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Economic and Monetary Union: A test for US‐European relations 经济与货币联盟:对美欧关系的考验
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456885
Steven Everts
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引用次数: 0
The new dimensions of organized crime in Southeastern Europe 东南欧有组织犯罪的新方面
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456888
A. Politi
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引用次数: 5
Joint actions for peace‐building in the Mediterranean 地中海建设和平的联合行动
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456890
Fred Tanner
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引用次数: 2
Economic aspects of European and Balkan regional integration 欧洲和巴尔干地区一体化的经济方面
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456887
Loukas Tsoukalis
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引用次数: 1
European defence: Beyond functional convergence. Procedures and institutions 欧洲防务:超越功能趋同。程序和制度
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456873
G. Bonvicini
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引用次数: 3
Lessons of international law from NATO's armed intervention against the federal republic of Yugoslavia 北约武装干预南斯拉夫联邦共和国的国际法教训
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456875
N. Ronzitti
{"title":"Lessons of international law from NATO's armed intervention against the federal republic of Yugoslavia","authors":"N. Ronzitti","doi":"10.1080/03932729908456875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729908456875","url":null,"abstract":"Under the UN Charter, the threat and use of force is prohibited by Article 2.4, which most writers consider a peremptory norm of international law. The use of force by individual states (acting alone or in a military alliance) is permitted only in self-defence under article 51 or against “enemy states”, according to Articles 107 and 53 (the action may be taken by individual states or by a regional organisation). The practice shows that states are lawfully permitted to resort to force, if they are authorised by the UN Security Council (SC), acting under Chapter VII, that is, if the SC determines that there is a threat to peace or a breach of peace or that an act of aggression have taken place. This point is no longer object of controversy, even though writers are questioning whether this permissive rule is the consequence of a custom within the Charter or can simply be derived from Article 48, which states that actions required to carry out decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all UN members “or by some of them”. 1","PeriodicalId":46246,"journal":{"name":"International Spectator","volume":"16 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88763187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Atlantic and European defence after Kosovo 科索沃之后的大西洋和欧洲防御
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456872
S. Silvestri
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引用次数: 2
The new Algerian president between the army and the Islamists 阿尔及利亚新总统在军队和伊斯兰主义者之间
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456871
Lahouari Addi
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引用次数: 1
Italy's crisis diplomacy in Kosovo, March‐June 1999 意大利在科索沃的危机外交，1999年3 - 6月
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456877
R. Balfour, R. Menotti, G. D. Biase
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引用次数: 4
Mercosur after the Brazilian financial turmoil 在巴西金融动荡之后，南方共同市场
IF 1.7
International Spectator Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456878
Paulo S. Wrobel
{"title":"Mercosur after the Brazilian financial turmoil","authors":"Paulo S. Wrobel","doi":"10.1080/03932729908456878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729908456878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46246,"journal":{"name":"International Spectator","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77688344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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