International Journal of Hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Significant Liver Fibrosis by Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography in Thai Chronic Hepatitis B Patients.","authors":"Apichet Sirinawasatien, Thanaya Techasirioangkun, Siriporn Thongsri","doi":"10.1155/2018/4310102","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/4310102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis by ultrasound-based vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE; FibroScan®) and to identify the determinants of significant liver fibrosis in Thai chronic hepatitis B patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of consecutive chronic hepatitis B patients performed VCTE and followed up at Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, was conducted between 1 January, 2013, and 31 December, 2016. Liver fibrosis was defined as minimal (METAVIR F0-1) by VCTE < 7.2 kPa and significant (METAVIR F2-4) by VCTE ≥ 7.2 kPa. VCTE assessments and medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence and determinants of significant liver fibrosis were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 206 eligible patients were included; 120 patients (58.3%) were female. The mean age was 50 years (SD 12.4 years), and 32.5% had a body mass index ≥ 25. The prevalences of minimal (F 0-1) and significant fibrosis (F2-4) were 74.3% and 25.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen negative (HBeAg -ve) was 83%. The median serum hepatitis B virus viral load was 4,340 IU/mL (range 20-271,883,036). Significant determinants of significant fibrosis (F2-4) were male gender (aOR 3.24 [95%CI: 1.36-7.72]) and high aspartate transaminase (AST) level (aOR 5.71 [95%CI: 2.03-16.04]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Around one-quarter of the Thai patients with chronic viral hepatitis B had significant liver disease defined by VCTE, requiring further evaluation for specific treatment for hepatitis B virus. Determinants of significant liver fibrosis were male gender and high AST level.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4310102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6189681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36688425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Serum Cytokeratin-18, Control Attenuation Parameter, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, and Liver Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Sumitro Kosasih,&nbsp;Wong Zhi Qin,&nbsp;Rafiz Abdul Rani,&nbsp;Nazefah Abd Hamid,&nbsp;Ngiu Chai Soon,&nbsp;Shamsul Azhar Shah,&nbsp;Yazmin Yaakob,&nbsp;Raja Affendi Raja Ali","doi":"10.1155/2018/9252536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9252536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>The aim of this study was to appraise the relationship between serum fragmented cytokeratin-18(CK-18), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and liver steatosis assessed by ultrasound (US) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent abdominal US were recruited, followed with measurement of CAP using Fibroscan^® and serum fragmented CK-18 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degree of liver steatosis assessed by US was categorized into mild (S1), moderate (S2), and severe (S3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 patients were included in our study. CAP and fragmented CK-18 level were significantly correlated with liver steatosis grade with r_s = 0.56 and 0.68, <i>p</i>=0.001, respectively. NAFLD Fibrosis Score was poorly correlated with liver steatosis grade (r_s=-0.096, <i>p</i>=0.318). Using fragmented CK-18 level, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves for S≥2 and S≥3 were excellent (0.82 and 0.84, respectively). Using CAP, AUROC curves for detection of S≥2 and S≥3 were good (0.76, 0.77, respectively). We also proposed cut-off value of CAP to detect S≥2 and S≥3 to be 263 and 319db/m, respectively, and fragmented CK-18 level to detect S≥2 and S≥3 (194 and 294 U/L, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both the fragmented CK-18 level and the CAP, but not NAFLD Fibrosis Score, were well correlated with hepatic steatosis grade as assessed by US.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9252536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9252536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36619705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine, N-Acetyl Methionine, and N-Acetyl Glucosamine against Paracetamol and Phenacetin Therapeutic Doses-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.","authors":"Tahia H Saleem,&nbsp;Nagwa Abo El-Maali,&nbsp;Mohammed H Hassan,&nbsp;Nahed A Mohamed,&nbsp;Nashwa A M Mostafa,&nbsp;Emaad Abdel-Kahaar,&nbsp;Azza S Tammam","doi":"10.1155/2018/7603437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7603437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Both paracetamol (PA) and phenacetin (PH) are analgesic and antipyretic agents. Part of phenacetin therapeutic activity is attributed to its metabolism into paracetamol. Paracetamol causes direct hepatic oxidative stress damage. The present study aimed to investigate the possible damaging effects of both PA and PH, when used in therapeutic doses, on rat liver and to compare the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetyl-methionine (NAM), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) against PA- or PH-induced hepatic damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>90 male Wistar albino rats (120-140 gm) were undertaken, categorized randomly into 9 groups of 10 rats each, and administered by gavage for 2 weeks with DMSO 1% (controls), PA, PA+NAC, PA+NAM, PA+NAG, PH, PH+NAC, PH+NAM, and PH+NAG. Biochemical assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in liver homogenates and serum assays of ALT, AST, 8-hydroxy guanine (8-OH-Gua), and AFP were done. Also histopathological examinations of liver tissues in various groups were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PA and PH cause significant increase in hepatic levels of MDA, NO, and AFP and serum ALT, AST, and 8-OH-Gua levels, with significant decrease in hepatic GSH and total thiols. NAG and NAC significantly improve the PA- and PH-induced hepatic and blood, biochemical, and histopathological disturbances, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both PA and PH induce oxidative stress in rat liver within their therapeutic doses. NAG and NAC in pharmacological doses can antagonize the oxidative damaging effect of both PA and PH.