Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology最新文献_第7页

Comparison Using Intelligent Systems for Data Prediction and Near Miss Detection Techniques 使用智能系统进行数据预测和近失误检测技术的比较

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.20

Lek Ming Lim, S. Sathasivam, Mohd. Tahir Ismail, Ahmad Sufril Azlan Mohamed, Olayemi Joshua Ibidoja, Majid Khan Majahar Ali

{"title":"Comparison Using Intelligent Systems for Data Prediction and Near Miss Detection Techniques","authors":"Lek Ming Lim, S. Sathasivam, Mohd. Tahir Ismail, Ahmad Sufril Azlan Mohamed, Olayemi Joshua Ibidoja, Majid Khan Majahar Ali","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia ranks third among ASEAN countries in terms of deaths due to accidents, with an alarming increase in the number of fatalities each year. Road conditions contribute significantly to near-miss incidents, while the inefficiency of installed CCTVs and the lack of monitoring system algorithms worsen the situation. The objective of this research is to address the issue of increasing accidents and fatalities on Malaysian roads. Specifically, the study aims to investigate the use of video technology and machine learning algorithms for the car detection and analysis of near-miss accidents. To achieve this goal, the researchers focused on Penang, where the MBPP has deployed 1841 CCTV cameras to monitor traffic and document near-miss accidents. The study utilised the YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and Faster RCNN algorithms for vehicle detection. Additionally, the study employed image processing techniques such as Bird’s Eye View and Social Distancing Monitoring to detect and analyse how near misses occur. Various video lengths (20s, 40s, 60s and 80s) were tested to compare the algorithms’ error detection percentage and test duration. The results indicate that Faster RCNN beats YOLOv3 and YOLOV4 in car detection with low error detection, whereas YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 outperform near-miss detection, while Faster RCNN does not perform it. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of video technology and machine learning algorithms in near-miss accident detection and analysis. Transportation authorities can better understand the causes of accidents and take appropriate measures to improve road safety using these models. This research can be a foundation for further traffic safety and accident prevention studies.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of Leachate Volume and Treatment Cost Avoidance Through Waste Segregation Programme in Malaysia 马来西亚通过垃圾分类计划估算沥滤液量和避免的处理成本

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.19

Josfirin Uding Rangga, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail, I. Rasdi, K. Karuppiah

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Degradation of Carbofuran in Agricultural Area: A Review of Fate, Metabolites, and Toxicity 了解克百威在农业区的降解：命运、代谢物和毒性综述

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.17

N. S. Baharudin, Harlina Ahmad, Md Sohrab Hossain

{"title":"Understanding the Degradation of Carbofuran in Agricultural Area: A Review of Fate, Metabolites, and Toxicity","authors":"N. S. Baharudin, Harlina Ahmad, Md Sohrab Hossain","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides are commonly applied in agriculture to manage pests, parasites, weeds, and other crop diseases to maximise product output value and minimise or reduce yield losses. Pesticides are widely and indiscriminately used in crop production in most countries. Carbofuran is a highly toxic insecticide commonly used to protect crops in agricultural areas. Exposure to carbofuran can cause harmful effects on both the ecological environment and human health, particularly on non-target species such as birds and aquatic organisms. Carbofuran continues to be used, although it has been banned in some countries. This review paper highlights carbofuran usage, its residue, toxicity, and mechanisms of degradation pathways in water, soil, and food, especially in agriculture. It has been shown that hydrolysis, photolysis, and microbial degradation are the main pathways for carbofuran degradation. Carbofuran phenol is significantly less toxic than all photo-metabolites, while 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran are practically as harmful as the parent compound. Hence, more study is needed on degradation pathways that may thoroughly minimise the toxicity of this deadly pesticide.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenolics-Enhancing Piper sarmentosum (Roxburgh) Extracts Pre-Treated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and its Correlation with Cytotoxicity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities 用超临界二氧化碳预处理的酚类增强型胡椒（罗克斯堡）提取物及其与细胞毒性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的相关性

