488890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in minor ischemic stroke (MIS) remain uncertain in Chinese populations. We performed a secondary meta-analysis of cohort studies identified in a systematic review and meta-analysis, restricting the analysis to studies conducted in Chinese populations with MIS, defined as NIHSS ≤5 or a more restrictive threshold, comparing IVT with non-IVT management. Outcomes included excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1), early NIHSS improvement, within-group change in NIHSS after IVT, all-cause mortality, and study-reported intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs), each with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using random-effects models. Six cohort studies involving 1676 IVT-treated and 4162 control patients were included. IVT was associated with higher odds of mRS 0-1 (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.41-2.03; I<sup>2</sup> = 0.8%) and early NIHSS improvement (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 2.37-3.64; I<sup>2</sup> = 0.0%). A within-IVT pre-post analysis showed lower NIHSS scores after treatment (SMD = -1.64; 95% CI: -2.98 to -0.29; I<sup>2</sup> = 96.8%), although substantial heterogeneity and the absence of a concurrent comparison in this analysis limit causal interpretation. No statistically significant differences were detected in pooled all-cause mortality (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.29-3.74; I<sup>2</sup> = 0.0%) or study-reported ICH (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 0.74-2.95; I<sup>2</sup> = 22.9%). In Chinese patients with MIS represented in observational cohorts, IVT was associated with favorable functional and neurological outcomes. However, residual confounding, differences in clinical phenotypes, and heterogeneity in outcome definitions and follow-up require cautious interpretation of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46355,"journal":{"name":"Neurohospitalist","volume":" ","pages":"19418744261488890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}