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7603437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7603437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36518786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sofosbuvir Based Regimens in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis in Community Care Setting.","authors":"Vijay Gayam,&nbsp;Amrendra Kumar Mandal,&nbsp;Mazin Khalid,&nbsp;Osama Mukhtar,&nbsp;Arshpal Gill,&nbsp;Pavani Garlapati,&nbsp;Mowyad Khalid,&nbsp;Mohammed Mansour","doi":"10.1155/2018/4136253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4136253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs have been highly effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. We aim to evaluate the treatment response of Sofosbuvir based DAA in CHC patients with compensated liver cirrhosis as limited data exists in the real-world community setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the CHC patients with compensated liver cirrhosis treated with Sofosbuvir based DAAs between January 2014 and December 2017 in a community clinic setting were retrospectively analyzed. Pretreatment baseline patient characteristics, treatment efficacy with the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12), and adverse reactions were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and twelve patients with CHC infection and concurrent compensated cirrhosis were included in the study. Black patients represented the majority of the study population (64%). Eighty-seven patients were treated with Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) ±Ribavirin and 25 patients were treated with Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL). Overall, SVR 12 after treatment was achieved in 90% in patients who received one of the two DAA regimens (89.7% in LDV/SOF group and 92% in SOF/VEL group). SVR 12 did not vary based on age, sex, body mass index, baseline HCV viral load, HCV/HIV coinfection, type of genotype, and prior treatment status. Apart from a low platelet count, there were no other factors associated with a statistical difference in SVR 12(<i>p=</i>0.002) between the two regimens. Fatigue (35%) was the most common adverse effect and no patients discontinued treatment due to adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the community care setting, Sofosbuvir based DAAs are safe, effective with high overall SVR, and well tolerated in patients with CHC patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4136253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4136253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36434332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of NASH in Obese Mice is Confounded by Adipose Tissue Increase in Inflammatory NOV and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"David Sacerdoti,&nbsp;Shailendra P Singh,&nbsp;Joseph Schragenheim,&nbsp;Lars Bellner,&nbsp;Luca Vanella,&nbsp;Marco Raffaele,&nbsp;Aliza Meissner,&nbsp;Ilana Grant,&nbsp;Gaia Favero,&nbsp;Rita Rezzani,&nbsp;Luigi F Rodella,&nbsp;David Bamshad,&nbsp;Edward Lebovics,&nbsp;Nader G Abraham","doi":"10.1155/2018/3484107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3484107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the consequence of insulin resistance, fatty acid accumulation, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity. We hypothesize that an increase in the inflammatory adipokine NOV decreases antioxidant Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels in adipose and hepatic tissue, resulting in the development of NASH in obese mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and obese animals were administered an HO-1 inducer with or without an inhibitor of HO activity to examine levels of adipose-derived NOV and possible links between increased synthesis of inflammatory adipokines and hepatic pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NASH mice displayed decreased HO-1 levels and HO activity, increased levels of hepatic heme, NOV, MMP2, hepcidin, and increased NAS scores and hepatic fibrosis. Increased HO-1 levels are associated with a decrease in NOV, improved hepatic NAS score, ameliorated fibrosis, and increases in mitochondrial integrity and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Adipose tissue function is disrupted in obesity as evidenced by an increase in proinflammatory molecules such as NOV and a decrease in adiponectin. Importantly, increased HO-1 levels are associated with a decrease of NOV, increased adiponectin levels, and increased levels of thermogenic and mitochondrial signaling associated genes in adipose tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the metabolic abnormalities in NASH are driven by decreased levels of hepatic HO-1 that is associated with an increase in the adipose-derived proinflammatory adipokine NOV in our obese mouse model of NASH. Concurrently, induction of HO-1 provides protection against insulin resistance as seen by increased insulin receptor phosphorylation. Pharmacological increases in HO-1 associated with decreases in NOV may offer a potential therapeutic approach in preventing fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the development of NASH.