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.18

M. S. R. Hamil, Fauziahanim Zakaria, Lee Chong Yew, Norzilawati Pauzi, K. S. Mohd, N. H. Saidan

{"title":"Phenolics-Enhancing Piper sarmentosum (Roxburgh) Extracts Pre-Treated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and its Correlation with Cytotoxicity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities","authors":"M. S. R. Hamil, Fauziahanim Zakaria, Lee Chong Yew, Norzilawati Pauzi, K. S. Mohd, N. H. Saidan","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Piper sarmentosum was found to have various phytochemicals such as polyphenols and flavonoids but also contains asarone isomers, which were reported as carcinogenic in several preclinical studies. Therefore, reducing asarone isomers from this functional food is important while retaining its functional properties. This study compares the total phenolics, total flavonoids, vitexin and naringenin contents, cytotoxicity, and anti-hyperglycaemic activity between various solvent extracts using a two-step extraction with SC-CO2 pre-treatment and a single-step conventional solvent extraction without SC-CO2 pre-treatment. The findings showed that phenolic content was significantly enhanced in ethanol, 50% ethanol, and water extracts pre-treated with SC-CO2, significantly correlated with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. SC-CO2 pre-treated extracts enhanced the viability of two normal fibroblasts NIH/3T3 and CCD-18Co cell lines. It is concluded that SC-CO2 extraction offers a rapid pre-treatment step to produce safer extracts with better quality and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chromatography and Spectroscopy Methods for the Analysis of Nicotine and Other Chemical Ingredients in E-Liquid Formulation: A Review 分析电子液体配方中尼古丁和其他化学成分的色谱法和光谱法：综述

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.08

Mohd Rashidi Abdull Manap, Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah, Qhurratul Aina Kholili, Fatin Abu Hasan, Azhana Alhumaira

{"title":"Chromatography and Spectroscopy Methods for the Analysis of Nicotine and Other Chemical Ingredients in E-Liquid Formulation: A Review","authors":"Mohd Rashidi Abdull Manap, Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah, Qhurratul Aina Kholili, Fatin Abu Hasan, Azhana Alhumaira","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopy and chromatography methods have become the most preferred techniques for detecting ingredients in e-liquid analysis. Both methods are widely used for separating and quantifying volatile compounds in a sample, providing individual chemical information in complex mixtures. This paper aims to review the detection and quantification of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid used in e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes use the evaporation-condensation principle of aerosolization to produce an inhaled vapor containing nicotine, excipients, and flavoring agents. This review covers sample preparation, identification, and quantification of nicotine and other ingredients using chromatography and spectroscopy analysis. The spectroscopy methods are useful for quickly identifying and quantifying volatile compounds, including propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycol (VG), and nicotine, while spectroscopic methods, particularly the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method, have lower analytical performance compared to chromatography methods in detecting nicotine and other chemical ingredients. Based on the review, chromatographic methods are the primary option for analyzing nicotine in all e-liquid samples, offering a better alternative for a future study with the presence of multiple detectors.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proportions of Green Area and Tree Health on University Campus: The Impact of Pavement Presence 大学校园绿地比例与树木健康：路面存在的影响

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.11

Nur Ain Aiman Abd Rahim, R. Zakaria, A. Mansor, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail, Nik Fadzly N Rosely

{"title":"Proportions of Green Area and Tree Health on University Campus: The Impact of Pavement Presence","authors":"Nur Ain Aiman Abd Rahim, R. Zakaria, A. Mansor, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail, Nik Fadzly N Rosely","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable urban ecosystems require healthy green spaces that provide ecological services to meet social and environmental needs. This study evaluates the proportion of green areas in the urban campus and assesses the effects of pavement on the health of Samanea saman. The MAPIR Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) camera mounted on a drone captured a proportion of green areas of approximately 27.80%, which is roughly a quarter of the total study sites. However, the significance of green areas depends on the health of the trees. Therefore, the pavement effects on the health status of trees in green areas were studied using Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) and aerial image analysis using the MAPIR (NDVI) camera on a drone. Although both methods evaluate health status, the final outputs differed. VTA produced categorical outputs, which assigned trees into health categories based on a visual assessment of factors. In contrast, NDVI produced linear outputs, which provided a numerical value to demonstrate tree health. Both methods indicate that trees in non-paved areas are healthier, particularly for the excellent trees identified by the VTA, which suggests that pavement negatively impacts tree health. However, the effects of paved and non-paved areas on tree health status analysis using the aerial image are not significant (p>0.05), which may be due to the low quality and accuracy of the images. The study provides insights into the importance of green areas and tree health in creating sustainable urban ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Nutrients in Anodic Chamber to the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) 阳极室中的营养物质对微生物燃料电池（MFC）性能的影响

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.12

Nashley Ursula Mundi Ujai, S. K. Sahari, M. Sawawi, K. Kipli, Asmahani Awang, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood, Lilik Hasanah, A. R. Kram, Zainab Ngaini

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Blended Seaweed Waste Recycling Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae 利用黑兵蝇幼虫对混合海藻废料回收利用的研究