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3484107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3484107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36355215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newer Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with and without Cirrhosis.","authors":"P Priyanka,&nbsp;J T Kupec,&nbsp;M Krafft,&nbsp;N A Shah,&nbsp;G J Reynolds","doi":"10.1155/2018/8432781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8432781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newer oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are being utilized increasingly for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). NOAC use is the standard of care for stroke prophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and treatment of acute VTE involving extremities and pulmonary embolism. In contrast, most guidelines in the literature support the treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT) with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Literature evaluating NOAC use in the treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis is sparse. This review focuses on the safety and efficacy of the use of NOACs in the treatment of acute PVT in patients, with or without concomitant cirrhosis, based on the most recent data available in the current literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted through a series of advanced searches in the following medical databases: PubMed, BioMed Central, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Keywords utilized were as follows: NOAC, DOAC (direct oral anticoagulants), portal vein thrombosis, rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban. Articles related to newer anticoagulant use in patients with portal vein thrombosis were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The adverse events, including bleeding events (major and minor) and the failure of anticoagulation (propagation of thrombus or recurrence of PVT), are similar between the NOACs and traditional anticoagulants for the treatment of acute PVT, irrespective of the presence of cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Newer oral anticoagulants are safe and efficacious alternatives to traditional anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin and vitamin K antagonists in the treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis with or without cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8432781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8432781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36285523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association between Liver Enzymes and Lipid Levels.","authors":"Subrata Deb,&nbsp;Prasanth Puthanveetil,&nbsp;Prashant Sakharkar","doi":"10.1155/2018/1286170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1286170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine the association between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and liver enzyme functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2012 was used to examine the association between liver enzymes and lipid levels amongst adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen percent adults had ALT > 40 U/L, 11% had AST > 40 U/L, and 96% had ALP > 120 U/L. Age, gender, and race/ethnicity showed significant association with LDL, HDL, and triglycerides levels. LDL greater than borderline high was associated with little over two times higher odds of elevated ALT (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 2.17, 2.53, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and AST (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.55, 3.06, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). High HDL was associated with 50% higher odds for elevated ALT (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.64, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and over two-and-half fold elevated AST (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 2.47, 3.11, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides were found to be good predictor of elevated ALT, AST, and ALP levels. Similarly, old age and female gender were significant predictor of elevated ALT and AST (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Underlying hepatic pathophysiology from dyslipidemia deserves further exploration due to its potential effects on hepatic drug metabolism/detoxification.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1286170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1286170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36285521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration of Single Clove Black Garlic Aqueous Extract on Dyslipidemia and Hepatitis in Chronic Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxicated Swiss Albino Mice.","authors":"Gia-Buu Tran,&nbsp;Sao-Mai Dam,&nbsp;Nghia-Thu Tram Le","doi":"10.1155/2018/9383950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9383950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single clove garlic is the product of atypical bulbing process of garlic under specific conditions. Therefore, the number of researches on single clove garlic bioactivity is limited. Recently, the hepatoprotective effect of single clove garlic has been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated amelioration of single clove black garlic aqueous extract, a processed product from single clove garlic, on dyslipidemia and hepatitis induced by chronic administration of CCl₄. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, extract control, CCl₄ intoxication, and coadministrated CCl₄ and extract group. Mice were orally given a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight of CCl₄ for 28 days twice a week to establish chronic liver injury model. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of single clove black garlic, mice were cotreated with CCl₄ and single clove black garlic extract (200 mg/kg body weight) via gastric gauge for 30 days. Cotreatment with CCl₄ and extract could improve the changes of body weight, liver weight, and relative liver weight as compared to CCl₄ intoxicated mice. Single clove black garlic ameliorated dyslipidemia and the elevation of ALT and AST levels induced by chronic CCl₄ intoxication. Histological studies revealed that single clove black garlic could prevent mononuclear cells infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9383950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9383950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36182378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Seven-Year Retrospective Study on the Surveillance of Hepatitis B in Laos.","authors":"Phimpha Paboriboune,&nbsp;Thomas Vial,&nbsp;François Chassagne,&nbsp;Philavanh Sitbounlang,&nbsp;Sengaloun Soundala,&nbsp;Stéphane Bertani,&nbsp;Davone Sengmanothong,&nbsp;Francois-Xavier Babin,&nbsp;Nicolas Steenkeste,&nbsp;Paul Dény,&nbsp;Pascal Pineau,&nbsp;Eric Deharo","doi":"10.1155/2018/9462475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9462475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lao PDR is one of the most highly endemic countries for hepatitis B in Asia and the second country for liver cancer incidence. Therefore, the follow-up of infected individuals through predictive serological markers is of utmost importance to monitor the progression of the pathology and take the decision on treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective-descriptive cohort study was conducted on 3,857 HBV-infected patients. Information about infection status (viral load, VL), liver function (aminotransferases), and treatments was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>M/F sex ratio was 1.77 for a median age of 37. Patients under 37 displayed higher VL than older ones and men had higher VL than women. Initial VL ranged from <50 IU/mL to 2.5 10¹³ IU/mL. Median aminotransferase values were 45.5 U/L for ALAT and 44 U/L for ASAT, ranging from <8 to >2,000 U/L. Men had higher aminotransferase than women. Globally 20% of patients received treatment (mainly immunostimulant and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors); 11% had high levels of VL and liver enzymes, but only 2% of them were treated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health decisions should be taken urgently to rationalise vaccination and provide fair access to early diagnosis and treatment; otherwise the burden of HBV-associated diseases will be overwhelming for Laos in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9462475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9462475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36136621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sofosbuvir Plus Daclatasvir in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients: An Experiment the Size of Egyptian Village.","authors":"Ossama Ashraf Ahmed, Eslam Safwat, Mohamed Omar Khalifa, Ahmed I Elshafie, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed Fouad, Mohamed Magdy Salama, Gina Gamal Naguib, Mohamed Mahmoud Eltabbakh, Ahmed Fouad Sherief, Sherief Abd-Elsalam","doi":"10.1155/2018/9616234","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/9616234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>As indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), Egypt is positioned as the country with the world's highest prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is transmitted through unexamined blood transfusions, different employments of syringes, and poor cleansing, as per the WHO. Our study aimed at screening and management of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 infected patients in Bardeen village, Sharkeya Governorate, Egypt, with Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir, as well as estimating the safety and efficacy of that regimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Screening of adult patients in Bardeen village was done from March 2016 till November 2016 using hepatitis C virus antibodies by third-generation ELISA testing. Positive results were confirmed by PCR. Patients eligible for treatment received Sofosbuvir 400 mg and Daclatasvir 60 mg daily for 12 weeks and were assessed for sustained virologic response at 12 weeks following the end of treatment (SVR 12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2047 subjects screened for hepatitis C virus, 249 (12.2%) showed positive results. 221 out of those 249 subjects (88.7%) had detectable RNA by PCR. Treatment of eligible patients (183 patients) with Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir for 12 weeks resulted in 96% achievement of sustained virologic response at week 12. Adverse events were tolerable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir regimen is safe and effective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C Genotype 4 infected patients with minimal adverse events. HCV eradication program implemented in Egypt can be a model for other countries with HCV and limited resources. The availability of generic drugs in Egypt will help much in eradication of the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":46297,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hepatology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9616234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36094481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}