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.13

I. Septiariva, I. W. Suryawan, Wisnu Prayogo, S. Suhardono, Ariyanti Sarwono

{"title":"Investigation of Blended Seaweed Waste Recycling Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae","authors":"I. Septiariva, I. W. Suryawan, Wisnu Prayogo, S. Suhardono, Ariyanti Sarwono","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweed waste is often found in the coastal areas of Indonesia. Along with other waste, large quantities of seaweed will disrupt the ecosystem and harm the surrounding environment. Therefore, treating seaweed waste effectively and efficiently is necessary to mitigate such adverse effects. This study processed seaweed waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae to accelerate waste degradation, reducing the waste buildup. The characteristics of waste, the feeding treatment, chemical content, and parameters of waste processing were assessed. Based on the results, seaweed waste contains highly organic compounds, potentially used as fertilizer or animal feed. The feeding method demonstrated that the mass of BSF larvae increased according to the intensity of the feeding treatment. The total waste degradation obtained from the BSF larvae was 72.61% with a waste reduction index of 1.87 g/day, and the efficiency of digested feed was 7.61% with feeding treatment every three days. The chemical composition of BSF pre-pupae, pupae, and residues was also evaluated to determine their feasibility as animal feed and biomass. The results suggested that pre-pupae and pupae comprise protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. At the same time, the waste residue has a C-organic and N-organic ratio of 13%–14% and is an alternative for future waste-to-energy applications. Overall, BSF offers a great prospect in generating high-value products and simultaneously serves as a strategy for efficient waste management.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance THz Metallic Axial Mode Helix Antenna with Optimised Truncated Hollow Cone Ground Plane for 6G Wireless Communication System 用于 6G 无线通信系统的高性能 THz 金属轴向模式螺旋天线与优化截顶空心锥形地平面

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.15

Zahraa Raad Mayoof Hajiyat, A. Ismail, A. Sali, M. Hamidon

{"title":"High-performance THz Metallic Axial Mode Helix Antenna with Optimised Truncated Hollow Cone Ground Plane for 6G Wireless Communication System","authors":"Zahraa Raad Mayoof Hajiyat, A. Ismail, A. Sali, M. Hamidon","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Terahertz (THz) band antenna configuration operates in the 0.1–10 THz frequency range and offers a stable performance for future 6th Generation (6G) wireless communication systems. However, the available metallic axial mode helix antenna designs exhibit a peak directivity of lower than 18 dBi within 0.5–1 THz, making it inappropriate to be applied in wireless communication systems. Therefore, this study proposed a high-performance THz metallic five-turn axial mode helix antenna with an optimised truncated hollow cone ground plane for 6G wireless communication systems. Following the creation of the proposed antenna design using cost-effective copper (annealed), the truncated hollow cone ground plane of the THz axial mode helix antenna was optimised via simulation in a Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS) software and a verification of the proposed THz antenna design in Analysis System High-Frequency Structure Simulator (Ansys HFSS) software for a fair comparison. Based on the results, the proposed THz metallic axial mode helix antenna with optimised truncated hollow cone ground plane recorded an impedance bandwidth of 0.46 THz, Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 61.33% for |S11| ≤ -10 dB, and a maximum directivity and realised gain of 21.8 dBi and 21.5 dBi at 0.85 THz, respectively. Within the 0.5–1 THz, the proposed optimised THz antenna design achieved an outstanding performance, including an FBW of more than 50%, excellent directivity of higher than 15.8 dBi, radiation efficiency of greater than 87%, circular polarisation, and low-profile helix turns. In short, the proposed THz metallic axial mode helix antenna with optimised truncated hollow cone ground plane design is appropriate for various THz 6G wireless applications.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Attribute-based Data Privacy Classification Through the Bayesian Theorem to Raise Awareness in Public Data Sharing Activity 通过贝叶斯定理进行基于属性的数据隐私分类，提高公共数据共享活动的意识

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Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.1.14

Nur Aziana Azwani Abdul Aziz, M. Hussin, Nur Raidah Salim

{"title":"An Attribute-based Data Privacy Classification Through the Bayesian Theorem to Raise Awareness in Public Data Sharing Activity","authors":"Nur Aziana Azwani Abdul Aziz, M. Hussin, Nur Raidah Salim","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the digital era with diverse existing electronic platforms offers information sharing and leads to the realization of a culture of knowledge. Vast amounts of data and information can be reached anywhere at any time, fingertips away. These data are public because people are willing to share them on digital platforms like social media. It should be noted that not all information is supposed to be made public; some is supposed to be kept private or confidential. However, people always misunderstand and are misled about which data needs to be secured and which can be shared. We proposed an attribute-based data privacy classification model using a Naïve Bayesian classifier in this work. It aims to identify and classify metadata (attributes) commonly accessible on digital platforms. We classified the attributes that had been collected into three privacy classes. Each class represents a level of data privacy in terms of its risk of breach. The public (respondent) is determined according to different ages to gather their perspective on the unclassified attribute data. The input from the survey is then used in the Naïve Bayesian classifier to formulate data weights. Then, the sorted privacy data in the class is sent back to the respondent to get their agreement on the class of attributes. We compare our approach with another classifier approach. The result shows fewer conflicting reactions from the respondents to our approach. This study could make the public aware of the importance of disclosing their information on open digital platforms.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0